Amid a historic and ever-worsening humanitarian crisis in Afghanistan, Facebook recently added the head of one of the countrys most important domestic aid groups to its Dangerous Individuals terror blacklist, The Intercept has learned.
Internal company materials reviewed by The Intercept show that Matiul Haq Khalis head of the Afghan Red Crescent Society, or ARCS; son of a famed mujahedeen commander, Mohammad Yunus Khalis; and a former Taliban negotiator was added to the companys stringent censorship list in late April, joining a group of thousands of people and organizations deemed too dangerous to freely discuss or use the platform, including alleged terrorists, hate groups, drug cartels, and mass murderers. But Facebooks designation now means that the list, ostensibly created and enforced to stop offline harm, could disrupt the work of a globally recognized organization working to ease the immiseration of tens of millions of civilians.
After the collapse of the U.S.-backed government and withdrawal of American military forces, Khalis was named president of the organization, which helps provide health care, food, and other humanitarian aid to civilians there since its founding in 1934. In a country where half the population is going hungry and American sanctions threaten a total economic collapse, the ARCS is a bulwark against even greater suffering. Following Khaliss addition to the Dangerous Individuals list under its most restrictive Tier 1 category for terroristsdue to his Taliban affiliation, the over2 billion Facebook and Instagram users around the world are now barred from praising, supporting, or representing Khalis; this means even an anodyne photo of him at an official ARCS event, quotation of remarks, or positive mention of him in the context of the organizations aid work would risk deletion, as would any attempt on his part to use the companys platform to communicate, either in Afghanistan or abroad.
The Afghan Red Crescent continues to provide lifesaving assistance across the country, to the most vulnerable people in the country, working in all provinces, said Anita Dullard, spokesperson with the International Committee of the Red Cross. Theyre dealing with a range of things including severe drought, Covid, economic hardship, and working to support the healthcare system in Afghanistan. We work closely with Afghan Red Crescent to ensure that we can deliver humanitarian assistance.
A senior official with a major international aid organization in Afghanistan, who spoke with The Intercept on the condition of anonymity due to avoid jeopardizing operations in the country, described ARCS as one of the major humanitarian actors delivering services to a growing number of people in need and a huge contributor to the collective humanitarian efforts pursued in conjunction with other NGOs. This aid official expressed surprise that Khalis would be singled out for censorship despite his Taliban affiliation, saying he had never held a gun, and expressed concern over the potential to impede lifesaving humanitarian work. For sure the ARCS is using Facebook as a tool of communication with the public, this source continued. If [the blacklisting] has an effect it will be negative for Afghanistan, they added.
Secretary General of the Afghan Red Crescent Society Mawlawi Matiul Haq Khalis, right, attends a handover ceremony for donated supplies in Kabul, Afghanistan, on Dec. 21, 2021.
Photo: Saifurahman Safi/Getty Images)
Facebooks designation of Khalis, considered in a vacuum, is unsurprising. The companys Dangerous Organizations and Individuals roster generally mirrors the foreign policy stances of the United States, blacklisting federally sanctioned and terror-designated entities like the Taliban as a matter of course while granting great latitude to Western allies. In Afghanistan, Facebooks near-total mimicry of State Department decision-making has meant that the ruling government of a sovereign country, as repressive of its own people and despised as it may still be in the U.S., is unable to freely use the internet to communicate with its citizenry. The U.S. government and Facebook share not only a common dilemma over how to treat the Taliban now that the group has won the war and assumed control of the country, but seem to be taking the same punitive approach to that matter. Just as the Biden administration continues to punish the Taliban at the expense of the people of Afghanistan by withholding billions of dollars in frozen cash, Facebook now sanctions the head of one of Afghanistans most important humanitarian organizations at a time when Afghans are selling their kidneys to avoid starvation. It goes without saying that the Red Crescent plays a crucial humanitarian role in Afghanistans ongoing armed conflicts, added Smith.
John Sifton, Asia advocacy director at Human Rights Watch, told The Intercept that he doubted the blacklisting would have a significant impact on relief efforts inside the country, given the relatively small scope of the ARCS compared to larger international organizations. Its not going to somehow significantly impact their operations or outreach, he said. Its more illustrative of Facebook having a policy that doesnt make a lot of sense. Sifton questioned the extent to which letting people speak freely of Khalis would endanger anyone or anything. How is he dangerous? Hes like 65 years old. He has no militia. His father was a mujahedeen commander, but what is the problem here? Sifton pointed to groups that are actively using the platform to incite violence. There are hate guys in India that are spreading toxic anti-Muslim violence across Facebook, Hindu nationalist groups, hateful Buddhist groups in Burma, thats a real problem. Having Khalis online posting about how he cut the ribbon at a new hospital in Afghanistan, thats not part of the problem.
Facebook has at times defended the breadth of its blacklist by claiming, without evidence, that its legally required to censor discussion of certain entities in order to comply with U.S. sanctions law, though neither the ARCS nor Khalis are currently named in the Treasury or State Departments counterterrorism sanctions lists. And although the Taliban has an inarguably ugly human rights record and a long history of civilian brutalization, so do many governments left untouched by the Dangerous Organizations policy. The Dangerous Organizations and Individuals list is often criticized for its lack of flexibility and country-specific nuance, and though the company has shown that it is at times willing to make drastic exceptions, these exceptions generally also jibe with American policy determinations.
The fact that Twitter is doing the exact opposite tells you everything you need to know.
While Sifton is critical of Facebooks rigid censorship policies, he also assigns blame to scattershot and outdated federal anti-terror policies and dismissed the companys claims that it has any legal obligation to mimic them: The fact that Twitter is doing the exact opposite tells you everything you need to know. Sifton said that by following the absurdities of counterterrorism sanctions lists, Facebook is replicating the governments mistakes. While he emphasized that he was not defending the misogynist, authoritarian, rights-abusing Taliban, he questioned the notion that the aging mujahedeen of the 1980s still represent a danger to the global community. The Taliban was dangerous because they hosted Al Qaeda between 1996 and 2001, and Al Qaeda used their territory to plan 9/11 and all the guys who did that are dead, and all the Arabs they hosted are either dead or very old or at Guantnamo. To the extent that the Taliban writ large represents a genuine danger to Afghan civilians, its unclear how restricting global discussion of Khalis might help.
Facebook did not respond to a request for comment.
Khalis was added to the social networks blacklist alongside some two dozen other Taliban-affiliated individuals, including others in humanitarian or public health roles, like Afghanistans minister of public health, deputy minister of disaster management, and deputy minister of refugees. But unlike these latter offices, the ARCS is nongovernmental, part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement of humanitarian relief organizations.
In response to a request for comment, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies provided a statement from ARCS ActingSecretary General Mohammad Nabi Burhan, stating that the Taliban government has not affected the groups mission or ongoing work. The Afghan Red Crescent Society delivers impartial, neutral and independent humanitarian services across all provinces in Afghanistan, in its role as auxiliary to public authorities in accordance with the Statutes of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, he wrote. Afghan Red Crescent Society has been operating under a new leadership since October 2021. It is not unusual for changes in leadership of a Red Cross or Red Crescent National Society to follow a change in leadership at a national level.
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Facebook Bans Head of Afghanistan's Red Crescent Society - The Intercept