Archive for the ‘Afghanistan’ Category

Antique gun store in Afghanistan holds valuable historic …

KABUL, Afghanistan In the basement of the old Mullah Shams market on Kabul's famous Chicken Street, below the beggars, the gemstone carvers, street artists and carpet stores, lies a tiny windowless store stuffed to the ceiling with troves of ancient weapons and slices of Afghan history.

Stepping into the store of 69-year-old Tawakal is like entering a time machine.For decades, Tawakal has collected and restored weapons dating back hundreds of years from provinces across the country, estimating that he has almost 200 tucked into his store, known simply as the Tawakal store, and a storage room in the back.

"We have guns, knives, swords. Everything is historical," the barefoot, toothless smiling firearms expert enthused to Fox News.

Almost every piece has its own intricate insignia, from delicately carved calligraphy in the metal to the famous Afghanistan salpah stone ground into the wood carving. The weapons are all too old to be functional, instead serving as classic decor that he often lends to exhibits across the country.

Tawakal in his shop (Hollie McKay/Fox News)

Tawakal says his favorite is a handmade "Chaq maki," or flintlock in English, that dates back hundreds of years. He offers the homemade muzzle-loading antique for $1,000, but is confident that if he was ever able to export the gun outside the country he could sell it for 10 times that amount.

"Before this gun, Afghans had to fight by the sword," he says, speaking Farsi, Afghanistan's official language. "This was the first. This is what was used to push back the British Army."

The weapon, known as a flintlock Jezail, still has the original barrel and ram rod, with newer additions of mother-of-pearl and lock.

Next, Tawakal shows off a British-made 1863 Tower rifle -- which he offers at $400 -- cradling it around the store as if it were a small child. The rifle was made for artillery gunners.

Then there is a1860 Enfield priced at $100, an antique Belgian-made Martini Muscat and an antique Martini-Henry. Thebarrels of the official pattern Martini-Henry, first used by the British Army in 1871, are much longer. The one Tawakal has appears to have been cut back, likely to make it easier to handle.

"After the British came, their guns became very popular here," he explained, referring to the three wars Afghanistan and British forces fought in the 19th and 20th centuries.

Tawakal also displayed a Safavid gun -- one of the smallest in his collection -- and, in his words, "with a story that goes back a long, long time."

"This was used by the Safavid army when they had no other gun for fighting," Tawakal said of the military force that ranged across Persia in the 18th century.

Tawakal also proudly points to a "Sachma" gun, which he sells for $250, re-enacting how the soldiers who first used the weapon would have filled the muzzle with gunpowder, or barood in Urdu, and lit a match to shoot out the "sachmah," or lead ball, as the projectile.

Also among Tawakal's weapons cache, wrapped in a blue scarf and hidden in the storage area, is the Afghan-made "Sorbi Yak Taka," meaning one-shot rifle. It appears to bean Afghan knockoff of a British Martini-Henry rifle. These single-shot, breech-loading rifles were the mainstay of the British Empire throughout the world during the 1800s, when cartridge arms replaced muzzle loaders.

Tawakal says it was used by the Amanullah army some 100 years ago and comes with a matching sword. It's a package deal, he says, at $600.

The store also features aGR Tower flintlock that looks to be made of some original parts and some new parts from an Afghan government Martine Henry and an Afghan Le Mothield Bayonet.

Equally as vast as his gun collection is the assortment of swords that adorn the walls and cabinets. The eldest were hand-crafted and used three centuries ago by the Mughals, Safavid and Changez armies.

One isan Afghan tulwar or Pushtun short sword. It bears similarities to other ancient weapons like the Roman gladius.The handle has a weight in the rear to balance the weapon and make it handier for slicing. The store also boasts straps -- made from "cow and camel skin" -- complete with tiny pouches to carry stones and fuel to clean their weapons, little tools like hammers and tubes for measuring the gunpowder they needed to fire away.

And just for good measure, a few slightly stained, large-size Soviet winter hats, made in 1985, worn by their commanders during the bloody war that ravaged their land for thirteen years, are hanging high. The once soft wool has roughened through the passage of time and, according to the store owner, people only really buy them for exhibition purposes.

