Archive for the ‘Culture Wars’ Category

Coronavirus wont kill the culture wars – Spiked

Even in the face of this crisis, the identitarians are doubling down.

In early March, more than 300 employees at the Guardian signed an open letter to the editor Katharine Viner to protest against the publication of supposedly anti-trans material. The catalyst was Suzanne Moores article on the deplatforming of Professor Selina Todd at Oxford University, an action that had been justified by the organisers on the grounds that Todd had previously spoken at a meeting of Womans Place UK (a group that campaigns for separate spaces and services for women). The signatories to the open letter argued that by publishing Moores views, the Guardian was no longer a safe and welcoming workplace for trans and non-binary people. To complain to ones employer about feeling unsafe has become a standard manoeuvre among those who have little tolerance for the opinions of others.

Many are now asking whether in the midst of a global pandemic in which the notion of safety has been temporarily restored to its original definition such tactics can still be effective. The problem has never been with the cry-bullies of the social-justice movement who disingenuously claim that their safety is compromised by alternative viewpoints, but rather with those in authority who capitulate to their demands. When activists called for the removal of the statue of colonialist Cecil Rhodes at Oriel College, Oxford, part of their strategy was to insist that it was a form of violence to expect black students to walk in its vicinity. The statue remains in place because the university authorities had the courage not to defer to this kind of entitlement. The same cannot be said for the plaques commemorating the visit of King Leopold II of Belgium to Queen Mary University in London, which were removed because of his tyrannical reign in the Congo after a student outcry about 130 years too late.

It should go without saying that nobodys safety is being threatened by atrocities committed by long-dead historical figures. The language of physical harm is a rhetorical device intended to strengthen the case for ideological submission. More generally, the lexicon of social justice has a tendency to reduce individuals to their corporeal substance; we hear this in phrases such as female bodies, black bodies or queer bodies, a strangely dehumanising choice of words. Similarly, those who challenge the content of LGBT sex education at schools are accused of erasing gay people and somehow denying their very existence. Even the phrase brothers and sisters can be reframed as genocidal. As one activist put it, When you say brothers and sisters, youre erasing non-binary, two-spirit, and gender-expansive trans folks who live beyond the binary. Constantly being erased is exhausting.

With the coronavirus death toll rising, and the NHS struggling to cope with the rate of infections, claims that mainstream opinions are tantamount to erasure, violence and a threat to peoples safety now seem more absurd than ever. Leftist identitarians who have spent the past five years having conniptions brought on by fantasies that we are living in a state of near-fascism, and insisting that thousands of relatively affluent people are nonetheless oppressed, are now being confronted with a glimmer of actual hardship. Might it be the case that intersectional identity politics will be fatally undermined by the spread of Covid-19?

Much as I would like to believe that the pandemic will put matters into perspective, I am also aware that the agents of the culture war are already well inoculated against the concerns of material reality. Even as governments around the world are imposing draconian restrictions to citizens liberty in order to curtail the spread of the virus, social-justice activists are busy claiming the impact will be most keenly felt by disenfranchised groups. An article in Salon declares that the pandemic has been accelerated by white male privilege and the racist white voters responsible for the Trump administration. A writer for Vice bewails the postponement of trans surgery in favour of coronavirus victims. Rolling Stone explains how social distancing could lead to a spike in white nationalism. CNN criticises Donald Trumps coronavirus task force for its lack of diversity. Australian senator Mehreen Faruqi calls it a gendered crisis that carries a disproportionate risk to women, in spite of the fact that men are statistically more likely to die. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez claims that deaths are spiking in ethnic-minority communities, and that Covid relief should be drafted with a lens of reparations.

