Archive for the ‘Censorship’ Category

Microsoft Bing Reverses Sex-Related Censorship in the Middle East – EFF

Imagine trying to do online research on breast cancer, or William S. Burroughs famous novel Naked Lunch, only to find that your search results keep coming up blank. This is the confounding situation that faced Microsoft Bing users in the Middle East and North Africa for years, made especially confusing by the fact that if you tried the same searches on Google, it did offer results for these terms.

Problems caused by the voluntary blocking of certain terms by intermediaries are well-known; just last week, we wrote about how payment processors like Venmo are blocking payments from users who describe the payments using certain termslike Isis, a common first name and name of a heavy metal band, in addition to its usage as an acronym for the Islamic State. Such keyword-based filtering algorithms will inevitably results in overblocking and false positives because of their disregard for the context in which the words are used.

Search engines also engage in this type of censorshipin 2010, I co-authored a paper [PDF] documenting how Microsoft Bing (brand new at the time) engaged in filtering of sex-related terms in the Middle East and North Africa, China, India, and several other locations by not allowing users to turn off safe search. Despite the paper and various advocacy efforts over the years, Microsoft refused to budge on thisuntil recently.

At RightsCon this year, I led a panel discussion about the censorship of sexuality online, covering a variety of topics from Facebooks prudish ideas about the female body to the UKs restrictions on non-conventional sex acts in pornography to Icelands various attempts to ban online pornography. During the panel, I also raised the issue of Microsofts long-term ban on sexual search terms in the Middle East, noting specifically that the companys blanket ban on the entire region seemed more a result of bad market research than government interference, based on the fact that a majority of countries in the MENA region do not block pornography, let alone other sexual content.

Surprisingly, not long after the conference, I did a routine check of Bing and was pleased to discover that Middle East had disappeared from the search engines location settings, replaced with Saudi Arabia. The search terms are still restricted in Saudi Arabia (likely at the request of the government), but users in other countries across the diverse region are no longer subject to Microsofts safe search. Coincidence? It's hard to say; just as we didn't know Microsoft's motivations for blacklisting sexual terms to begin with, it was no more transparent about its change of heart.

Standing up against this kind of overbroad private censorship is importantcompanies shouldnt be making decisions based on assumptions about a given market, and without transparency and accountability. Decisions to restrict content for a particular reason should be made only when legally required, and with the highest degree of transparency possible. We commend Microsoft for rectifying their error, and would like to see them continue to make their search filtering policies and practices more open and transparent.

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Microsoft Bing Reverses Sex-Related Censorship in the Middle East - EFF

China users report WhatsApp disruption amid censorship fears – ABC News

Users of WhatsApp in China and security researchers have reported widespread service disruptions amid fears that the popular messaging service may be at least partially blocked by authorities in the world's most populous country.

WhatsApp users in China reported Tuesday on other social media platforms that the app was partly inaccessible unless virtual private network software was used to circumvent China's censorship apparatus, known colloquially as The Great Firewall.

WhatsApp, which is owned by Facebook and offers end-to-end encryption, has a relatively small but loyal following among users seeking a greater degree of privacy from government snooping than afforded by popular domestic app WeChat, which is ubiquitous but closely monitored and filtered.

Questions over WhatsApp's status come at a politically fraught time in China. The government is in the midst of preparing for a sensitive party congress while Chinese censors this week revved up a sprawling effort to scrub all mention of Liu Xiaobo, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate who died Thursday in government custody.

A report this week by the University of Toronto's Citizen Lab detailed how Chinese censors were able to intercept, in real time, images commemorating Liu in private one-on-one chats on WeChat, a feat that hinted at the government's image recognition capabilities.

It appeared that pictures were also the focus of the move to censor WhatsApp. Late Tuesday, users in China could send texts over WhatsApp without the use of VPNs, but not images.

Nadim Kobeissi, a cryptography researcher based in Paris who has been investigating the WhatsApp disruption, said he believed The Great Firewall was only blocking access to WhatsApp servers that route media between users, while leaving servers that handle text messages untouched. He said voice messages also appeared to be blocked.

But there was no evidence to suggest that Chinese authorities were decrypting WhatsApp messages, Kobeissi added.