"No one really wears them," he explains.

Eight years ago Tawakal -- who previously sold antique weapons privately -- opened the little shop to appeal to foreigners at the height of Operation Enduring Freedom. But these days, sales have slowed to a crawl. He spends much of his day drinking tea and tweaking his many treasures.

"Nobody comes to Kabul anymore because of all the explosions," he laments. "I used to love it when people from all over the world came in here."

Tawakal notes that while some weapons are originals, others are only partly original, while some he is unable to guarantee their authenticity beyond his own summations.

Guns are a way of life for Afghans. Almost every night, gunshots ring out -- celebratory or otherwise -- and when people talk, the talk is almost of war and the weapons they once used or the ones they want or need.

"I know everything there is to know about guns," Tawakal added. "I have known guns all my life. This is my life, my work."

Hollie McKay has been a FoxNews.com staff reporter since 2007. She has reported extensively from the Middle East on the rise and fall of terrorist groups such as ISIS in Iraq. Follow her on twitter at @holliesmckay

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Antique gun store in Afghanistan holds valuable historic ...

Trump Administration Is Split on Adding Troops in Afghanistan – The … – New York Times


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Pakistan harbouring terrorists in Afghanistan: US intel officials – Economic Times

WASHINGTON: Pakistan is "harbouring terrorists" and using them as "reserve" in Afghanistan, a top US intelligence official has told lawmakers.

"Pakistan views Afghanistan or desires for Afghanistan some of the same things we want: a safe, secure, stable Afghanistan. One addition -- one that does not have heavy Indian influence in Afghanistan," Lt Gen Vincent Stewart, Director, Defense Intelligence Agency told members of the powerful Senate Armed Services Committee during a Congressional hearing on worldwide threats.

"They view all of the challenges through the lens of an Indian threat to the state of Pakistan," Stewart said.

"So they (Pakistan) hold in reserve terrorist organisation -- we define them as terrorist organisations, they hold them in reserve so that -- if Afghanistan leans towards India, they will no longer be supportive of an idea of a stable and secure Afghanistan that could undermine Pakistan interest," Stewart said.

He said Pakistan needs to be told very clearly that Afghanistan's security and stability is in the interest of all of the parties in the region and does not pose a risk to Pakistan.

"We've got to convince Pakistan that if they're harbouring any of the Haqqani network members that it is not in their interest to continue to host of Haqqani network, that we ought to be working together to go after those 20 terrorist organisations that undermine not just Afghanistan, not just Pakistan, but all of the regions," he said.

"And so we've to make sure we're pushing them to do more against the Haqqani network. Then (they should) separate the Taliban from the Pashtun, which wants a Pashtun-dominated Afghanistan," he said.

"So we've got to get the conversation going again with Pakistan about their role in not harbouring any of these terrorists, helping to stabilise Afghanistan," he added.

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Pakistan harbouring terrorists in Afghanistan: US intel officials - Economic Times

Afghanistan’s beautiful ‘Green Zone’ offers emeralds, peace – Fox News

PANJSHIR VALLEY, Afghanistan -- It has been dubbed Afghanistan's Green Zone: A pocket of paradise amid the bloody, conflict-ravaged country -- both a hidden gem and full of gems. Specifically, they are world-class emeralds seemingly just waiting to be mined.

Located some 80 miles along a snaking road northeast of Kabul via Bagram, the Panjshir Valley boasts stark mountainous terrain at the foot of the historic Hindu Kush range. Deep in these mountains, hopeful civilians with their home-crafted explosives attempt to blast their way into some money.

"The villagers are mining like they were centuries ago, no technology. Sometimes they get lucky, sometimes not. Sometimes they destroy the emeralds in the process," Haji M.Gul Rashid, president of the Gem Stone Union in Afghanistan, told Fox News. "People are very poor, they just want to work to feed their families. They don't have many possibilities beyond that."

Afghanistan's lush Panjshir Valley (Hollie McKay/Fox News)

Geological surveys conducted in Afghanistan during the early years of Operation Enduring Freedom estimated that the countrys natural mineral wealth could exceed a trillion dollars, with a major portion of the untapped minerals buried below Panjshir alone. Beyond emeralds, Rashid says that Panjshir boasts "all colors and all stones," but they have received next to no help amassing their potential fortune.

