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Immigration returned to the forefront of political discourse with the emergence of Donald Trump, whoannounced his bid for the presidency two years ago by saying he would build a wall between the United States and Mexico, which he accused of sending drugs and rapists into the U.S.

That wall has not yet materialized Congress has so far refused to go along with funding for it but the U.S. Supreme Courtrecently upheld portions of President Trumps travel ban, criticized by some as a discriminatory ban on Muslims.

And last week, the president and a pair of Republican members of the U.S. Senatetouted a plan to dramatically alter the immigration system by slashing the number of legal immigrants allowed to enter the country over the next decade.

Trumps tough talk, the travel ban and recent legislation aimed at punishing cities that provide sanctuary to illegal or undocumented residents has, again, focused attention on an issue that has been held up as an example of American laxity, hypocrisy, cruelty and racism.

Immigration attorneys and foreign-born residents alike say anew, chilling climate has taken hold, one that raises thespectre of deportation for those in the country illegallyeven if they have not committed other crimes since their arrival.

Liberals talk of a system in need of a pathway to citizenship so undocumented residents no longer live in fear. Conservatives talk of one begging for enforcement at the nations southern border and within the country itself, where they say illegal immigrants commit crimes and depress the wages of American workers.

And yet for all of the talk, no sweeping action seems to be in the offing.

Reform efforts by successive presidents, George W. Bush and then Barack Obama, crashed and burned, and Trumps plans have been met by immediate opposition.

Meanwhile, in Palm Beach County and elsewhere, the issue continues to fester, generating fear among those worried they might be deported, concern among farmers who dont have enough workers for their fields and anger among those who see illegal immigration as a threat to the nations economy and safety.

Over the next several months, The Palm Beach Post will explore various aspects of the issue, attempting to bring clarity to a topic that has remained maddeningly muddy.

There are no firm figures on precisely how many undocumented people live in Palm Beach County.

Using U.S. Census data from 2014, the Pew Research Center estimated in February that 450,000 undocumented people live in the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach area.

Two of Palm Beach Countys signature industries tourism and agriculture rely heavily on foreign-born workers.

Even as Trump castigates undocumented residents and calls for a reduction of legal immigration, his businesses in Palm Beach County make extensive use of foreign-born workers.

The Trump Organization has asked the federal government for dozens of special visas for people who would serve as waiters, waitresses, cooks and maids at Mar-a-Lago on Palm Beach and Trump National Golf Club in Jupiter.

Every year, Trump hires dozens of foreign workers through the U.S. Department of Labors H-2B visa program, which is similar to the H-2A program farmers use to staff their operations.

Foreign-born workers definitely play a role in the make-up of the hospitality workforce here, said David Semadeni, secretary of the Palm Beach County Hotel and Lodging Association. Exactly how much is difficult to say without doing an in-depth survey and I have not been able to do this.

For farmers, the visa program is critical and, they say, utterly insufficient.

There are several problems with the program, said Lisa Lochridge, public affairs director for the Florida Fruit and Vegetable Association.

Its very expensive, Lochridge said. Its incredibly cumbersome, and its not reliable.

Jimmy Chavez helps his mother, Maty Carrillo, work on some tax forms after school in their family owned Tikal Tires shop in Jupiter on July 11, 2017. Jimmy, 13, was born in the United States, but both of his parents came to the United States illegally and have been alerted during the Trump administration that they may be deported. (Richard Graulich / The Palm Beach Post) Palm Beach Post Staff Writer

Farmers have to estimate how many workers they will need months before knowing anything about their harvest, Lochridge said. And foreign-born workers often arent processed on a timeline that matches up with when farmers need them.

Flawed as it is, the program is still important, Lochridge said.

More and more growers are using it because its all we have, she said. They realize its one of the only tools in their toolbox

Jobs offered through the H-2A program must first be made available to American workers. Lochridge said Americans arent lining up for jobs that are temporary and physically demanding.

With the limitations of the H-2A program, farmers turn to another important labor supply illegal or undocumented workers.

The reality is that agriculture still relies on foreign-born workers who may not be documented, Lochridge said. The stark reality is that these are jobs American workers will not do.

That doesnt have to be true, said Ira Mehlman, media director for the Federation for American Immigration Reform, a Washington, D.C.-based organization that supports better border management and lower overall levels of immigration.

Businesses want to hire undocumented workers so it can pay them less, Mehlman argued.

Hiring illegal workers is basically a subsidy for these employers, he said, and the rest of us are paying in other areas.

Those other areas include depressed wages and more demands on schools and law enforcement, Mehlman said.

Youre not really getting anything cheaply, he said. Youre just padding the profit margins of these employers.

Several studies, however, indicate that undocumented workers are a net positive to the U.S. economy.

A study released in February by Florida International Universitys Center for Labor Research and Studies found that undocumented immigrants contribute $437.4 million to the economy of the Miami-Fort Lauderdale-West Palm Beach metro area.

The precise impact of illegal or undocumented immigrants on education and law enforcement in Palm Beach County is difficult to discern.

Federal law prohibits the School District of Palm Beach County from asking students if they are here illegally. Aimed at protecting student privacy and preventing discrimination, the policy also makes it impossible to know how many students are not legal residents.

The district can and does track how many students speak English as a second language.

There were 17,196 English language learners in the district during the 2011-12 school year, the district reported. That figure dropped to 16,749 the next school year and stood at 16,895 in 2013-14.

The next three school years saw major upticks to 21,180 students in 2014-2015, 22,441 in 2015-16 and 24,639 in 2016-17, the district reported.