Closer to home, the Metropolitan Police are urging members of the public to be on the lookout for hate crime related to the Covid-19 pandemic, and academics at Queen Mary University are calling for an intersectional view of the coronavirus pandemic. Not to be outdone, the African-American Policy Forum has just hosted a webinar to explore the intersectional failures that Covid lays bare. One participant, Professor Dorothy Roberts, even went so far as to argue that the spread of the virus had been caused by the current racial-capitalist system and that prisons with their disproportionate number of black inmates should therefore be abolished. It has become all too apparent that it would take an apocalyptic event of Biblical proportions to put an end to the culture war, and even then there would always be commentators available to denounce the plague of locusts for their heteronormativity.

This widespread reassertion of the values of intersectional activism is just one example of how the coronavirus pandemic is being interpreted as an opportunity to win ideological battles. Depending on who you read, the crisis either vindicates socialism or advances the case for capitalism. It either proves that the European Union is a failed enterprise or that Brexit was a mistake and must now be reversed. It will either bring us together and prove the inherent benevolence of humanity, or drive us apart and expose us as the self-interested creatures we always were. Somehow, this disease conveniently ends up proving whichever political or philosophical point wed prefer to make.

It is in our nature to see confirmation of our existing biases in the world around us. This is why, for the time being at least, we would be well advised to hold back on our prognostications. I make no secret of my hope that the cult of social justice will lose its stranglehold on our media, our arts, and our major educational, political and law-enforcement institutions. In a post-coronavirus world, is it conceivable that English faculties at top universities would yield to student demands to decolonise the curriculum of white male authors? Or that thousands of British citizens would be investigated by the police for non-crime? Or that art and literature would be judged primarily on the basis of their fealty to identitarian bugbears?

Although institutionally powerful, the agents of social justice have always been in the minority, and have been indulged largely because of their intimidatory tactics. I would like to think that in the wake of an actual crisis their more hysterical grievances will be treated with the insouciance they deserve, and that this seemingly interminable culture war will draw to a close. But in this respect I am probably as guilty as everyone else of assuming that the effects of the pandemic will confirm the views I have long advocated. Certainly in the short term, the clout of these culture warriors will be diminished. But I fear that it is wishful thinking to suppose that they wont find a way to turn this crisis to their advantage, and emerge more determined and vitriolic and authoritarian than ever before.

I hope Im wrong.

Andrew Doyle is a stand-up comedian and spiked columnist. He is doing a live tour with Douglas Murray in the spring, called Resisting Wokeness. Get tickets here.

To enquire about republishing spikeds content, a right to reply or to request a correction, please contact the managing editor, Viv Regan.

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Coronavirus wont kill the culture wars - Spiked

A COVID-19 culture war that can kill us – Newsday

As the coronavirus pandemic continues to burn its way through America and the world and millions hunker down in their homes, many of the cultural issues that only recently sparked fierce debate now seem oddly irrelevant.

Does anyone want to argue about politically correct language when were facing disaster?

These days, a safe space is one in which you are protected from a deadly infection, not from offensive ideas. Even the controversy over President Donald Trumps attempt to troll the media by using the term Chinese virus faded quickly. And while a few feminists have tried to claim that women are hardest hit by the pandemic even though more men aredying, no ones paying much attention.

But the culture wars havent gone away theyve only shifted focus. While the so-called social justice warriorson the left have mostly grown quiet, the culture warriors on the right have found a new battlefield in opposition to epidemic control measures. Its a stance that is not only divisive but actively dangerous.

For weeks, right-wing media figures such as radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh and Fox News host Laura Ingraham have been promoting a no big deal narrative about the COVID-19 epidemic (Limbaugh has even insisted that its nothing more than the common cold). They have also railed against stay-at-home orders intended to flatten the curve of the virusand curb the spread of the disease. Some have backed away from that position now that Trump seems to take the coronavirus seriously and has abandoned his plan to reopen America by Easter. Yet Limbaugh still insists that the epidemic is overrated and grumbling that our response to it is dictated by unelected health experts who are part of the insidious Deep State.

