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WASHINGTON, D.C. In a new brief, nine Republican secretaries of state are asking the U.S. Supreme Court to take a case out of Pennsylvania pushing the independent state legislature theory, a radical legal theory that could upend American elections.

The friend of the court brief submitted Tuesday by Republican secretaries of state from Arkansas, Indiana, Louisiana, Mississippi, Montana, New Hampshire, Tennessee, Wyoming and West Virginia argues that President Joe Biden (D)s enactment of a pro-voting executive order violates the U.S. Constitution. Specifically, Republican secretaries of state argue that the policies of Executive Order 14019 usurp the states and Congresss legislative authority pushing the radical ISL theory.

The Republican secretaries of state are in the company of 11 Republican members of the U.S. House of Representatives and a far-right think-tank, the Claremont Institute, which also submitted friend of the court briefs in support of the radical ISL theory on Tuesday. The Biden administration has waived its right to respond to the petition in the Supreme Court.

If adopted by the Supreme Court, the ISL theory could mean that only state legislatures can regulate federal elections. In practice this could mean that all other parts of state government governors, the courts, the people or even state constitutions themselves would not be able to set the rules governing elections. Last June, the Supreme Court rejected this theory in a 6-3 decision in Moore v. Harper.

Since the Supreme Courts decision in Moore v. Harper, Republicans have been attempting to revive the theory through new lawsuits. In January, Republican state legislators from the Keystone State filed a lawsuit alleging that Bidens Executive Order 14019, which was passed in 2021 to promote voting access, violates the U.S. Constitution. The executive order directs the federal government to look into a variety of efforts to expand voting rights, including making federal workers and resources available to help staff polling locations as well as allowing federal agencies to share data with states that wish to establish automatic voter registration efforts.

Previously, the trial court dismissed the case for lack of standing, but in late April, the Republican plaintiffs asked the Supreme Court to take up their case while an appeal is still pending in the 3rd U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.

Arguing that only Congress can enact federal laws preempting state legal provisions regulating the times, places, and manner of Congressional elections, the Republican legislators who brought the case contend that Bidens executive order and other challenged policies cannot be implemented in Pennsylvania.

Now, nine Republican secretaries of state are also asking the Supreme Court to take up this radical challenge. The Elections Clause provides for states, not the President of the United States, to regulate state voter registration systems and designation of other agencies to provide voter registration services, the brief argues, further pushing the radical idea that only state legislatures can regulate elections.

Read the brief here.

Learn more about the case here.

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Republican Election Officials Support Radical Theory to Upend American Elections - Democracy Docket

The early months of summer on college campuses are usually bustling with proud parents ready to celebrate students years-long efforts to obtain a college degree.

But this year, many college campuses look very differentand some are eerily emptyas thousands of students and even faculty members established tent encampments on the lawns of nearly 100 campuses in protest of institutional investment in weapons, equipment, and technology that undergird and support the Israeli military campaign in Gaza. Protesting students want their universities to sever partnerships and financial programs connected to the Israeli government and military.

Faced with student protestors demands, educational institutions are finding themselves between a rock and a hard place. Divestment can be seen as taking sides when universities aim to stay apolitical, and more critically, it can reduce the financial returns that universities rely on to support their operations and activities. For student protestors, the view is that their university a moral authorityis profiting from a military campaign they vehemently disagree with. For universities, the view is not nearly as clear cut. The situation means many schools are navigating how to respond to students demands and protests, along with the interests of their network of donorswhile also managing how their reputations will be affected by each move they make.

Antisemitism is also a serious concern, given that the basis for the protests arose after the deadliest day for Jews since the Holocaust. Some Jewish students have reported that Pro-Palestinian encampments make them feel less safe on campus, pointing out that some of the chants protestors have adopted are antisemitic and have been co-opted by Hamas to call for the murder of Jews. Although the chant is being used rampantly, for activists, its taken on a different meaning, but for some Jews its a threat.

Its an especially complex decision for schools that have large endowments or networks of donors who can influence the investments and financial decisions of an institution. And making it even more difficult, the aggressive crackdown many schools deployed to dismantle student encampments, including police equipped with riot gear and military grade weapons, has spurred national criticism on the handling of protests on campus. The aftermath of these responses is both sizable and expensive: Thousands of people have been arrested in relation to campus protests; hundreds of student activists have been suspended or expelled; and several schools opted to cancel commencement ceremonies.

