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The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression is a book written by several European academics and edited by Stphane Courtois,[1] and documents a history of repressions, both political and civilian, by Communist states, including genocides, extrajudicial executions, deportations, and artificial famines. The book was originally published in 1997 in France under the title Le Livre noir du communisme: Crimes, terreur, rpression by ditions Robert Laffont. In the United States it is published by Harvard University Press.[2] The German edition, published by Piper Verlag, includes a chapter written by Joachim Gauck, who later went on to be President of Germany.

In the introduction, editor Stphane Courtois states that "...Communist regimes... turned mass crime into a full-blown system of government." He claims that a death toll totals 94 million. The breakdown of the number of deaths given by Courtois is as follows:

Courtois claims that Communist regimes are responsible for a greater number of deaths than any other political ideal or movement, including Nazism. The statistics of victims includes executions, famine, deaths resulting from deportations, physical confinement, or through forced labor.

Repressions and famines occurring in the Soviet Union under the regimes of Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin described in the book include:

Courtois considers Communism and Nazism to be distinct but comparable totalitarian systems. He claims that Communist regimes have killed "approximately 100 million people in contrast to the approximately 25 million victims of Nazis". Courtois claims that Nazi Germany's methods of mass extermination were adopted from Soviet methods. As an example, he cites Nazi state official Rudolf Hss who organized the infamous death camp in Auschwitz. According to Hss,

The Reich Security Head Office issued to the commandants a full collection of reports concerning the Russian concentration camps. These described in great detail the conditions in, and organization of, the Russian camps, as supplied by former prisoners who had managed to escape. Great emphasis was placed on the fact that the Russians, by their massive employment of forced labor, had destroyed whole peoples.

Courtois argues that the Soviet genocides of peoples living in the Caucasus and exterminations of large social groups in Russia were not very much different from similar policies by Nazis. Both Communist and Nazi systems deemed "a part of humanity unworthy of existence. The difference is that the Communist model is based on the class system, the Nazi model on race and territory." Courtois stated that

The "genocide of a "class" may well be tantamount to the genocide of a "race"the deliberate starvation of a child of a Ukrainian kulak as a result of the famine caused by Stalin's regime "is equal to" the starvation of a Jewish child in the Warsaw ghetto as a result of the famine caused by the Nazi regime.

He added that

after 1945 the Jewish genocide became a byword for modern barbarism, the epitome of twentieth-century mass terror... more recently, a single-minded focus on the Jewish genocide in an attempt to characterize the Holocaust as a unique atrocity has also prevented the assessment of other episodes of comparable magnitude in the Communist world. After all, it seems scarcely plausible that the victors who had helped bring about the destruction of a genocidal apparatus might themselves have put the very same methods into practice. When faced with this paradox, people generally preferred to bury their heads in sand.

The German edition contains an additional chapter on the Soviet-backed communist regime in East Germany, titled "Die Aufarbeitung des Sozialismus in der DDR". It consists of two sub chapters, "Politische Verbrechen in der DDR" by Ehrhart Neubert(de), and "Vom schwierigen Umgang mit der Wahrnehmung" by Joachim Gauck.[8]

The book has evoked a wide variety of responses, ranging from enthusiastic support to severe criticism.

The Black Book of Communism received praise in a number of publications in the United States and Britain, including the Times Literary Supplement, New York Times Book Review, Library Journal, Kirkus Reviews, The New Republic, National Review and The Weekly Standard.[9] Some reviewers compared the book to The Black Book, a documentary record of the Nazi atrocities by Ilya Ehrenburg and Vasily Grossman.[10]

According to review by historian Tony Judt in The New York Times:[9] "The myth of the well-intentioned foundersthe good czar Lenin betrayed by his evil heirshas been laid to rest for good. No one will any longer be able to claim ignorance or uncertainty about the criminal nature of Communism".

Anne Applebaum, journalist and author of Gulag: A History[9] described the book as "a serious, scholarly history of Communist crimes in the Soviet Union, Eastern and Western Europe, China, North Korea, Cambodia, Vietnam, Africa, and Latin America... The Black Book does indeed surpass many of its predecessors in conveying the grand scale of the Communist tragedy, thanks to its authors' extensive use of the newly opened archives of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe."