Conservative commentator, radio talk show host and frequent Fox News guest Jesse Kelly still rails against the quarantines on Twitter, warning that our economy is being turned into a smoldering wreckage. But the economy isnt Kellys only concern; he believes that the epidemic is an excuse for leftists to turn America into a progressive tyranny. Were reporting our fellow citizens to the police, deciding which businesses are allowed to open, and arresting pastors for having a church service, Kelly tweeted on Tuesday. Coronavirus is not the deadliest thing we imported from China.

Kelly has also connected the lockdown to his perennial theme of the liberal-driven decline of manhood in America: the lockdown, he says, shows that weve apparently become the scared suburban housewife society, cowering in our homes while being terrorized by the prophets of doom. The culture warriors seem to think that risking exposure to the coronavirusto save the economy is somehow akin to risking ones life in battle. Apparently, they still havent realized that in this war, a person who becomes infected can quickly become an unwitting enemy weapon.

Other pundits on the far right are stoking hate toward the progressive, multicultural cities that are seen as strongholds of blue America and that are hardest hit by the coronavirus. Sean Davis, a contributor to The Federalist a once-interesting conservative website that has become a home to crackpot conspiracy theories recently lamented on Twitter that the rest of the country was being shut down because New York City is a filthy, disease-ridden dystopia run by an incompetent communist.

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Its not just a matter of vile rhetoric. The coronavirus deniers actively encouragepeople to defy the quarantine and promoteconspiracy theories that depict the epidemic as a hoax.

This culture war could literally kill us.

Cathy Youngis a contributing editor to Reason magazine.

Cathy Young is a contributing editor to Reason magazine.

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A COVID-19 culture war that can kill us - Newsday

Is the coronavirus igniting a war of all against all? | TheHill – The Hill

As with all national crises, COVID-19 has stimulated calls for unity and sacrifices for the common good. And millions of Americans have responded magnificently. Health care professionals, first responders, and police officers have put their lives on the line. Unsung heroes include the 8,000 volunteers at Invisible Hands, an organization founded by two 20-somethings, who deliver groceries and supplies to people who are confined to their apartments or homes.

But, alas, there is considerable evidence as well that the fight against the novel coronavirus is also becoming a Hobbesian war of all against all, as individuals and groups compete with one another to survive. And, along with the virus, these (un)civil wars may well get worse before they get better. Unless we do a lot more to flatten their curves.

The generational divide: Politicians and public health officials are redoubling their efforts to get young people who believe they can shrug off the virus to practice social distancing. They have not yet been entirely successful. Dan Patrick, the Lt. Gov. of Texas, did not help matters when he suggested to Tucker Carlson of Fox News that senior citizens should be willing to put themselves at greater risk to open up the nations economy. My message, Patrick declared, is lets get back to work, lets get back to living... and those of us who are 70 plus, well take care of ourselves.

Competition and conflict between states: Because the federal government is playing catch-up and has declined to assume the responsibility for the manufacture and distribution of supplies, states have been forced to compete with one another, driving up the price of N95 masks, PPE, and ventilators. The competition is likely to intensify as coronavirus hot spots appear in more states if the federal government continues to drag its feet.

At the end of March, Gina Raimondo, the Democratic governor of Rhode Island, directed police to stop cars with New York State license plates and force drivers to self-quarantine for 14 days. Andrew CuomoAndrew CuomoOvernight Health Care: Trump calls report on hospital shortages 'another fake dossier' | Trump weighs freezing funding to WHO | NY sees another 731 deaths | States battle for supplies | McConnell, Schumer headed for clash Overnight Defense: Navy chief resigns over aircraft carrier controversy | Trump replaces Pentagon IG | Hospital ship crew member tests positive for coronavirus NRA reportedly lays off dozens of employees amid coronavirus MORE, the Democratic governor of New York, declared, I dont believe it was legal. I dont believe it was neighborly and threatened to sue. Raimondo replaced the directive with an executive order compelling visitors from any state arriving in Rhode Island by any mode of transportation for non-work purposes, to self-quarantine for 14 days.

Ron DeSantis, the Republican governor of Florida, issued a similar order for people entering his state from New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Louisiana. Checkpoints along Interstates 10 and 95 were reportedly backed up for many miles.