Archon Fung, a professor who teaches political science and citizenship at Harvard Kennedy School, told Fortune, civil disobedience is, by definition, breaking the rules, adding that such acts have an important place in democracy. Fung cited Columbia Universitys student protests of 1968 in opposition to the Vietnam War and the schools expansion into Harlem.

Fung explained that historically, student protest encampments have helped successfully end wars and global occupations that many experts now agree were injustices, like the war in Vietnam and South African apartheid. Fung also recalled how administration responded to student dissent over South African apartheid at his own undergraduate university, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which he attended in the late 1980s.

At the time, he said, the main acts of civil disobedience were calls for divestments from South Africa, and occupying buildings, as well as pitching tents, was one of the techniques. Police were sometimes called to clear those demonstrations, he recalled, but added that administration at the time was more open to dialogues with protestors and that the level of aggression against student demonstrators today is notably more intense.

Its hard for me to imagine any university president having an open debate with a representative of the pro-Palestinian cause, but I do miss that because I think the university should be a place of reason and the exchange of arguments back and forth.

In the past several months, hundreds of students have established Gaza Solidarity Encampments at more than 60 college campusesand while the protestors demands vary at each institution, they largely focus on divestment from Israel, financial transparency, and granting amnesty to students who face disciplinary action over campus activism.

Colleges have been rife with student dissent since the brutal Oct. 7 Hamas attack on Southern Israel, which killed over 1,200 people. Israels response, a catastrophic military campaign that killed more than 36,000 Palestinians, is now entering its ninth month. The encampment students also aim to show solidarity with millions of Palestinian civilians enduring the highest civilian casualty rate of any war in the 21st century. As Israel continues its military campaign, which is seen as the most destructive in recent history, Palestinians are suffering calamitous levels of disaster, including famine and disease outbreaks, and a crisis, in which at least a thousand children have lost limbs and over 19,000 children have been orphaned because of indiscriminate bombing in the war.

The most aggressive campus responses to encampments include authorizing police to mass arrest students and suspending, expelling, and evicting student activists. More than 4,000 people have been arrested so far on college campuses across the country, and incidents of disciplinary action are rampant, too. At least 53 students have been suspended and evicted from Columbia University this year due to participation in Gaza Solidarity Encampments, according to Columbia Spectator, the universitys publication. The University of Southern California barred a Muslim valedictorian, who graduated with a minor in resistance to genocide, from delivering the roles trademark commencement speech.

The University of Southern California declined Fortunes request for comment.

According to Donald Saleh, who has worked as an enrollment planning strategist and consultant for many universities for the past several decades, many institutions will need to consider how their reputations have been impacted by their response to student demonstrationsespecially in terms of retaining incoming prospective students.

Saleh told Fortune, a number of institutions that are in the headlines right now about these protests have large enrollments of international students. They often travel thousands of miles to attend schools and want to make sure theyre going to be someplace safe.

When the police are coming in on these campuses to break up the protests and take down the encampments, they dont do that without consultation with the leadership of the campus, Saleh said. The reputational concern is that College X or University Y could not manage this without having police come in, make arrests, and physically remove people from the campus.

These responses could be a cause of big financial concern, he said, if incoming prospective students decide to attend school elsewhere, which he said could be a common scenario.

At the very least, the protests have been affecting how schools engage with admitted students. The University of California, San Diego canceled campus tours for at least two days in May after students established encampments; student protestors at Washington University in St. Louis interrupted a packed admitted students event in the university chapel, unfurling a banner that read Divest from Palestininan Genocide, on April 13; and at New York University, tours were rerouted to avoid student encampments.

I would be taking more students off the waitlist to protect against the possibility that some of those students who have already committed are going to leave, Saleh said, adding that dwindling enrollment numbers can have a financial impact on a university.

Many colleges across the country balance their budgets on a year-to-year basis, he explained, and use the operating plans to predict how many students to enroll and award financial aid packages. When those estimates are disrupted in a negative way by events on your campus, he said, missing your target by just 2% or 3% has budgetary implications that ripple through at least for one year, often for more.

Another cause of reputational concern for institutions, he said, is how the donors of an institution may respond to how they handle student demonstrations.

