Illustration: John Shakespeare Photo:
Lee Kuan Yew built Singapore into a fully developed economy, but he leaves it a half-developed democracy. And that's just the way he liked it.
His attitude to political opposition: "Everybody knows that in my bag I have a hatchet, and a very sharp one. You take me on, I take my hatchet, we meet in the cul-de-sac."
Lee was a leader of the so-called Asian values school of politics: "Now if democracy will not work for the Russians, a white Christian people, can we assume that it will naturally work with Asians?"
The answer, of course, was yes, it can. And it has. In South Korea, for instance, and Taiwan. Both were dictatorships that evolved into democracies in the 1980s and '90s as they prospered.
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And for a while it seemed that Harry Lee would be left on the wrong side of history, defending a quasi-authoritarian system as the world underwent a democratic revolution.
Between 1974 and 2006, the era dubbed the "third wave" of global democratisation, the percentage of countries with democratic systems doubled, from 30 per cent to 60 per cent of all the nations on earth.
"Nothing like this continuous growth in democracy had been seen before in the history of the world," observes the co-editor of the Journal of Democracy, Stanford academic Larry Diamond.
But then something changed. It broadly coincided with the collapse of the US and European economies in the global financial crisis:
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How democracy is letting us down