Because the virus is now present in every state, with community spread, these measures, which are difficult to enforce, may not do much good. But they will almost certainly be enacted by other states.

Exacerbating partisan polarization: When dealing with national disasters, political leaders usually set aside partisan differences. President TrumpDonald John TrumpCDC updates website to remove dosage guidance on drug touted by Trump Trump says he'd like economy to reopen 'with a big bang' but acknowledges it may be limited Graham backs Trump, vows no money for WHO in next funding bill MORE, however, has exacerbated partisan polarization during the coronavirus crisis. During a recent press briefing, Trump cited the complaints of three Democratic governors that he had not responded quickly enough to the crisis or federalized the production of ventilators and masks, and told Vice President Pence not to return their calls, demanding that state officials be publicly appreciative if they want help from the federal government.

Trump said he did not believe that N.Y. Gov. Andrew Cuomo really needed 40,000 or 30,000 ventilators. He made fun of Washington State Gov. Jay InsleeJay Robert InsleeCalifornia to send 500 ventilators to national stockpile Juan Williams: Governors lead as Trump flounders Feds send ventilators to coronavirus hot spots around country MOREs constant chirping about the shortage of testing kits and medical supplies. He blasted Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer, who had pushed for quick delivery of PPE, ventilators and an unfulfilled order of 225,000 masks. Trump seemed to tie his decision on granting Michigan national emergency status to the governors attitude. And in a tweet, he told Michiganders, Your governor, Gretchen Half Whitmer, is way in over her head, she doesnt have a clue. Likes blaming everyone for her own ineptitude!

This episode, reinforced by a multitude of similar comments from the president, raised concerns that he will play a partisan game of red and blue in determining who gets what and when, who lives and who dies.

Rekindling rural-urban culture wars: Culture wars between farmers and city-dwellers are as old as the republic. Think Thomas Jefferson. And William Jennings Bryan. Recall that in 1961 Sen. Barry Goldwater (R-Ariz.) opined that the United States would be better off if we could just saw off the Eastern seaboard and let it float out to sea. And that in 1983, the Rev. Jerry Falwell declared that AIDS is not just Gods punishment for homosexuals, its Gods punishment for the society that tolerates homosexuals.

Know as well that a survey conducted in 2016 before Donald Trump was elected found that 58 percent of Americans believe big cities are the least like the real America and 38 percent of Republicans believe New Yorkers have worse values than people in the rest of the country.

Might it then be appropriate to ask some hard questions which no one can now answer with certainty? How are Americans in the hinterlands responding to the carnage now being visited by the coronavirus on hotspots, all of which are in cities? How do they think it is being handled? Do they think that President Trumps claim that staff in New York hospitals are stealing masks is credible? If and when the virus descends on their communities, will they react differently? Who, if anyone, will they blame?

Glenn C. Altschuler is the Thomas and Dorothy Litwin Professor of American Studies at Cornell University. He is the co-author (with Stuart Blumin) ofRude Republic: Americans and Their Politics in the Nineteenth Century.

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Is the coronavirus igniting a war of all against all? | TheHill - The Hill

Coronavirus is the new Brexit another battlefield in the never-ending culture war – The Independent

Cooped up in my own little WFH lazaretto, Im spending too much time on Twitter. Then again, its all some of us have left after the pubs were cordoned off and normal human social interaction was replaced by something called Zoom.

It has its uses, though, Twitter, and I am struck by how many of the same vicious tribal divisions we suffered during the Brexit crisis are being reproduced in this Covid-19 crisis. The Leave and Remain armies havent been demobbed; they are regrouping to fight new battles, prosecuting the never-ending culture war in new theatres of combat.

To take a rather extreme example, I offer yesterdaysMail on Sunday spread I discovered it via Twitter, of course under the headline Did Barnier Infect BoJo? This is what my colleague John Rentoul calls a question to which the answer is no, or QTWTAIN. It referred to a meeting between Barnier and the UKs Brexit negotiating team, supplemented by a flowchart and no clinical or other evidence whatsoever.