Martin Malia, writing for the Times Literary Supplement,[9] described the book as "the publishing sensation in France... detailing Communism's crimes from Russia in 1917 to Afghanistan in 1989... [The Black Book of Communism] gives a balance sheet of our present knowledge of Communism's human costs, archivally based where possible, and otherwise drawing on the best secondary works, and with due allowance for the difficulties of quantification."

The Council of Europe based its Resolution 1481, which condemned totalitarian communist regims, upon the figures from the book.[citation needed]

The authors of the book have been criticized. Professor Peter Kenez of the University of California, Santa Cruz wrote about what he says are historical inaccurate statements:[11]" Werth can also be an extremely careless historian. He gives the number of Bolsheviks in October 1917 as 2,000, which is a ridiculous underestimate. He quotes from a letter of Lenin to Aleksandr Shliapnikov and gives the date as 17 October 1917; the letter could hardly have originated at that time, since in it Lenin talks about the need to defeat the Tsarist government, and turn the war into a civil conflict. He gives credit to the Austro-Hungarian rather than the German army for the conquest of Poland in 1915. He describes the Provisional Government as "elected."

Left-wing[12] French journalist Gilles Perrault, writing in an op-ed in Le Monde diplomatique has accused the authors of having used incorrect data and of having manipulated figures.[13] On the other hand, some of the estimates given in the Black Book have been deemed "too conservative". For example, regarding the Soviet famine of 194648, Michael Ellman wrote "In their black book, Courtois et al. (1997, pp.25864) do discuss the famine. The number of victims they give, however, while correct (at least 500,000) is formulated in an extremely conservative way, since the actual number of victims was much larger."[14]

Two of the Black Book's contributors, Nicolas Werth and Jean-Louis Margolin, sparked a debate in France when they publicly disassociated themselves from Courtois's statements in the introduction about the scale of Communist terror. They felt he was obsessed with arriving at a total of 100 million killed. They also argued that, based on the results of their studies one can estimate the total number of the victims of the Communist abuse in between 65 and 93 million.[15]

In his review of the book, the communist historian Jean-Jacques Becker also criticized Courtois' numbers as rather arbitrary and as having "zero historical value" (Fr. "La valeur historique est nulle") for adding up deaths due to disparate phenomena (Fr. "additionner des carottes et des navets", i.e. adding apples and oranges). Becker went further and accused Courtois of being an activist (Fr. "combattant").[16]

Some have argued that the book's account of violence is one-sided. Amir Weiner of Stanford University characterizes the "Black Book" as seriously flawed, inconsistent, and prone to mere provocation. In particular, the authors are said to savage Marxist ideology.[17] The methodology of the authors has been criticized. Alexander Dallin writes that moral, legal, or political judgement hardly depends on the number of victims.[18] The Trotskyist Daniel Bensad argued that a similar chronicle of violence and death tolls can be constructed from an examination of colonialism and capitalism in the 19th and 20th centuries.[19]

Historian J. Arch Getty noted that famine accounted for a significant part of Courtois's 100 million death toll. He believes that these famines were caused by the "stupidity or incompetence of the regime," and that the deaths resulting from the famines, as well as other deaths that "resulted directly or indirectly from government policy," should not be counted as if they were equivalent to intentional murders and executions.[20]

Mark Tauger disagrees with the authors' thesis that the famine of 1933 was artificial and genocidal. Tauger asserts that the authors' interpretation of the famine contains errors, misconceptions, and omissions that invalidate their arguments.[21] However, the historian James Mace wrote that Mark Tauger's view of the famine "is not taken seriously by either Russians or Ukrainians who have studied the topic."[22] Moreover, Stephen Wheatcroft, author of The Years of Hunger, claims Tauger's view represents the opposite extreme in arguing the famine was totally accidental.[23]

Although Vladimir Tismneanu argued that the Black Book's comparison between Communism and Nazism was both morally and scholarly justifiable,[24] some others have rejected the comparison.[25] According to Werth, there was still a qualitative difference between Nazism and Communism. He told Le Monde, "Death camps did not exist in the Soviet Union",[20] and "The more you compare Communism and Nazism, the more the differences are obvious."[26]

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The Black Book of Communism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following isa list ofCurrent Communist Goals asrevealed by Dr. Cleon Skousen in The Naked Communist, written in 1958 and read into the Congressional Record in 1963. Of the 45, I can provide specific examples to at least 40 of them. While they may be masqueraded under the guise of something other than communism, the final result is the same the dissolution of the Constitutional Republic that is the foundation of the United States of America. Its interesting that the Representative was a member of the Democratic Party, the very party that has been largely enveloped by those with Communist and Socialist beliefs. Lets see where we are in 2013. As you read, keep in mind that this list was written in 1958.