A Chinese censorship researcher known by his pseudonym Charlie Smith said authorities appeared to be blocking non-text WhatsApp messages wholesale precisely because they have not been able to selectively block content on the platform like they have with WeChat, which is produced by Shenzhen-based internet giant Tencent and legally bound to cooperate with Chinese security agencies.

Because WhatsApp content is encrypted, "they have moved to brute censor all non-text content," Smith said in an email. "It would not be surprising to find that everything on WhatsApp gets blocked, forcing users in China to use unencrypted, monitored and censored services like WeChat."

Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang said he had no information on the issue when asked by reporters on Tuesday.

Facebook did not immediately respond to a request for comment. WhatsApp is one of the world's most widely used messaging services, with over 1.2 billion users.

Signal, another encrypted messaging service, appeared to also have patchy service with significant delays.

China has long blocked Twitter, Facebook and YouTube, with officials arguing that foreign social media services operating beyond their control pose a threat to national security. But authorities in China, as with other governments, are paying increasing attention to encrypted messaging apps.

After Beijing waged its largest-ever crackdown on human rights lawyers and activists in 2015, the People's Daily newspaper, the ruling Communist Party's official mouthpiece, singled out Telegram as the platform where lawyers the coordinated their activities. And in closely orchestrated and televised trials, the arrested lawyers read scripted confessions explaining how they used the apps to communicate freely with collaborators overseas.

Telegram has since been blocked, with many Chinese dissidents switching in recent months to WhatsApp.

The progressive tightening of messaging apps forces Chinese users to resort to domestic apps such as WeChat "to simply function and have day-to-day communications," said Kobeissi, the security researcher. "Then they can be monitored en masse."

Follow Gerry Shih on Twitter at twitter.com/gerryshih

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China users report WhatsApp disruption amid censorship fears - ABC News

Chinese censorship cracks down on WeChat, Weibo, WhatsApp – ZDNet

(Image: Citizen Lab)

Researchers at Citizen Lab have noticed a censorship crackdown on WeChat and Weibo in wake of the death of Nobel Peace Prize winner and human rights campaigner Liu Xiaobo last week.

The research group within the University of Toronto used a set of phones registered to WeChat with mainland Chinese phone numbers, and another set registered with numbers outside China.

By sending a number of messages to test which words were blocked, Citizen Lab concluded censorship from Beijing was "more expansive and blunt".

"Before his death, messages were blocked that contained his name in combination with other words, for example those related to his medical treatment or requests to receive care abroad," it said. "However, after his death, we found that simply including his name was enough to trigger blocking of messages, in English and both simplified and traditional Chinese."

"In other words, WeChat issued a blanket ban on his name after his death, greatly expanding the scope of censorship."

Citizen Lab also found Tencent-owned WeChat was blocking images referencing Liu Xiaobo throughout its services, and for the first time censoring messages between users.

The group's results showed 74 images were blocked on WeChat Moments, 26 blocked within group chats, and 19 blocked in direct messaging between users.

"It is unclear why only a subset of the images blocked on group chat were also blocked on one-to-one chat," Citizen Lab wrote. "It would be technically convenient to enforce censorship of the same sets of images in chat functions."

"One possible explanation is that censorship in smaller, more private spaces is most disruptive and noticeable to users as opposed to ones with larger audiences."

In all instances of censorship occurring on WeChat, the user is not informed that content is removed, Citizen Lab said.

The Chinese equivalent of Twitter, Weibo was found by Citizen Lab to be even more heavily censored.

Meanwhile, AP is reporting WhatsApp is partially blocked in China, with users unable to send images or voice messages via the service.

One service already banned in China, Telegram, had the prospect of a ban in Indonesia floated last week by Jakarta.

Telegram had too much content promoting radicalism, extremism and "hatred belief", and needed to be blocked to safeguard the "integrity" of the republic, Indonesia's communication ministry announced on Friday.

The web version of the messaging service can no longer be accessed in the archipelago, with preparations to also shut down the application if the company does not prepare standard operating procedures, the government said.

Telegram's CEO Pavel Durov said on Sunday the ministry had contacted them with a list of public channels with terrorism-related content but his team was "unable to quickly process" them.

Those channels are now blocked and it is forming "a dedicated team of moderators with knowledge of the Indonesian language and culture to be able to process reports of terrorist-related content more quickly and accurately".

Telegram, he added, had "several million" users in Indonesia.

As for the western world, Australia has made the running for the Five Eyes nations -- the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand -- on the topic of encryption and the problems it poses for law enforcement in recent weeks.