Sharing the full story, not just the headlines

I suppose the answer to the question might better be: Maybe, but he might also have got it when he was shaking hands with everyone on a Covid-19 ward. In fact the writers surpassed themselves with a supplemental QTWTAIN in the opening paragraph: Could this be the ultimate revenge for Brexit?

It is indicative and telling in the easy conflation of Brexit and an entirely apolitical microorganism.

So what do we see now? Like Brexit, each tribe has its own dogma, heroes and experts. For the corona-sceptics the heroes are, once again, Boris Johnson and Donald Trump. The corona-sceptic dogma is that we should not sacrifice personal liberty and the economy in the name of what is probably an overstated threat best dealt with via herd immunity.

It has its favourite scientists and studies: the ones that are upbeat about finding cures and minimising the excess death toll, arguing that coronavirus is merely bringing deaths of those with underlying conditions forward a bit (so thats sort of all right then, it is implied). They like the studies such as the Oxford analysis that suggests many of us have had the disease without realising it.

There are outriders in this gang too, familiar to us from past arguments including Tim Martin who has implied that you cant get Covid-19 in a Wetherspoons pub. These people blame China for the Chinavirus, wanting a reckoning later on; they mock Brussels difficulties in coordinating EU member states. Their allies in the press write articles (such as that one in the Mail on Sunday) and think pieces entitled The self-pitying woke generation needed a war and in coronavirus theyve got one.

The other side, the corona-istes, criticise Johnson and Trump for being complacent, pointing to the better records of Germany and Korea in tackling the outbreak. They stress the deadly nature of the pandemic and point to Imperial College scientists who suggested that there would be maybe 250,000 deaths if the government didnt change course (which of course it did).

This tribe claim the trillions spent on rescuing the British economy during this unprecedented time shows that Jeremy Corbyn was right all along (he agrees), and that the wicked Tories left the NHS too weak to cope. They regret that the British didnt join the joint EU ventilator procurement programme, and their heroes are the clinical staff who speak out about shortages of masks and gloves.

The divisions cultural and generational are as visceral as they were under Brexit, but, so far, much less evenly matched. Unlike the painful irreconcilability of the 48-52 split, recent polls suggestthat Johnson is enjoying the support of three out four voters during this crisis, with a vast lead over his opponents. That is one reason why you shouldnt pay too much attention to social media, I suppose.

The irony is that the politicians themselves are, this time round, far more collegiate and consensual than the Brexit leaders ever were, and the two cultural tribes still are. The Tory Matt Hancock and Labours John Ashworth are like brothers in arms, constructively battling to defeat a common enemy.

Johnson, going out on the biggest spending spree since the Second World War, semi-nationalising the economy, has dropped the Venezuela socialism jibes against Corbyn. John McDonnell is not so far away from Rishi Sunak these days. Party politics has in effectbeen suspended, and the Brexit argument shelved.

Our political leaders, remarkably, seem to want to work together, stop the bickering and call a truce in the culture wars. Maybe they should point out to their various followers in the press and the keyboard warriors on social media that theres a ceasefire on?

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Coronavirus is the new Brexit another battlefield in the never-ending culture war - The Independent

Culture Wars and Class Wars – International Viewpoint

One author says for the Left to engage in culture wars means:

Whether dealing with matters of race, age, region, sex or sexuality, this is a framing of politics that essentially punches sideways rather than upwards.

As against this Finding common cause on a class basis is how reactionary ideas within the working class can be challenged[1]

Similarly, a curious editorial in the Morning Star, under the title A Culture War is No Substitute for Class Politics, takes John McDonnell to task for suggesting the Left needs to wage an online culture war against the Right, saying that:

McDonnell argues for a culture war which we can win with leading edge creativity. But that is no substitute at all for challenging the actual existing mechanisms by which corporate power is exercised.[2]

Which is a spectacular example of false counterposition.