If Im a donor and I have an affiliation with groups of students who now feel that the campus environment is threatening to them or unsafe for them, Saleh explained, my inclination to donate to that campus is going to be significantly less than it might have been four months ago. Saleh told Fortune he believes this reputational effect is something college administrators, fundraising staff, and alumni affairs employees will be very concerned about, especially as it relates to donors.

At Columbia University, for example, more than 200 students were arrested during two police raids on April 18 and April 30, the latter of which, coincidentally, is the same day 700 students were arrested for protesting the divisive Vietnam War and Columbias expansion into Harlem more than 50 years ago. As it turns out, Columbia restructured how its administration makes decisions, like police authorization, after those infamous protestsand in authorizing the police on campus this spring, broke those rules explicitly.

A Columbia University spokesperson told Fortune a small group of academic leaders had been in dialogue with student organizers to find a path that would result in the dismantling of the encampment, but they were not able to come to an agreement.

When asked specifically about violating the 1969 pact, a Columbia spokesperson did not respond to several of Fortunes requests for comment.

Fung, the Harvard professor, told Fortune, having been on campuses for 20 years and seeing a lot of different campaigns of civil disobedience, I dont recall anything nearly like this level of police response in the post-Vietnam era.

The level of aggression in schools responses is also made more egregious considering the student demonstrations have largely been nonviolent and peaceful in nature.

Roosevelt Monts, a professor who specializes in American citizenship and has been teaching at Columbia for 30 years, told Fortune that reports of violence and intimidation, by the student protestors are isolated and very much a minority, and that many colleges are responding to concerns of safety subjectively, rather than through documentation of incidents.

All things considered, Fung insists that the right for students to peacefullywhich means nonviolentlyprotest is important. Civil disobedience is saying, look, the ordinary democratic channels are blocked up. We cant get a hearing for this great injustice. So were going to break the law, he said. Sometimes, it moves society forward.

Its an opinion Monts shares, too. Students are often ahead of the curve on social and cultural issues, he said. This might be one of those issues.

Several of the worlds largest international organizations have been sounding alarms about the humanitarian crisis caused by Israels military campaign in Gazathe secretary of United Nations has been urging a cease-fire, and the International Criminal Courts prosecutor announced on May 20 that he has requested arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, along with his defense chief and three Hamas leaders over alleged war crimes.

Many European countries, including France, Belgium, and Germany, announced their governments would enforce the arrest warrants if it becomes issued by the international court.

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Civil disobedience and calls for financial divestments 'have an important place in democracy'but many schools also ... - Fortune

The NBC peacock logo is seen on the door to the NBC Experience Store at Rockefeller Center in New York City. Michael Nagle/Getty Images hide caption

The NBC peacock logo is seen on the door to the NBC Experience Store at Rockefeller Center in New York City.

It's been about a week since NBC fired former RNC Chair Ronna McDaniel just days after hiring her as a contributor.

The network drew a ton of backlash for the decision, much of which came after it aired an interview with McDaniel done by Meet the Press host Kristen Welker.

In that interview, McDaniel was openly critical of the Republican party and reversed course on some claims she made in the years after the 2020 election.

So why was she hired? What happened that led to her departure? And what does this politics-to-pundit pipeline say about the state of our democracy? We examine the role of television networks that the media plays in our elections and governance.

We also take a look at the role social media plays in moderating what kind of political information makes its way to our screens.

Meta, the parent company of Facebook, announced recently it will be shutting down CrowdTangle, a social media monitoring platform, two months before the election. This announcement has led to criticism from journalists and researchers alike, citing concerns about transparency surrounding viral content.

What role does misinformation on social media play in shaping our elections?

A statement from Meta on CrowdTangle and its content moderation policies:

"This announcement expands on years of work on how we approach and treat political content based on what people have told us they wanted. This change does not impact posts from accounts people choose to follow; it impacts what the system recommends. And now, people are going to be able to control whether they would like to have these types of posts recommended to them."

"Our definition of political content is content likely to be about topics related to government or elections; for example, posts about laws, elections, or social topics. Social topics can include content that identifies a problem that impacts people and is caused by the action or inaction of others."

"CrowdTangle provided an incomplete picture of what was happening on our platforms. We have built new, more comprehensive tools that enable independent study of key social issues, including elections."

Find more of our programs online. Listen to 1A sponsor-free by signing up for 1A+ at plus.npr.org/the1a.