Congressional RecordAppendix, pp. A34-A35 January 10, 1963

Current Communist Goals

EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. A. S. HERLONG, JR., (D) OF FLORIDA

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

Thursday, January 10, 1963

Mr. HERLONG. Mr. Speaker, Mrs. Patricia Nordman of De Land, Fla., is an ardent and articulate opponent of communism, and until recently published the De Land Courier, which she dedicated to the purpose of alerting the public to the dangers of communism in America.

At Mrs. Nordmansrequest, I include in the RECORD, under unanimous consent, the following Current Communist Goals, which she identifies as an excerpt from The Naked Communist, by Cleon Skousen:

[From The Naked Communist, by Cleon Skousen]

CURRENT COMMUNIST GOALS

1. U.S. acceptance of coexistence as the only alternative to atomic war. (CHECK. Presidents (both parties) have routinely supportedU.N. measures that subject our sovereign power to the U.N.)

2. U.S. willingness to capitulate in preference to engaging in atomic war. (CHECK. #44 has made a systematic effort to decrease the U.S. number of nuclear warheads while our enemies continue to grow theirs.)

3. Develop the illusion that total disarmament [by] the United States would be a demonstration of moral strength. (CHECK. #44 not only apologizes for our strengths, but works to undermine them in the name of moral strength.)

4. Permit free trade between all nations regardless of Communist affiliation and regardless of whether or not items could be used for war. (CHECK.)

5. Extension of long-term loans to Russia and Soviet satellites. (CHECK. Lets understand this does not refer to satellites in the sky, but to governments supportive of Communist Russias agenda. Currently, these would be the governments who embrace totalitarian regimes.)

6. Provide American aid to all nations regardless of Communist domination. (CHECK. Currently this refers not only to Communist domination, but also to Radical Islamic domination, i.e. Al Qaeda, Taliban, Hamas, etc.)

7. Grant recognition of Red China. Admission of Red China to the U.N. (CHECK. 1971)

8. Set up East and West Germany as separate states in spite of Khrushchevs promise in 1955 to settle the German question by free elections under supervision of the U.N. (CHECK. 1961 remember, this list was written in 1958.)

9. Prolong the conferences to ban atomic tests because the United States has agreed to suspend tests as long as negotiations are in progress. (CHECK. Even in 2013 the conference is still going on.)

10. Allow all Soviet satellites individual representation in the U.N. (CHECK, whatare now Belarus and Ukraine were Soviet satellites until gaining their independence in 1991.)

11. Promote the U.N. as the only hope for mankind. If its charter is rewritten, demand that it be set up as a one-world government with its own independent armed forces. (Some Communist leaders believe the world can be taken over as easily by the U.N. as by Moscow. Sometimes these two centers compete with each other as they are now doing in the Congo.) (CHECK. Agenda 21.)

12. Resist any attempt to outlaw the Communist Party. (CHECK is it illegal? Nope, these days we are surrounded by mindless twits who think Socialism is Cool.)

13. Do away with all loyalty oaths. (CHECK. Note the continued degradation of The Pledge of Allegiance and the systematic removal from schools and community government events.)

14. Continue giving Russia access to the U.S. Patent Office. (CHECK. Not only does Russia have access, the entire world has access via the USPTO website.)

15. Capture one or both of the political parties in the United States. (CHECK. The Democratic Party ideals are largely communistic in nature. Whether or not they want to recognize or admit it.)

16. Use technical decisions of the courts to weaken basic American institutions by claiming their activities violate civil rights. (CHECK, CHECK, CHECK. Too many examples to list.)

17. Get control of the schools. Use them as transmission belts for socialism and current Communist propaganda. Soften the curriculum. Get control of teachers associations. Put the party line in textbooks. (CHECK, and none are so insidious as the NEA.)

18. Gain control of all student newspapers. (CHECK.Control the schools,control their media.)

19. Use student riots to foment public protests against programs or organizations which are under Communist attack.

20. Infiltrate the press. Get control of book-review assignments, editorial writing, policymaking positions. (CHECK, CHECK, CHECK. Too many to list, but the December 30, 2012 Op-Ed favoring dumping The Constitution is a good example.)