Last week, Australian Attorney-General George Brandis said draft legislation was being written to compel technology companies to turn over the content of end-to-end encrypted messages by the end of the year.

"Last Wednesday, I met with the chief cryptographer at GCHQ ... and he assured me this was feasible," Brandis said.

"What the government is proposing to do is to impose upon the companies an obligation conditioned by reasonableness and proportionality."

Brandis stated he believes the process of breaking into end-to-end encrypted messages can be done in almost real time, since GCHQ has told him it is possible.

On Friday, Turnbull told ZDNet that the laws produced in Canberra are able to trump the laws of mathematics.

"The laws of Australia prevail in Australia, I can assure you of that," he said. "The laws of mathematics are very commendable, but the only law that applies in Australia is the law of Australia."

With AAP

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Chinese censorship cracks down on WeChat, Weibo, WhatsApp - ZDNet

Ari Shaffir Moves from Censorship to Creative Control with ‘Double Negative’ – Splitsider

Ari Shaffirs new two-part special Double Negative hit Netflix today. Presented in two episodes, Children and Adulthood, the special is a sprawling look at where the comedian is at in life right now. Hes getting older, exploring his sexuality, and dealing with pressure from family and friends, all in front of the backdrop of a world that is kind of fucked. He breaks down the overarching message of the special like this: One side is what Im against, the other side is what Im for in this life Ive chosen. Ari and I had an in-depth chat about the development of the material, the business side of shooting your own special, and the difficult dance between comedy purism and Comedy Centrals censorship.

Your new special Double Negative is divided into two parts: Children and Adulthood. What led to you dividing this release into two separate sections?

Generally I try to have some kind of through line in my specials. Otherwise, I find it just becomes sort of a collection of bits, which is fine, but its sort of more like a Van Halen album than awhat is it, Sea Change by Beck?

Right.

Yeah, thats a breakup album. Theres a reason theyre all together. If you add another song in thereits like, Im going to save this one for myself because it doesnt fit. So I just need a through line, even if its just in my head. With this one I couldnt really center on a through line. The bits were sort of everywhere, unlinked. I had all this stuff on children and then I had all this other stuff that wasnt quite enough for a special. At the time, I was listening to a lot of Smashing Pumpkins because me and Big Jay (Oakerson) saw them at Rock on the Range in Columbus a few years before. It was so bad. It was just Billy Corgan. He had people that looked like the regular band and he played all of his old songs at double speed just to get through them. He just did it for the money. He walked half the crowd. I dont even know if I stayed for the whole thing. I was mad at him for a couple of years. Then I was like, Well, let me remember what I liked about them. So I started listening to the old albums: Gish, Siamese Dream, and Mellon Collie and the Infinite Sadness. That one is such a good album. I listened to it over and over again. As I was listening to it I thought, I could apply this to my special and have like a double album.

Then I started thinking about how to break this down in a twofer kind of way. One is all about children because thats the pressure Im getting from my family a little bit and my friends, who are like, Come on, man. Why arent you having a kid yet? Im getting more and more in my thoughts about why I dont want that. Theyre like, Why? Well, let me tell you why. The screaming and you being tired all the time is a negative. Plus, this positive thing that Im going through, you cant do if you have a wife and kids. You cant go to Thailand for two weeks and explore your homosexuality. Youre not going to have STD call drama with random girls. This is a life youve given up. Some of its good, some of its bad. It really started to form in my head that way. One side is what Im against, the other side is what Im for in this life Ive chosen.

Once the segments started to become clear in your head, how did you structure them for the stage, being that its essentially two shows worth of material?

I really worked it. I took it to Edinburgh. I started taking intermissions at the ones I did in Scandinavia. I wanted to see what it felt like to close on each one. Ive seen people do this thing when theyre getting ready for their late night sets where they do their five that theyre going to do for late night and then they keep going and do the rest of their 15-minute set. But you dont know what it feels like to close on your closer joke. So I was doing that. I would flip flop nights, doing adulthood first or children first and then take an intermission. It was going well, but then I talked to (Joe) Rogan about it and he said, Thats all well and good, but thats a Scandinavian crowd who might be used to that stuff. You try to do that in America and theyre going to revolt. Youve got to do it in America before you tape the special. So I started running it like that with little intermissions. I told the clubs to book me a 10 or 15-minute opener and then I ran an hour-and-a-half to an hour-and-45 until I felt like I had two strong closers and two completely free-standing, yet together, specials.