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If You Can Keep It: NBC, Social Media, And Preserving Democracy : 1A - NPR

The world does not yet know exactly what happened in Alexei Navalnys final hours. We do know that he was poisoned with a nerve agent in 2020, then after returning to Russia to continue his public opposition to Vladimir Putin and his regime, was immediately arrested and spent years isolated in abusive conditions in prison. His death last month in a remote Russian penal colony was almost certainly an assassination.

Navalny left a legacy of courageous advocacy against corruption and in favor of a free Russia. He also left behind a large number of fellow imprisoned activists whose lives are in grave danger.

There are lamentably too many political prisoners in Russias jails to name here. One who faces perhaps the greatest risk is our colleague, Vladimir Kara-Murza, a politician, journalist, and historian who has advised and advocated for the human rights organizations that we lead, the Free Russia Foundation and Human Rights First, respectively. The U.S. government imposed a handful of new sanctions in connection with Navalnys killing. We believe the United States also must urgently act to prevent the killing of another important voice for democracy in Russia: Vladimir.

Like Navalny and others, Vladimir has faced shocking persecution from the Russian government for his advocacy, including poisonings in 2015 and 2017 that investigators have linked to the Russian intelligence services and to Navalnys poisoning. Vladimir barely survived those attacks.

It is not hard to see why the Kremlin has targeted him. He forcefully condemned the Putin governments invasion of Ukraine, just as he opposed its repressive policies at home. Like Navalny, when he returned to Moscow in April 2022, he was quickly arrested. In a sham trial, he was convicted of high treason and sentenced to 25 years in prison. No opponent of Putins war has been given a longer prison term.

Vladimir has managed to continue writing in prison. He urges opposition to Putin and his war in Ukraine, and he seeks to hold the Russian government to account for failing to investigate his poisonings. But under harsh conditions and without proper medical care for polyneuropathy, a nerve disease he has suffered since the poisonings, a quarter-century in the hands of his persecutors amounts to a death sentence for him even more clearly after Navalnys death.

U.S. diplomacy has secured the release of many Americans in recent years, including three from Russian custody since February 2022, and, as Vladimir himself often observed, during the Cold War the U.S. government played an important role in helping negotiate the release of Soviet dissidents. Negotiating for Vladimirs release would fit with both these traditions. In addition to being a modern dissident, Vladimir is a legal permanent resident of the United States. For more than 10 years, he has divided his time between Virginia where his wife and three children, all U.S. citizens, live and his native Russia. The Kara-Murza familys home-state senator, Tim Kaine, and representative, Jennifer Wexton, have called for the Biden administration to immediately engage with the Russian government in order to secure his release.

Hostage diplomacy can be unsavory, and Congress has created a legal and policy framework for when and how the U.S. government should pursue such negotiations for U.S. citizens or residents. Vladimirs case meets the criteria: most critically, the U.S. State and Treasury Departments have recognized that he is being arbitrarily detained for exercising his rights; the Russian judiciary that sentenced him is not independent; and U.S. engagement is almost certainly necessary to secure his release.

Given these facts, we and other organizations that have worked with Vladimir over the years have been urging Secretary of State Antony Blinken to use his authority to find that Vladimir is indeed unlawfully or wrongfully detained. That conclusion is needed to refer Vladimirs case to the U.S. governments hostage-affairs envoy, Roger Carstens, and it would signal to the Russian government that the United States is invested in his fate.

Of course, when it comes to Russian-held political prisoners, the bigger picture includes U.S. citizens whom the Kremlin also has detained. Many of them, including the journalists Evan Gershkovich of the Wall Street Journal and Alsu Kurmasheva of Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, face patently trumped-up charges. Blinken recently designated Gershkovich as wrongfully detained by Russia, and advocates for Kurmasheva, including members of Congress, are seeking the same determination for her.

Energetically seeking Vladimirs release as well is the right thing to do and would reflect a serious American commitment to protecting political prisoners abroad. Last month, citing Navalnys killing, the organization Freedom House organized a letter that we joined asking President Joe Biden to include Vladimir as an additional focus of any negotiations with Russia on prisoner releases. Especially after Navalnys killing, the United States should provide moral leadership by helping protect voices opposing the human rights-abusing Putin regime and advocating for freedom in Russia.