21. Gain control of key positions in radio, TV, and motion pictures. (CHECK, CHECK, CHECK.)

22. Continue discrediting American culture by degrading all forms of artistic expression. An American Communist cell was told to eliminate all good sculpture from parks and buildings, substitute shapeless, awkward and meaningless forms. (CHECK. Look around. How many sculptures do you look at and ask, what the heck is that supposed to be?)

23. Control art critics and directors of art museums. Our plan is to promote ugliness, repulsive, meaningless art. (CHECK. Jesuson theCrossin urine, Mary surrounded by multiple buttockswith elephant dung, etc. all praised as art. I wont give the artists the dignity of mentioning their names.)

24. Eliminate all laws governing obscenity by calling them censorship and a violation of free speech and free press. (CHECK. Many of us remember George Carlins Seven Forbidden Words. While all of them can now be heard on cable channels, most of them can be heard on even network television.)

25. Break down cultural standards of morality by promoting pornography and obscenity in books, magazines, motion pictures, radio, and TV. (CHECK. In 1953, the word pregnant could not be said onthe I Love Lucy Show.We can all name shows where married couples had twin beds. Now, anything goes and what is on even network television used to be referred to as pornography.)

26. Present homosexuality, degeneracy and promiscuity as normal, natural, healthy. (CHECK, CHECK, CHECK. The point here? Undermine the family unit and weaken the communityby creating single parent homes and non-reproductive couples. However, as many same-sex couples do have the desire to have children, this aspect of the mission has failed to a degree. The irony is that most isms consider homosexuality as offensive,however, as with anything else, itprovides a means to their ends and the homosexual population are too eager to join the cause without knowing the history behind the acceptance.)

27. Infiltrate the churches and replace revealed religion with social religion. Discredit the Bible and emphasize the need for intellectual maturity which does not need a religious crutch. (CHECK, CHECK, CHECK.)

28. Eliminate prayer or any phase of religious expression in the schools on the ground that it violates the principal of separation of church and state. (CHECK. The ACLU and atheist groupshave made this their primary mission. And the ignorance of the American people and the courts have allowed it to continue. THERE IS NO SEPARATION OF CHURCH AND STATE CLAUSE IN THE CONSTITUTION.)

29. Discredit the American Constitution by calling it inadequate, old-fashioned, out of step with modern needs, a hindrance to cooperation between nations on a worldwide basis. (CHECK. See #20. Even sadder, a few years ago, a dear friend of mine referred to The Constitution as just a 200-year-old piece of paper.)

30. Discredit the American Founding Fathers. Present them as selfish aristocrats who had no concern for the common man. (CHECK.)

31. Belittle all forms of American culture and discourage the teaching of American history on the ground that it was only a minor part of the big picture. Give more emphasis to Russian history since the Communists took over. (CHECK.)

32. Support any socialist movement to give centralized control over any part of the cultureeducation, social agencies, welfare programs, mental health clinics, etc. (CHECK. Wilson, FDR, LBJ, and the hits keep coming under #44s regime.)

33. Eliminate all laws or procedures which interfere with the operation of the Communist apparatus. (In progress. The EPA and onslaught of Executive Orders are two of the strongest examples of completely bypassing the checks and balances created in the Constitution.)

34. Eliminate the House Committee on Un-American Activities. (CHECK. Renamed to Internal Security Committee in 1969 and eliminated in 1975. In 1959 Truman called it the most un-American thing in the country today.)

35. Discredit and eventually dismantle the FBI.

36. Infiltrate and gain control of more unions. (CHECK. We all remember SEIUPresident Andy Stearns Marxist tribute when he announced Workers of The World Unite. Heres #44 saying his presidency will be for the SEIU.)

37. Infiltrate and gain control of big business.(CHECK. If you cant infiltrate, create your own. Think Global Warming and Green Energy.)

38. Transfer some of the powers of arrest from the police to social agencies. Treat all behavioral problems as psychiatric disorders which no one but psychiatrists can understand [or treat]. (CHECK to the 2nd statement. We all remember when it was widely accepted that some people are just plain mean. Now, the blame has to be shifted to some ethereal psychiatric disorder so that the person can be held harmless for their deeds.)