How much did the material change once you brought it back to the States?

It needed more jokes in there for sure. Edinburgh audiences are hoity-toity smart people who are willing to see things like that. I learned that the attention span here is not quite as long and I needed to throw some more tags in there. Theres also other things, like abortion material. Out there it didnt play very well. The attitude here that Ive found in people who are going to comedy clubs is that theyre for a womans right to choose, but then they also think something is wrong with you if youre doing it. You know what its like: I heard she had four abortions. Oh, what?! In the UK and Scandinavia its more just like a procedure if you have to get one, just get one, no big deal. So those jokes didnt hit as hard there, but when I got back here people were more shocked by them.

Where did you record these two sets?

Cap City.

Any reason in particular that you chose Austin?

I have a list of all of my favorite clubs and I want to shoot at all of them. My CD, my first release, was at the Comedy Works in Denver, one of the best clubs in the country. Then I went back to the original room at The Comedy Store, which is probably my favorite room. Then Cap City.

The two sections of Double Negative have slight variations in aesthetic, plus a wardrobe change.

I had to decide how I was going to shoot it. I didnt want two separate locations because I didnt want two separate specials. I wanted it more like a front side and back side. Chappelles special was two separate specials recorded years apart. I dont know why they put those together, to be honest. But theres a George Carlin album FM & AM. It was right after he became dirty and he was exploring his clean side and his dirty side. He had one clean album and one dirty album, like two sides of the coin. So I decided to do it at the same location, but make it a little different. Change the wardrobe, change the color scheme of the set.

This is your first time working with Netflix, which means you probably had to front the whole production and then shop it and sell it, right?

Yeah, it was a risk for sure. I was at the point where I didnt want tothe last special I did I got a call about two weeks before I shot. I was in Appleton, Wisconsin. I try to go up at really shitty clubs for two or three weeks beforehand. Sometimes I dont even tell people Im going, no promoting it at all. Ill just be like, Give me the minimum you would give somebody with no draw. Im not going to tell anybody Im here. I just want to get this stuff real sharp in front of people who dont know me.

So anyway, I was doing that in Appleton, which is actually a really good room, and I get this call saying, Hey, your closer that youre planning on doingwe cant show it. At first they were like, We have notes. I was like, I dont want notes. I dont want them. Keep them to yourself. If you want to cut stuff, cut stuff. They were like, Youre going to need to hear this. We cant show your whole closer. I was like, Why? They said it was just an S&P rule. It was some rule about how you cant describe the smell of a vagina or something like that. I had already worked on it the way I wanted to, so I had to figure out what I was going to close with. When they told me that, right then I thought, I cant ever let you have control over what I do again. As long as I have enough money where Im not destitute, Ive got to do it myself with no notes. Its my special, not anyone elses.

So I talked to my agent and manager and told them what I wanted to do and they said, You might lose a lot of money. I was like, Im willing to. I live like a fucking pauper. So I saved up enough money. This is why I saved up money not so I could take a vacation, but so I can do this, build my special the way I want. I figured if it didnt work I could make $10,000 of it back in iTunes sales and then, lesson learned, I cant do that anymore. But I did sell it. So now this is the way Im always going to do it. Get out of my way, let me do what I want, and then Ill show you what I have. Its like a painter or an artist. They just say, Heres my work.

I remember when Paid Regular came out on Comedy Central it was advertised as uncensored. It sucks to hear the backstory of you having to drop your closer. Your special was censored before it was even finished.

Its not the way comics are supposed to do things. Its like the show I did, This Is Not Happening. The first day we had a meeting where we had to go over the stories with the comics. I remember raising my hand in the meeting and being like, Well, we could go over their stuff with them or we could trust professional comedians to be prepared on their own when theyre doing comedy. They all kind of laughed. I was like, Its not funny. Let them do what they want. We shouldnt be giving them any notes. Im a comedian and I dont want to give them notes. Anyone else who is not doing it should never tell anyone. Get out of peoples way and let them be who they are. If they make a mistake, fine, thats on them.