The fate of democracy in places where it is under brutal attack depends on supporting those who are willing to fight for it. Even knowing that a fate like Navalnys might await them, Vladimir Kara-Murza and other activists have carried on that fight in Russia at great personal peril. They must survive, and the United States must do its part to help.

(Authors note: Vladimir Kara-Murza was vice president of Natalias Free Russia Foundation from 2019 to 2021, and is a senior advisor to Michaels Human Rights First.)

Alexei/Alexey Navalny, Biden administration, Department of State, detainee treatment, Diplomacy, hostages, Human Rights, journalism, political prisoners, Russia, Russia-Ukraine War, Vladimir Kara-Murza, Vladimir Putin

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A Simple US Step Can Help Protect Another Imprisoned Democracy Activist in Russia - Just Security

Seven years ago, when author Tom Nichols was still a professor of national security affairs at the US Naval War College in Rhode Island, a student approached him on the first day of class and told him his course syllabus was poorly designed. Nichols, who has a PhD in political science and government, replied that perhaps the student should wait until after the course was over to critique it. Nichols kept the syllabus intact, but the young scholars unearned self-confidence stuck with himand in his telling, this wasnt an isolated incident. Another exchange on social media, in which a young person said, Tom, let me explain Russia to you, was the last straw for Nichols, who went on to write a book about a dangerous and growing disregard for expertise in American life.

You may have noticed this blinkered perspective in the Facebook posts of a conspiratorial relative who does his own research on vaccines, or heard it emanating from a Trump administration official talking about alternative facts. (The Simpsons was prescient, as it has so often been, when it had Homer assert the following in 1997: Facts are meaningless. You could use facts to prove anything thats even remotely true!) Nichols, now a staff writer at The Atlantic, titled his book on this malaise The Death of Expertise: The Campaign Against Established Knowledge and Why It Matters. Now more than ever, he views the collapse of trust between citizens and experts as driving a death spiral of American democracy and, as he writes in the book, representing an immediate danger of decay either into rule by the mob or toward elitist technocracy. Both outcomes, he warns, are authoritarian in nature.

Nichols (who, for what its worth, is also a five-time undefeated Jeopardy! champion) recently spoke with GQ about the newly expanded second edition of The Death of Expertise and why the nations widespread contempt for experts has only gotten worse since the book was first published in 2017.

GQ: The book, to me, is you sounding an alarm about the root cause of a rot that has taken hold of American democracy. At its core is this widespread public dismissal and distrust of expertise, which is preventing voters from making informed decisions based on agreed-upon facts. Do I have that right?

Tom Nichols: Its even worse than that. Its not just hobbling the ability of citizens to make informed decisions, its breaking down the bonds of trust that democracies rest on. None of us are willing to listen to anybody else about anything. And thats not just an attack on knowledge, thats basically an attack on the division of labor, in a way.

As you write in the book, society functions by different specialists and professionals doing different tasks. And in order for the whole thing to work together, there has to be a mutual trustwhen you get on a plane, you trust that the pilot is trained and knows what hes doing. Youre not questioning whether hes some sort of false-flag actor.

And the pilot trusts that the people who designed the switches on the knobs are engineers who know what theyre doing, and that the people who control the air traffic system know what theyre doing. There are all different forms of expertise, and they require a lot of trust. When you think about the amount of trust we put in each other every dayand not just for superspecialized thingsI mean, you trust when you put your kids on a bus that the bus driver has a bus license, and that they actually know how to drive a bus, and do it better than someone who doesnt know how to drive a bus.

You identify a number of reasons for how we got to this place: the coddling of college students at universities that are driven by profits to treat them like clients; the surfeit of information on the internet; the fractured media landscape; the widespread, arrogant narcissism of Americans thats been exacerbated by social media; and even the mistakes made by experts themselves. Am I missing anything?

Yeah, but narcissism is the thread that binds them all together. The first time I ever wrote anything called The Death of Expertise was over 10 years ago. And back then I was still a professor. And I was mostly sort of bristling at people who would take my field of expertise and try to lecture it back to me. Normally, I get paid to talk, and you pay to listen. But as I wrote it, and as the years went on, I came to realize that there was a much more serious social malady underneath all of this. And it was narcissism.