39. Dominate the psychiatric profession and use mental health laws as a means of gaining coercive control over those who oppose Communist goals.

40. Discredit the family as an institution. Encourage promiscuity and easy divorce. (CHECK. See 22-28. In 1950 there were 385,144 divorces.By 2009 that number hasjumped to 2,318,615.)

41. Emphasize the need to raise children away from the negative influence of parents. Attribute prejudices, mental blocks and retarding of children to suppressive influence of parents. (CHECK. Rather than raising children away from parents, this was accomplished through removing parental guidance in the home and the promotion of ideas like freedom of expression, being your childs best friend, removal of rules in the home by training parents that discipline was bad for their childs self-esteem, etc.)

42. Create the impression that violence and insurrection are legitimate aspects of the American tradition; that students and special-interest groups should rise up and use []united force[] to solve economic, political or social problems. (CHECK. Three words Occupy Wall Street.)

43. Overthrow all colonial governments before native populations are ready for self-government. (CHECK. If not all, certainly several. MauMauUprising anyone? Hmmm, what rings about the MauMau Uprising? Oh yes, it took place in Kenya, home of #44s father.)

44. Internationalize the Panama Canal. (CHECK. In 1999 the U.S. handed the Panama Canal over to the corrupt government of Panama. Panamasubsequently signed a 50-year lease for two ports at each end of the Canal with Hong Kongs Hutchison WhampoaCompany, run by Li Ka-shing, who is closely associated with the Beijing regime. This gave Chinas Communist Party de facto control over the most strategic waterway in the West.)

45. Repeal the Connally reservation so the United States cannot prevent the World Court from seizing jurisdiction [over domestic problems. Give the World Court jurisdiction] over nations and individuals alike. (IN PROGRESS. In the following year, 1959, Hubert Humphrey introduced into the Senate S. Res. 94 to repeal the Connally Reservation. This was followed by H. Res. 267 was introduced in favor of Humphreysbill. While no official repeal is found in the Congressional records it is widely known that #44 and his supporters favor acquiescing tointernational law in U.S. cases.)

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45 Communist Goals by Dr. Cleon Skousen (1958) | Disrupt ...

Mass killings occurred under some Communist regimes during the twentieth century with an estimated death toll numbering between 85 and 100 million.[1] Scholarship focuses on the causes of mass killings in single societies, though some claims of common causes for mass killings have been made. Some higher estimates of mass killings include not only mass murders or executions that took place during the elimination of political opponents, civil wars, terror campaigns, and land reforms, but also lives lost due to war, famine, disease, and exhaustion in labor camps. There are scholars who believe that government policies and mistakes in management contributed to these calamities, and, based on that conclusion combine all these deaths under the categories "mass killings", democide, politicide, "classicide", or loosely defined genocide. According to these scholars, the total death toll of the mass killings defined in this way amounts to many tens of millions; however, the validity of this approach is questioned by other scholars. As of 2011, academic consensus has not been achieved on causes of large scale killings by states, including by states governed by communists. In particular, the number of comparative studies suggesting causes is limited. The highest death tolls that have been documented in communist states occurred in the Soviet Union under Joseph Stalin, in the People's Republic of China under Mao Zedong, and in Cambodia under the Khmer Rouge. The estimates of the number of non-combatants killed by these three regimes alone range from a low of 21 million to a high of 70 million.[2][dubious discuss] There have also been killings on a smaller scale in North Korea, Vietnam, and some Eastern European and African countries.

Communist regimes "Communist regimes" refers to those countries who declared themselves to be socialist states under the Marxist-Leninist, Stalinist, or Maoist definition (in other words, "communist states") at some point in their history.

Scholars use several different terms to describe the intentional killing of large numbers of noncombatants.[3][4] The following have been used to describe killing by Communist governments:

Theories, such as those of R. J. Rummel, that propose communism as a significant causative factor in mass killings have attracted scholarly dispute;[23] this article does not discuss academic acceptance of such theories.

