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Frederick Engels 1847

Written: October-November 1847; Source: Selected Works, Volume One, p. 81-97, Progress Publishers, Moscow, 1969; First Published: 1914, Eduard Bernstein in the German Social Democratic Partys Vorwrts!; Translated: Paul Sweezy; Transcribed: Zodiac, MEA 1993; marxists.org 1999; HTML Markup: Brian Baggins; Proofed: and corrected by Andy Blunden, February 2005.

Document Introduction.

Communism is the doctrine of the conditions of the liberation of the proletariat.

The proletariat is that class in society which lives entirely from the sale of its labor and does not draw profit from any kind of capital; whose weal and woe, whose life and death, whose sole existence depends on the demand for labor hence, on the changing state of business, on the vagaries of unbridled competition. The proletariat, or the class of proletarians, is, in a word, the working class of the 19th century.[1]

No. There have always been poor and working classes; and the working class have mostly been poor. But there have not always been workers and poor people living under conditions as they are today; in other words, there have not always been proletarians, any more than there has always been free unbridled competitions.

The Proletariat originated in the industrial revolution, which took place in England in the last half of the last (18th) century, and which has since then been repeated in all the civilized countries of the world.

This industrial revolution was precipitated by the discovery of the steam engine, various spinning machines, the mechanical loom, and a whole series of other mechanical devices. These machines, which were very expensive and hence could be bought only by big capitalists, altered the whole mode of production and displaced the former workers, because the machines turned out cheaper and better commodities than the workers could produce with their inefficient spinning wheels and handlooms. The machines delivered industry wholly into the hands of the big capitalists and rendered entirely worthless the meagre property of the workers (tools, looms, etc.). The result was that the capitalists soon had everything in their hands and nothing remained to the workers. This marked the introduction of the factory system into the textile industry.

Once the impulse to the introduction of machinery and the factory system had been given, this system spread quickly to all other branches of industry, especially cloth- and book-printing, pottery, and the metal industries.

Labor was more and more divided among the individual workers so that the worker who previously had done a complete piece of work now did only a part of that piece. This division of labor made it possible to produce things faster and cheaper. It reduced the activity of the individual worker to simple, endlessly repeated mechanical motions which could be performed not only as well but much better by a machine. In this way, all these industries fell, one after another, under the dominance of steam, machinery, and the factory system, just as spinning and weaving had already done.

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The Principles of Communism - Marxists Internet Archive

communism,the political and economic doctrine that aims to replace private property and a profit-based economy with public ownership and communal control of at least the major means of production (e.g., mines, mills, and factories) and the natural resources of a society. Communism is thus a form of socialisma higher and more advanced form, according to its advocates. Exactly how communism differs from socialism has long been a matter of debate, but the distinction rests largely on the communists adherence to the revolutionary socialism of Karl Marx.

Like most writers of the 19th century, Marx tended to use the terms communism and socialism interchangeably. In his Critique of the Gotha Programme (1875), however, Marx identified two phases of communism that would follow the predicted overthrow of capitalism: the first would be a transitional system in which the working class would control the government and economy yet still find it necessary to pay people according to how long, hard, or well they worked; the second would be fully realized communisma society without class divisions or government, in which the production and distribution of goods would be based upon the principle From each according to his ... (200 of 6,145 words)

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communism (ideology) -- Encyclopedia Britannica

anon928625 Post 158

Communism is misjudged with lots of bad blood on its hands. The problem with these Utopians is that they believe that whatever is done, however horrible in the past, is forgivable for the immediate and prosperous future.

But Communism doesn't have to operate under a Democratic or Republican governmental platform, and neither does capitalism. The principals of its economics can operate the economy but politically it can be anything -- and that is the problem, really. Communism is really an economic and social system. It has a political feel to it, such as a one party state, but that is the basis to minimize infighting etc etc.

It can also be seen as an attempt to recondition people into different ways of thinking. Capitalism, on the other hand, is inherently greedy and forthcoming about it.

What phrase describes communism in a nutshell?

@post 145: So you think it's right for government to make all decisions for you? Research if and see if Cuba is doing well.

I believe in Communism. I also believe in all humans in the world. But the main problem is actually our parents and their parent. No child is born to this world with greed. Greed is something other people teach you and in that way, greed is a human invention.

Communism works the day people dare to open their minds, hearts and everything there is to open, and lay down all kinds of judgment. The problem here is also that the USA would do anything to stop communism, because the USA is led by people who like having a lot of money.

Real communism will come some day, but we will all probably be dead by then. But I really hope they one day figure it out, because greed is not in my mind and if it is not in mine, is there not a chance it will spread? Well I most certainly hope so. But again, as the world is now, communism will never work, and the beginning of world wide communism would have to be fitted to every area, but in time they all would work for a common goal and the science will move a lot faster than it does today.

Well, I would love to go outside, just take the first bike I see, and then be on my way. If I were to go far, I would take a car, which would be shared among all people. If I had to travel far, I would go by train, boat or plane, and when I reached my destination, I would take a random car of my liking and just drive off into the sunset.

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What is Communism? (with pictures) - wiseGEEK

By Sara Malm

Published: 06:59 EST, 15 April 2014 | Updated: 11:21 EST, 15 April 2014

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A photographer spent four years travelling across the former Soviet Union, taking pictures of the grand new buildings constructed since the fall of Communism.

Frank Herfort captured the nouveau imperial splendour in the ex-USSR after driving across Russia and former Soviet republics like Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan and Belarus, between 2009 and 2013.

Architects, it seems, are encouraged to be as bold as possible, as his images show.

You feel that each building wants to scream out, that I'm the best, the biggest, the richest. It is now more a question of prestige, which didnt play any role in the Soviet times, says Herfort, from Germany.

At first I wasnt sure whether I liked these skyscrapers, but the more of them I saw, the more I enjoyed the playful way they simply combined eras such as classicism, Stalinism, the avant-garde, and a touch of Lego.

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Frank Herfort captures post-Soviet projects constructed since the fall of Communism