But the essential argument of the down with culture wars Left is that finding common cause on class issues is the way that reactionary ideas can be defeated. This is simplistic and one- sided, and does not address the real situation in Britain or many other countries including the United States.

That reality is that culture wars have been imposed on the working class and the Left by the Right and the extreme right. This is not a new process, of course, but one that has been heightened recently by the surge of anti-immigrant xenophobia, which ensured the victory of the Yes vote in the 2016 referendum and the final conquest of the Conservative Party by its most right-wing faction. And that while of course trying to unite workers in struggle is a crucial background to defeating reaction, it is not enough.

In the era of Trump, Farage, Salvini and Johnson, the crucial weapons that have been used to divide the working class are anti-immigrant racism and xenophobia, as well as misogyny, homophobia and reactionary hyper-masculinity, some of which have gone deeply into sections of the working class. Fighting against these things is the specific form of the culture war that the Left has to wage. It would be much better if we did not have to, but this is the situation we face.

An anecdote. In 2001 I went to a Globalise Resistance conference in Hammersmith Town Hall. This was the period in which the global justice movement was surging internationally. A speaker from the American organisation Global Exchange said, to huge applause Were winning this one. Soon after, a giant global justice march, with hundreds of thousands expected, was scheduled for Washington on 15 September. But four days before it happened, the 9/11 attacks took place. In the atmosphere that followed, the organisers were compelled to cancel the march. What followed was a huge war drive and Islamophobic offensive by the Bush regime and the Right internationally.

This rightist offensive had a mixed effect in Europe. The 2002 European Social Forum in Florence was preceded by a giant march around anti-war and anti-neoliberal themes. The march was warmly welcomed by local people, who cheered and hung banners from blocks of flats on the route, something hard to imagine in Italy today.[3] In 2002 and 2003 a formidable international anti-war movement was built, not least the Stop the War Coalition in the UK which mobilised up to two million people in London the eve of the war.

But tragically even this level of opposition could not prevent war in the Middle East, especially given the near-unanimity of the Republican and Democrats in the United States. The wars in Afghanistan and Iraq set the scene for a giant Islamophobic campaign by the Right and the extreme Right, which became the cutting edge of racism in many countries, feeding into the anti-immigrant racist wave.

The wars also created hundreds of thousands of refugees, especially as the crisis without end for the people of Iraq, Afghanistan and then the people of Syria led to an inevitable attempt by many thousands to get to European countries.

At the same time massive poverty, combined with right-wing and drug gang violence, drove hundreds of thousands of Central Americans towards the US border. These immigrants were seized upon as a target by the extreme Right to generate mass racism, in Europe and the United States: this anti-immigrant xenophobia created the basis for Trump and the Brexit yes vote. Neither Obama, who deported three million illegal immigrants, nor New Labour figures like Gordon Brown (British jobs for British workers), fought the racist tide. Today Islamophobia remains the centre-piece of racism and xenophobia in Britain and throughout Europe especially in Italy. The Italian extreme right Lega party and its fascist allies in the Brothers of Italy have added anti-Roma racism, something that has gone widely across Europe from France to Hungary, and in the latter case a large dose of anti-Semitism has been added.[4]

Ten years ago many people on the Left thought that the battle against racism and for multiculturalism had been won, and that multiculturalism was becoming the dominant outlook of people in the UK.[5] But in 2020 that view must be challenged, especially after the upsurge of xenophobia around the Brexit vote. Recent opinion poll results show some alarming trends, for example that 47% of white people who voted Remain in the 2016 referendum say that wanting to reduce immigration to ensure white dominance is racist.[6] But only 5% of those who voted Leave agree. Overall 66% of voters who generally favour immigration say wanting to preserve white dominance is racist: just three per cent of anti-immigrant voters agree. These figures are reflected in similar opinion polls in the US. What do they tell us?