Some of Earths earliest indications of mining -- dating back about 6,000 years -- have been traced to Afghanistan. Yet the passage of time has afforded the Afghan people little progress in this realm. What locals want is long-term support with mining methods and technology to elevate production.

"About three years ago a program came from the international community for six months, but it was not effective. It was supposed to train specialists, but that does not take six months. That takes years," Rashid said. "There is so much treasure here, but still there is no response."

Emeralds from the Panjshir Valley (Hollie McKay/Fox News)

The same can be said for an area in the southeast of Afghanistan where one of the worlds largest and most easily mined deposits of rare-earth elements -- critical in the manufacture of modern technology -- remains virtually untapped.

Indeed, the instability of Afghanistan as a whole -- despite Panjshir's relative stability -- has proven to be a major deterrent for cautious investors.

Experts say that these natural treasures have the capacity to bring much-needed wealth to Afghanistan, and give Afghans in other provinces a means of income that doesn't rely on cultivating poppy seeds or cannabis to survive. Income from the narcotic trade funds the Taliban and contributes significantly to the global opioid and heroin epidemic.

Panjshir Gov. Kamalluddin Nizami (Hollie McKay/Fox News)

"Mining would bring many, many benefits for our country and for investors," Panjshir Gov. Kamalluddin Nizami noted. "But we can't do this alone. Coordination with the private sector is imperative."

As it stands, most recovered gems are usually smuggled uncut out of the country to places like Dubai and India, due to heavy Afghan regulations and taxation -- meaning little revenue or employment opportunity for Afghans. But until the infamous corruption in the country is cleaned up and proper mining mechanisms are put in place to support the potential billion-dollar a year industry, those in the business say they have little choice but to go it alone.

While there is a scattering of arbiters that dominate the trade, most village miners -- if they are lucky - make $50 to $100 a month. The central government's Ministry of Mines and Petroleum recently revised its Minerals Law and the Law on Hydrocarbons, but such revisions are still awaiting parliamentary approval and locals remain uncertain if and how it will benefit them.

Afghanistan's mountainous Panjshir Valley (Hollie McKay/Fox News)

And even though Panjshir serves as a getaway for folks seeking serenity from the fighting and tension that permeates most other provinces, locals say it could have a broader visitor appeal -- one that could bring jobs and steady income to the impoverished people.

It is indeed a quaint and picturesque place reminiscent of a time long ago -- steep hills and V-shaped side valleys, sprinkled with mud huts and small farms, where farmers grow wheat and herd sheep and goats. Cows often roam freely. Visitors can see families flying kites and sharing picnics by the water, donkey carts tottering along the narrow dirt tracks, and wild fruits and herbs flourishing at every turn. The diet in Panjshir is predominantly barbequed meat with some vegetables and rice, and flatbread at every meal. Panjshiris constantly offer guests hot tea chai along with generous platters of dried local mulberries, walnuts and dried chickpeas. Every house seems to be flanked by mulberry, apple and stone fruit trees.

According to Panjshir Province Police Chief Mohammad Ishaq Tamken, their biggest security concern is in the form of smugglers using Panjshir as a route to transport illegal weapons from Pakistan and northern provinces through to Kabul, a practice they are endeavoring to combat.

Panjshir Province Police Chief Mohammad Ishaq Tamken (Hollie McKay/Fox News)

"This is a great place for visitors, but nobody has built up anything here," Tamken told Fox News.

Most of the province is without electricity or hot water. Those fortunate enough to afford fuel might use a generator for a few hours a day. Remarkably, 3G cell service recently became available to some parts of the valley, which was a boon to the local population since Facebook is a common communications tool for Afghans.

Yet without further support in terms of infrastructure, Panjshirs economic potential remains buried with its emeralds. Locals point out millions that the international community spent not long after 9/11 on setting up wind turbines for electricity. But at some point, the money ran out, the project was left incomplete and now it would require starting from square one. There is some run-of-river, micro-hydro-power for a few villages and individual houses. But the larger hydro-power station in Paranday village remains unfinished. So much of Afghanistan seems unfinished like that -- the last 10 percent to 25 percent of projects just too insurmountable for a variety of reasons.