I saw that you were doing an Off-JFL thing in Montreal. They have your show listed as Ari Shaffirs Renamed Storytelling Show. I assume that Comedy Central is keeping the rights to This Is Not Happening as they are bringing Roy (Wood Jr.) in. But what are your plans to continue doing the show the way you created it? Will you be taking it back to stages and

Ive always done it on stages. I never really stopped doing it throughout the year. I do it at the Bell House, different spots, festivals. Its like, whatever, man. Theyre not going to stop me from being a comic. Its like, fine, do whatever you feel that you have to, but Im going to keep going.

What are your plans once the special drops? Are you going to beef up touring or are there any other big projects in the works?

Im trying to build my next hour. Im trying to do it all about Judaism. Im building that slowly. Im writing stuff. I want to do a travel book. I want to do a roast battle in the Belly Room. You know, just fun stuff. I want to be home for a while. Im not going to start touring again until December or January. I want to build my new hour here in the city.

Originally posted here:
Ari Shaffir Moves from Censorship to Creative Control with 'Double Negative' - Splitsider

Disruption of WhatsApp in China triggers censorship fears – Christian Science Monitor

July 18, 2017 BeijingUsers of WhatsApp in China and security researchers have reported widespread service disruptions amid fears that the popular messaging service may be at least partially blocked by authorities in the world's most populous country.

WhatsApp users in China reported Tuesday on other social media platforms that the app was partly inaccessible unless virtual private network software was used to circumvent China's censorship apparatus, known colloquially as The Great Firewall.

WhatsApp, which is owned by Facebook and offers end-to-end encryption, has a relatively small but loyal following among users seeking a greater degree of privacy from government snooping than afforded by popular domestic app WeChat, which is ubiquitous but closely monitored and filtered.

Questions over WhatsApp's status come at a politically fraught time in China. The government is in the midst of preparing for a sensitive party congress while Chinese censors this week revved up a sprawling effort to scrub all mention of Liu Xiaobo, the Nobel Peace Prize laureate who died Thursday in government custody.

A report this week by the University of Toronto's Citizen Lab detailed how Chinese censors were able to intercept, in real time, images commemorating Liu in private one-on-one chats on WeChat, a feat that hinted at the government's image recognition capabilities.

It appeared that pictures were also the focus of the move to censor WhatsApp. Late Tuesday, users in China could send texts over WhatsApp without the use of VPNs, but not images.

Nadim Kobeissi, a cryptography researcher based in Paris who has been investigating the WhatsApp disruption, said he believed The Great Firewall was only blocking access to WhatsApp servers that route media between users, while leaving servers that handle text messages untouched. He said voice messages also appeared to be blocked.

But there was no evidence to suggest that Chinese authorities were decrypting WhatsApp messages, Mr. Kobeissi added.

A Chinese censorship researcher known by his pseudonym Charlie Smith said authorities appeared to be blocking non-text WhatsApp messages wholesale precisely because they have not been able to selectively block content on the platform like they have with WeChat, which is produced by Shenzhen-based internet giant Tencent and legally bound to cooperate with Chinese security agencies.

Because WhatsApp content is encrypted, "they have moved to brute censor all non-text content," Mr. Smith said in an email. "It would not be surprising to find that everything on WhatsApp gets blocked, forcing users in China to use unencrypted, monitored, and censored services like WeChat."

Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Lu Kang said he had no information on the issue when asked by reporters on Tuesday.

Facebook did not immediately respond to a request for comment. WhatsApp is one of the world's most widely used messaging services, with more than 1.2 billion users.

Signal, another encrypted messaging service, appeared to also have patchy service with significant delays.

China has long blocked Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, with officials arguing that foreign social media services operating beyond their control pose a threat to national security. But authorities in China, as with other governments, are paying increasing attention to encrypted messaging apps.

After Beijing waged its largest-ever crackdown on human rights lawyers and activists in 2015, the People's Daily newspaper, the ruling Communist Party's official mouthpiece, singled out Telegram as the platform where lawyers the coordinated their activities. And in closely orchestrated and televised trials, the arrested lawyers read scripted confessions explaining how they used the apps to communicate freely with collaborators overseas.

Telegram has since been blocked, with many Chinese dissidents switching in recent months to WhatsApp.

The progressive tightening of messaging apps forces Chinese users to resort to domestic apps such as WeChat "to simply function and have day-to-day communications," said Kobeissi, the security researcher. "Then they can be monitored en masse."

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Disruption of WhatsApp in China triggers censorship fears - Christian Science Monitor