First, that voting Leave in the EU referendum strongly correlates with being anti-immigration, and that most often corresponds to being in favour of maintaining a white majority. But we knew that anyway. Contrary to what is imagined by Lexiteer tendencies, the 2016 referendum and its mobilisation of anti-immigrant, anti-European xenophobia, set the scene for the eventual takeover of the Conservative Party by the hard right, and then the Tory victory in the 2019 general election.[7]

Second, anti-immigration voters are increasingly comfortable with wanting to defend what they see as the special interests of the white majority, i.e. being more or less openly racist and openly repudiating multiculturalism.

But there is worse to come. White self-interest (aka racism) is increasingly seen in elite right-wing circles as perfectly respectable. For example, a recent report by Eric Kaufmann, Professor of Politics at Birkbeck College, published by the pro-Conservative Policy Exchange think tank, insists that racial self interest is not racism.[8] Apply that to white South Africans under apartheid or white Americans in the Deep South during the civil rights battles, and see what you get. A cover-up for racism, pure and simple. Kaufmans own research shows that white self-interest racism strongly correlates to voting Leave in 2016, or voting for Donald Trump in the same year. Why are we not surprised? Eric Kaufmans recent book incidentally is called Whiteshift.

Kaufmans report, warmly welcomed by Policy Exchange, parallels extreme right identarian ideas, as expounded by the small fascist group Generation Identity. The shocking thing is not that lots of Tories and other right-wingers hold effectively white supremacist ideas, but that they can be openly paraded and championed, giving an elite Conservative green light to all those who want an all-white Britain.

Identitarian ideas closely parallel the clash of civilisations theory put forward first by Bernard Lewis and popularised by Samuel Huntington.

Culture wars take place because in liberal democracies, however circumscribed civil liberties have become, the capitalist class and reactionaries in general want their ideas to be dominant. Indeed for the hard right to come to power and stay in power reaction has to have a mass base. The term culture war is just one way to describe the inevitable ideological clashes which the hard-right offensive internationally generates. As we have described above, racism and xenophobia have been key to the ascent of the hard right and fascists in the United States, Europe and beyond. But the grip of reactionary ideology on the outlook of millions of people involves much more than racism.

Divisions in the working class are constantly reproduced by misogyny and homophobia. The extent and precise configuration of these reactionary outlooks differs across different societies. For example, the rash of LBGT-free zones in Poland is based on a mobilisation of traditional Catholic culture, as is that countrys constant war against abortion rights. In the United States, it is much more for difficult for mainstream politicians to be openly anti-LGBT rights, although the Christian churches are. But anti-abortion sentiment is rampant on the right, and has led to the passing of anti-abortion legislation in 30 states. Donald Trump attended this years national pro-life demonstration, probably not because he has strong views on the issue, but because he wants to keep the Christian so-called moral majority onside in an election year.

To be labour movement or socialist activists in the United States it is impossible to merely try to unite workers around immediate issues and punch upwards. A specific fight has to be conducted on the issue of abortion rights, and in colliding with sections of the masses who hold reactionary ideas, will inevitably punch sideways. If this is part of a culture war, then it is one the Left has to wage.

How popular culture reinforces reaction was demonstrated by the success of Clint Eastwoods 2014 movie American Sniper, starring Bradley Cooper. The movie celebrates a US Marine sniper Chris Kyle, a psychopathic killer who was said to have shot 255 people in Iraq. The film merges anti-Arab racism, gun culture, militarism, misogyny and hyper-masculinity in a toxic, hate-filled orgy of American nationalism. Kyle was eventually shot dead by a fellow military vet suffering from post-traumatic stress at a shooting range in the US.

American Sniper had huge success in cinemas in the United States and elsewhere and afterwards on Amazon Prime. It eventually grossed more than half a billion dollars in box office receipts, with one of the most successful opening weekends ever.