The Panjshir Valley was the site of heavy fighting during the Soviet invasion after 1979. It was in the Panjshir that the famed Ahmad Shah Massoud, the Lion of the Panjshir, started the resistance that the Russians and Afghan Communist regime were unable to defeat, despite leveling practically every structure in the valley, denuding it of trees and killing many of its inhabitants. Testament to this fighting can been seen in the many bombed-out shells of Soviet tanks and armored vehicles littering the valley floor.

On a hike in the local hills, its common to come across rockets, mortar tails and bullet casings still rusting in the sunshine from their original place of destruction. Yet it is for this reason, Panjshiris vow, that their enclave has since been mostly untouched by terrorists and combat, even throughout the U.S-led war against Al Qaeda and their Taliban hosts.

"After fighting the Russians, all the people here built a united community when others were fighting among themselves," Gov. Nizami explained.

The region is inhabited almost solely by ethnic Tajiks who remain loyal to their deceased but still esteemed Mujahedeen leader, Ahmad Shah Massoud. After being a major force in the Soviet resistance, he went on to lead the resistance against the Taliban and other affiliated groups in the 1990s. The Panjshir was the last holdout against radical Islamic extremism in the country until the U.S. invaded in 2001.

Wall hanging of the esteemed Ahmad Shah Massoud, the Lion of the Panjshir." (Hollie McKay/Fox News)

Posters of Massoud adorn many huts and streets, and his tomb, nestled high on a quiet mountain top, serves as a sanctuary where, every day, devotees come to pray and pay tribute. He was assassinated by Al Qaeda affiliates two days before 9/11, in what many see as Osama bin Ladens final attempt to deny Afghans a modern future.

In due course, locals speak with pride of the code-named "Jawbreaker" mission -- the first CIA teams to enter Afghanistan in the immediate aftermath of those attacks. The Gary Berntsen-led team set its base in the staunchly anti-Taliban Panjshir and brought together an alliance to topple the terrorist regime from the North.

Panjshiris also fondly recall a brief period in which a U.S. Provisional Reconstruction Team came in more than a decade ago and helped them pave their main road and build schools and a bridge. Yet compared to many other parts of the country, resources are vastly lacking.

"We are people sitting on riches and living in quiet peace. We welcomed NATO as our friends, but we feel like we have been forgotten," lamented Haji Abdul Sami, an employee with the Ministry of Defense. "We are not criminals here. Unfortunately, the areas where the criminals are seem to get all the resources and attention."

Hollie McKay has been a FoxNews.com staff reporter since 2007. She has reported extensively from the Middle East on the rise and fall of terrorist groups such as ISIS in Iraq. Follow her on twitter at @holliesmckay

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Afghanistan's beautiful 'Green Zone' offers emeralds, peace - Fox News

5 Strategic Priorities in Afghanistan That Donald Trump Should Consider Before the NATO Summit – The Diplomat

ISIS expansion and the Talibans new regional allies; these are the urgent tasks the U.S. must address in its strategy.

By Hashim Wahdatyar for The Diplomat

May 24, 2017

U.S. President Donald Trump will unveil his strategy for Afghanistan this week during the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) summit in Brussels. It is likely that the new strategy will include sending several thousand troops to Afghanistan. On the one hand, this is good news for Kabul, returning the country to international prominence after a long presidential campaign during which Trump rarely discussed the nation. On the other hand, it will alert Islamabad, which has pushed international troops out of Afghanistan, that the U.S. will stay and remain a close ally of Kabul. An increase of troops would also help both Kabul and Washington manage moves by regional players in the country, including stemming the effect ofRussian relations with the Taliban.

Under such circumstances, the U.S must consider the following five strategic priorities in order to succeed in Afghanistan:

Strengthen and reform the national security forces that needs tools more than training

The U.S. cannot be Afghanistans police force anymore, patrolling the country indefinitely against seemingly endless terrorist threats, which range from Al Qaeda, to the Taliban, to the Haqani Network, to the Islamic States Khorasan Province (ISKP), to the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan operating in Northern Afghanistan. It is vital then to address current and future challenges through a strong national security force with the support of U.S. and NATO forces.