Because in a republic, where you elect people to represent you to make independent decisions on their own, on a range of issues on which no one can be the single expert, we have to be able to have some kind of trust among ourselves. And we simply dont. And its not because the powerful have abused their station, and so many things have gone wrong, and there have been so many disastersyeah, those things happen, and they happen in every government throughout history. Whats different now is instead of demanding accountability, or electing better people or asking intelligent questions, the average citizen says, I could do that job better. I know how to run foreign policy. Ask me about how to end the war in Ukraine. And its just this incredibly narcissistic viewpoint that is abetted by all the things in the book that you just mentioned, about education, about the news media, about the internet.

How do we go about correcting the course were on, if the people who really need to understand the value of expertise are unwilling to listen at all?

That is, I think, one of the failings of the book, and one that Im not sure I really remedy in the new edition, which is when it got to the end, I sort of said, Well, this is all terrible, isnt it? [Laughs.] I probably should have said something more about what to do about it. In the ensuing yearsand this is in the new versionI dont think its that helpful to call on the average citizen to be more epistemically humble. They dont want to hear that. But I have told experts that they need to get out there and engage and to be forceful, and to plant some flags.

A lot of whats going on, when I mentioned narcissism, I think another thing thats happening is the epidemic of loneliness, where people do this because its basically attention-seeking. Like, Im gonna go on the internet and say, the earth is flat, and maybe I dont believe it myself, but at least people will talk to me for hours on end, and give me engagement.

And through that, some of them have also found a sort of tribe, the biggest one being the Republican Party.

Not just in the political realm, but everywhere. The internet allows people to create these add water and stir communities ex nihilo, just by going online and saying, Who out there agrees with me? Experts need to stand up and say loudly, I dont care what you believe, youre wrong. Im not your therapist! You know? Experts have to stop being therapists and enablers and simply say, There are some things that are true and some things that are false. There are things that only experts can do and other things that experts shouldnt do. But this kind of postmodern equivocation where, you know, we all have something of value to contribute has overtaken even the experts. And one of the messages of the book is that not everyone has something of equal value to contribute on everything.

Was there a point as you were working on this book where you started to think the 2006 movie Idiocracy was prescient?

Idiocracy is perhaps one of the most brilliant satires that never got the love it deserved. Yeah, I thought of that all the time. Especially with the interlocking of the news and consumerism and entertainment. But you know, the guy that really saw this coming was Neil Postman, when he wrote [the 1985 media polemic] Amusing Ourselves to Death. Because part of the way that you become that self-centered, and that narcissistic, is that you have a very high standard of living with a lot of leisure time and a huge amount of entertainment at your fingertips. Because then you think everythings easy.

Donald Trump seems to be the embodiment of so many of the dysfunctions you explore in the book, and now hes a coin flip away from being president again. I agree with what you write in the book about how it is nearly impossible to persuade someone who has refused to listen to any contradictory information. But is there anything you would say to a voter who is still undecided?

I guess the first question I would ask is, What are you undecided about? What is it that you dont know? What is the one more piece of information you think that you dont have that would clear all this up? Because in 2024, Im reluctant to believe in the undecided voter. Both of these men have been president for four years. Right? This is, again, that I must do my own research nonsense that paralyzes so many of us. Well, I know, theyve both been president for four years. And Donald Trumps been around and on TV for decades, and Joe Bidens been a senator since forever. But I still need one more piece of information. Its ridiculous! If youre an undecided voter who thinks that you dont know enough about either of these men by 2024, thats a problem in itself.

What would you say to people who are fearful of what Trump would do with a second term and want to stop that from happening? Do you have any advice as an expert about how they can direct their energy?

Well, I think one of the things that has broken down is the way people talk to each other about politics and elections. We dont sit around in the bar anymore, or if were in a bar, were probably in a bar with a lot of people who agree with us, because weve so siloed ourselves. And we dont want to have that argument. And so we retreat to our castles, and we dont engage with anyone. What Ive told people is there are things that are true, and there are things that are false. There are things that are good, and there are things that are evil. And Im not going to just nod my head and say, Yes, Uncle Ned. The vote was stolen by Venezuelan voting machines guided by Italian computers that work with Jewish space lasers. You have to put your foot down and be an example to the people around you. You cant just stroke your chin and say, Well, you know, thats one point of view.

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How 'Do Your Own Research' Might Have Doomed Democracy - GQ