Klas-Gran Karlsson writes that "Ideologies are systems of ideas, which cannot commit crimes independently. However, individuals, collectives and states that have defined themselves as communist have committed crimes in the name of communist ideology, or without naming communism as the direct source of motivation for their crimes."[24]

According to Rudolph Joseph Rummel, the killings done by communist regimes can be explained with the marriage between absolute power and an absolutist ideology Marxism.[25]

"Of all religions, secular and otherwise," Rummel positions Marxism as "by far the bloodiest bloodier than the Catholic Inquisition, the various Catholic crusades, and the Thirty Years War between Catholics and Protestants. In practice, Marxism has meant bloody terrorism, deadly purges, lethal prison camps and murderous forced labor, fatal deportations, man-made famines, extrajudicial executions and fraudulent show trials, outright mass murder and genocide."[26] He writes that in practice the Marxists saw the construction of their utopia as "a war on poverty, exploitation, imperialism and inequality and, as in a real war, noncombatants would unfortunately get caught in the battle. There would be necessary enemy casualties: the clergy, bourgeoisie, capitalists, 'wreckers', intellectuals, counterrevolutionaries, rightists, tyrants, the rich and landlords. As in a war, millions might die, but these deaths would be justified by the end, as in the defeat of Hitler in World War II. To the ruling Marxists, the goal of a communist utopia was enough to justify all the deaths."[26]

In his book Red Holocaust, Steven Rosefielde argues that communism's internal contradictions "caused to be killed" approximately 60 million people and perhaps tens of millions more, and that this "Red Holocaust" the peacetime mass killings and other related crimes against humanity perpetrated by Communist leaders such as Joseph Stalin, Kim Il Sung, Mao Zedong, Ho Chi Minh and Pol Potshould be the centerpiece of any net assessment of communism. He states that the aforementioned leaders are "collectively guilty of holocaust-scale felonious homicides."[27]

Robert Conquest stressed that Stalin's purges were not contrary to the principles of Leninism, but rather a natural consequence of the system established by Vladimir Lenin, who personally ordered the killing of local groups of class enemy hostages.[28]Alexander Yakovlev, architect of perestroika and glasnost and later head of the Presidential Commission for the Victims of Political Repression, elaborates on this point, stating that "The truth is that in punitive operations Stalin did not think up anything that was not there under Lenin: executions, hostage taking, concentration camps, and all the rest."[29] Historian Robert Gellately concurs, saying: "To put it another way, Stalin initiated very little that Lenin had not already introduced or previewed."[30] Said Lenin to his colleagues in the Bolshevik government: "If we are not ready to shoot a saboteur and White Guardist, what sort of revolution is that?"[31]

Anne Applebaum asserts that, "without exception, the Leninist belief in the one-party state was and is characteristic of every communist regime," and "the Bolshevik use of violence was repeated in every Communist revolution." Phrases said by Lenin and Cheka founder Felix Dzerzhinsky were deployed all over the world. She notes that as late as 1976, Mengistu Haile Mariam unleashed a "Red Terror" in Ethiopia.[32]

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Quinton Figueroa: Re: ''All types of governments

3 years 11 months ago

''All types of governments have greedy people with self-interest'' There is a differance between a corrupt soul that is in self interest to a person who stands for a political ideology that is inherently self interest.

And which political ideology isn't inherently motivated by self interest? In many ways the collectivist ideologies are MORE in favor of self interest than capitalism. They make others do the work so they can get the resources for free. They don't want to do the work themselves. THAT IS SELF INTEREST. If collectivists weren't in it for themselves they wouldn't demand handouts -- they would take on their challenges and misfortunes. If collectivists weren't self interested they would be capitalists! Collectivists are always interested in an easier lifestyle without doing any of the work themselves, that is why they support it. Are you going self interested on me?

And how is self interest bad? What if my self interest makes other people's lives better? What if my lack of self interest makes other people's lives worse? It can go either way. Just because capitalism allows self interest doesn't mean it's bad. If you want to help other people in capitalism you can. You can do whatever you want. Are you afraid of freedom?

''Capitalism doesn't lead to corruption any more than any other form of government.'' Through capitalism, private corporations get more powerful and resourceful than anywhere else, and therefore use this in their media influences and most importantly, sponsorship/political party donations which without a political candidate in america cannot even run for a position without such financing.

So? This doesn't happen in socialism? This doesn't happen in communism? Lol. There is always corruption. Capitalism prevents corruption the best. If the corrupt capitalists aren't providing value and keeping the people happy they go bankrupt and say bye bye to their money.