The international community has provided training to Afghan security forces for the past decade while they still lack heavy weapons and a well-equipped air force. Afghanistan needs strong non-political forces that are highly motivated. The insurgents are driven and prepared to die for their cause while the morale of Afghan forces is weakened by the prevalence of corruption among their commanders. Every day, U.S.-invested security forces perish, fighting against the Taliban. The U.S. has sent more than $70 billion to the Afghan security forces since 2002. The U.S. needs to equip the forces with heavy weapons and other battlefield technology. Empowering the Afghan Air Force will also help decrease the casualties.

Address thenarcotics that fuel the Talibans war machine

Afghanistan is the worlds top producer of opium, producing 90 percent of the global supply. The opium trade results in the generation of approximately $68 billion in annualrevenue. In 2016, opium production increased by43 percent. The Taliban earns up to$400million annually from the illicit drug trade, particularly from the restive Southern provinces of Helmand, Kandahar, and Nimruz. This income helps fund the Talibans war engine, an alarming phenomenon that has continued for well over a decade. Today, around 40 percent of the Talibans funding comes from opium, which enables them to fight the Afghan government andthe international community.

The drug trade not only supports the Taliban financially, but also garners thempoliticalsupport as well, winning them the backing of local drug lords, drug dealers, and youth who work in poppy fields, lancing opium for $4 per day in wages.

As the connectionbetween the Taliban and opium grows stronger, the fight against narcotics in Afghanistan has become inextricably linked with the fight against the Taliban must. Unless counter-narcotic operations are made a priority in the fight against terrorism in Afghanistan, the insurgency will continue.

Fight corruption

Corruption within the national forces is a major obstacle in fighting insurgents. Afghan President Ashraf Ghani is not able to rid the government of well-rooted corrupt individuals. The problem requires international pressure and strong political will.

Afghanistan is ranked third in Transparency Internationals corruption perception index (CPI), despite Ghanis efforts. He established a high commission of procurement in 2015, which was led by him, and a new commission in 2016 to root out corruption in the highest levels of government.

Corruption within the security sector has particularly critical consequences. Corruption within Afghan security forces undermines combat readiness and effectiveness, with direct implications for the U.S. and NATO role in Afghanistan.

Forge a peace deal with the Taliban from a position of strength

The road to a peace deal with the Taliban run through Islamabad since it is Pakistan that is blocking reconciliation with Kabul. Senior Taliban leaders and their families have their roots in Pakistan, which limits their ability to negotiate with Afghanistan. Former Afghan President Hamid Karzai conducted frequent visits to Islamabad, trying unsuccessfully to convince Pakistan to allow the Taliban to pursue a peace deal with Kabul. Afteryears of war and millions of dollars spent without result, the Taliban, backed by Pakistan, continue fighting Afghans and the international community. In order to bring the Taliban to the negotiating table, it would be wise to put pressure on Islamabad from the United States comparative position of strength.

Finally, write a new chapter with Pakistan. Is it an ally or an adversary?

Pakistan has been successful for the past decade in extracting funds from the United States to support its so-called fight against terrorism. However, it is clear that the nation has simultaneously continued to protect the Taliban leaders and their Quetta council, even as the organization is responsible for the deaths of more than 2,300 U.S. troops over the years. The Taliban would not survive a month without Pakistans support.

The U.S requires a clear strategy in approaching talks with Islamabad and must determine if it is an ally against the insurgency in Afghanistan. Washington must demand that Pakistans military establishment take care of the insurgents and their bases, training camps, treatment facilitates, and safe havens in Pakistan. Only concrete actions can prove Islamabads sincerity against terrorism.

Hashim Wahdatyar is analyst based in Washington D.C. He is a former spokesperson and programme officer for the United Nations (UNODC) in Afghanistan. He is also a fellow at the Asia Society. He tweets @hashimwahdat. The views expressed in this article are the authors own.

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5 Strategic Priorities in Afghanistan That Donald Trump Should Consider Before the NATO Summit - The Diplomat