The Guardians Phil Hoad reported on how the movie hit its target audience:

Whats clear from audience analysis is that distributor Warner Brothers hit a target-demographic bullseye one that has proved largely resistant to Iraq-war material thus far. Red-state America (i.e. states that vote Republican -PH) has been lapping up American Sniper, with eight out of the 10 top markets for the film in the south or midwest, like San Antonio, Oklahoma City, Houston and Nashville an unusual state of affairs for the average studio film. Fifty-seven per cent of the weekends audience was male, 63% was over 25. Specialist marketing lionising Chris Kyle, the most lethal sniper in American military history, drummed up an appetite for the subject matter via outlets like Fox News, military blogs and?Soldier of Fortune magazine.[9]

Figures which show a majority male, over-25 audience are very revealing. All over the advanced capitalist world extreme right and fascist parties appeal especially to older men although of course parties with a mass appeal get millions of votes not in that demographic.

Henry Giroux has described the kind of culture in American Sniper as a glorification of cruelty a society filled with violence and racism, mass shootings, contempt for and cruelty to the poor, militarised policing, and never-ebbing violence towards women, the Black population and LBGT+ people.[10]

Fighting this kind of culture involves numerous political and ideological fronts and political campaigns. The irreducible background to overcoming reaction is the struggle of the working class and its allies, often on economic and social questions directly associated with living standards and access to basic services like health and social care. But the Right has to be fought on its chosen terrains, even if it means fighting from a minority or unpopular position.

This is not something new in the socialist movement. In one of the founding texts of Bolshevism, Lenin insisted that social democrats i.e. revolutionary socialists had to confront every type of oppression and tyranny in order to develop the political consciousness of the masses. His words have a decidedly modern ring about them:

Is it true that, in general, the economic struggle is the most widely applicable?means of drawing the masses into the political struggle? It is entirely untrue. Any and every manifestation of police tyranny and autocratic outrage, not only in connection with the economic struggle, is not one whit less widely applicable as a means of draining in the masses. The rural superintendents and the flogging of peasants, the corruption of the officials and the police treatment of the common people in the cities, the fight against the famine-stricken and the suppression of the popular striving towards enlightenment and knowledge, the extortion of taxes and the persecution of the religious sects, the humiliating treatment of soldiers and the barrack methods in the treatment of the students and liberal intellectuals do all these and a thousand other similar manifestations of tyranny, though not directly connected with the economic struggle, represent, in general, less widely applicable means and occasions for political agitation and for drawing the masses into the political struggle? The very opposite is true. Of the sum total of cases in which the workers suffer (either on their own account or on account of those closely connected with them) from tyranny, violence, and the lack of rights, undoubtedly only a small minority represent cases of police tyranny in the trade union struggle as such. Why then should we, beforehand, restrict the scope of political agitation by declaring only one of the means to be the most widely applicable, when Social-Democrats must have, in addition, other, generally speaking, no less widely applicable means?[11]

In other words, we fight all oppression, everywhere. Not just things immediately able to unite the class.

Culture war is not only waged by reactionary mass media newspapers, TV shows, the Internet and films but is intertwined with a huge push on the intellectual front. Reaction wants to stamp out progressive, left-wing, feminist and above all socialist-Marxist thought in the colleges and universities. It understands that cadres won for the Left in universities and schools are invaluable resources for the future. It wants those young intellectual cadres for itself. And to this end it has created hundreds of think tanks and magazines devoted to pumping out reactionary theories. They are massively funded by billionaires like the Koch brothers.

In the United Sates, right wing think tanks like the Heritage Foundation, the Cato Institute, the American Enterprise Institute and many others dispose of multi-million-dollar budgets and employ hundreds of faculty staff researchers and writers. In Britain this role is played by organisations like the Adam Smith Institute, the Social Market Institute and the Centre for Policy Studies. Think tanks try to reach out not only into the universities, but especially the media and the government itself.

This is a culture war that cannot be evaded by the Left. It is aimed at undermining Marxism, feminism and multiculturalism, catching social democracy and Keynesianism in the cross-fire.

The culture war against social reaction is not something designed to divide the working class, but on the contrary is aimed at creating the preconditions for long-term unity in the working class and the oppressed in general.

11 March 2020

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Culture Wars and Class Wars - International Viewpoint