If a capitalist takes control of the political system that is the people's fault. The people hold the cards. They can stop supporting that business. They can stop buying those products or services. They can choose not the be represented by the morons they put into office. This is called freedom 101.

''Economically capitalism is the best. That is why capitalists fund socialism, communism and fascism'' Talking out your bottom here frankly, there is no factual basis for this what so ever, the only way i could see you reach this conclusion is through americas role as a superpower on the financial market, with the value fo the dollar so strong. Americas role on the world market is simply through natural resources of the vast land and nothing to do with ideology. If anything evidence points towards the opposite for your belief. America is now financially dependant on China buying their goods. It even resorts to raiding other coutnries for oil to keep it's own economy afloat.

I am definitely talking out of my bottom here. But these people aren't:

Continued here:
Communism VS Socialism VS Fascism VS Capitalism Table ...

Stalinism is the means of governing and related policies implemented by Joseph Stalin. Stalinist policies in the Soviet Union included: state terror, rapid industrialization, the theory of socialism in one country, a centralized state, collectivization of agriculture, cult of personality, and subordination of interests of foreign communist parties to those of the Communist Party of the Soviet Uniondeemed by Stalinism to be the most forefront vanguard party of communist revolution at the time.[1]

Stalinism promoted the escalation of class conflict, utilizing state violence to forcibly purge society of claimed supporters of the bourgeoisie, regarding them as threats to the pursuit of the communist revolution that resulted in substantial political violence and persecution of such people.[2] These included not only bourgeois people but also working-class people accused of counter-revolutionary sympathies.[3]

Stalinist industrialization was officially designed to accelerate the development towards communism, stressing that such rapid industrialization was needed because the country was previously economically backward in comparison with other countries; and that it was needed in order to face the challenges posed by internal and external enemies of communism.[4] Rapid industrialization was accompanied with mass collectivization of agriculture and rapid urbanization.[5] Rapid urbanization converted many small villages into industrial cities.[5] To accelerate the development of industrialization, Stalin pragmatically created joint venture contracts with major American private enterprises, such as Ford Motor Company, that under state supervision assisted in developing the basis of industry of the Soviet economy from the late 1920s to 1930s.[6] After the American private enterprises completed their tasks, Soviet state enterprises took over.[6]

The term came into prominence during the mid-1930s, when Lazar Kaganovich, a Soviet politician and associate of Stalin, reportedly declared, "Let's replace Long Live Leninism with Long Live Stalinism!"[7] Stalin initially met this usage with hesitancy, dismissing it as excessively praiseful and contributing to a cult of personality.[7]

Stalinism is used to describe period Stalin was acting leader of the Soviet Union while serving as General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party from 1922 to his death in 1953.

Stalinism usually denotes a style of a government, and an ideology. While Stalin claimed to be an adherent to the ideas of Vladimir Lenin and Karl Marx, and hence purported that his policies were merely a style of government, critics say that many of his policies and beliefs were different or in direct opposition to those of Lenin and Marx.[9] Stalin's idea of Socialism in one country, and his turn to overt centralization were all in stark contradiction to the theories put forth by Lenin or Marx.[9]

From 1917 to 1924, Lenin, Trotsky, and Stalin often appeared united, but had had discernible ideological differences. In his dispute with Leon Trotsky, Stalin de-emphasized the role of workers in advanced capitalist countries (for example, he considered the U.S. working class as "bourgeoisified" labour aristocracy). Also, Stalin polemicized against Trotsky on the role of peasants, as in China, whereas Trotsky's position was in favor of urban insurrection over peasant-based guerrilla warfare.

While traditional Communist thought holds that the state will gradually "wither away" as the implementation of socialism reduces class distinction, Stalin argued that the state must become stronger before it can wither away. In Stalin's view, counterrevolutionary elements will try to derail the transition to full Communism, and the state must be powerful enough to defeat them. For this reason, Communist regimes influenced by Stalin have been widely described as totalitarian.

Soviet puppet Sheng Shicai extended Stalinist rule in Xinjiang province in the 1930s. Stalin opposed the Chinese Communist Party, and Sheng conducted a purge similar to Stalin's Great Purge in 1937.[10]

Stalin blamed the Kulaks as the inciters of reactionary violence against the people during the implementation of agricultural collectivisation.[11] In response, the state under Stalin's leadership initiated a violent campaign against the Kulaks, which has been labeled as "classicide".[12]

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