Not all English language learners are in the country illegally, of course. Many are the children of foreign-born residents who are in the country legally and have moved to the county from some other location.

More than 322,000 of Palm Beach Countys 1.4 million residents are foreign-born, according to estimates from the U.S. Census Bureau.

As the immigration debate rages, high-profile crimes by undocumented residents have intensified calls for their deportation.

That was the case in May when Boynton Beach police say a truck driven by a 48-year old Mexican citizen, Victor Villanueva Rivera, hit and killed Brandon Wesson of Palm Beach Gardens as Villanueva was turning from Hypoluxo Road north onto Lawrence Road.

Wesson, 21, was thrown from the motorcycle he was riding and was dead by the time Boynton Beach Fire Rescue crews arrived.

Police said Villanueva, fearful of being caught driving without a license, kept going after he struck Wesson, dragging Wessons motorcycle behind his truck about 1,400 feet.

This only proves Trumps point why we need the wall! one Palm Beach Post reader wrote on Facebook.

There is no tally for how many crimes in Palm Beach County are committed by undocumented immigrants.

Palm Beach County Sheriffs Office Spokeswoman Teri Barbera said PBSO does not track crimes by illegal immigrants and therefore cant give a factual response about whether criminal activity by undocumented residents is a significant problem here.

PBSO detained 658 people in 2012 and 669 in 2013. In July of 2014, PBSO changed its policy, requiring a federal judge to sign off on the holds, which fell to 438 in 2014 and down to 168 in 2015 and 166 in 2016.

So far in 2017, the number of people detained for ICE stands at 258.

In July 2016, when he accepted the Republican Partys nomination for president, Trump said that nearly 180,000 illegal immigrants with criminal records, ordered deported from our country, are tonight roaming free to threaten peaceful citizens.

Several studies, however, have shown that foreign-born residents those here legally and illegally are less likely than native-born Americans to commit crimes.

With few exceptions, immigrants are less crime prone than natives or have no effect on crime rates, Alex Nowrasteh, an immigration policy analyst, wrote in 2015 for the Cato Institute, a libertarian think tank.

Immigrant advocates say undocumented residents, fearing deportation, are reluctant to report when they are victims of crimes.

Maty Carrillo works on a mounting machine in her family owned Tikal Tires shop in Jupiter on July 11, 2017. She and her husband, Victor Chavez, face immigrated to the United States illegally and during the Trump administration have been told they face possible deportation from the country. (Richard Graulich / The Palm Beach Post) Palm Beach Post Staff Writer

That was the experience ofMaty Carrillo, a Guatemalan citizen who owns a tire sales and auto repair shop in Jupiter with her husband, Victor Chavez.

Carrillo said a man attempted to sexually assault her not long after she entered the U.S. illegally. She said she did not report the man because she feared deportation.

After attempting to get a work permit extended in March, Carrillo and her husband now both face deportation, part of more aggressive removal push launched since Trump became president.

Its a totally different culture with this administration, said William Cavanaugh, an immigration attorney in West Palm Beach. Its very enforcement-oriented.

The Obama administration focused its deportation efforts on undocumented residents who committed felonies after entering the country. The Trump administration has moved away from that focus, seeking instead to remove undocumented residents even if they have no criminal history beyond entering the country illegally.

There are no changes in the law, Cavanaugh said. Its just the application of it, a shift in priorities.

FIRST IN A SERIES

This is the first installment of The Palm Beach Posts continuing coverage of immigration in Palm Beach County.

ILLEGAL OR UNDOCUMENTED?

Whats in a name?

When it comes to the immigration debate, quite a lot.

The terminology one chooses to use in describing people who have entered the country illegally or remained in it without proper documentation says a lot about where one comes down on things like border enforcement, deportations and a pathway to citizenship.

In general, those who favor more aggressive border enforcement, stepped up deportations and no pathway to citizenship (or a very costly, time-consuming one) tend to use the terms illegal immigrant or illegal alien.

Ira Mehlman, media director for the Federation for American Immigration Reform, explains why here:

Illegal alien is a legal term. It doesnt mean you came from Mars. Illegal alien is the proper legal term. The advocates for illegal aliens have come up with all kinds of euphemisms to make whats been done sound kind of innocuous undocumented immigrant, undocumented worker. Those who are not in the country legally are illegal aliens.

As Mehlman noted, those who back limited, prioritized deportations and an easier pathway to citizenship tend to use the terms undocumented immigrant, undocumented worker or undocumented resident.

Afifa Khaliq, a Palm Beach County immigration activist, explains why here:

The logic behind that is if you get a speeding ticket or commit any other offense you are still a legal human. When we use the term illegal we are effectively saying that the persons very existence as a human is unlawful. Illegal Immigrant was the term first used in 1939 by the British towards the Jews fleeing Nazis and entering Palestine without authorization. We the activists believe that no human being is illegal. The unauthorized residents just by overstaying or lack of documentation do not commit a criminal offense. They are subjected to deportation because of civil administrative procedure, not because they have broken a law. The Supreme Court has also noted where Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing for the majority, said that, As a general rule, it is not a crime for a removable alien to remain present in the United States. Justice Kennedy also noted that the removal of a person is a civil matter. So the activist community uses the word Undocumented Immigrants instead of the term illegal.

In this story and the ones that will follow, The Palm Beach Post will use terms such as illegal immigrant and undocumented immigrant or unauthorized worker interchangeably where appropriate. The Post will not use the term illegal aliens because while it may be a technical term used in legal documents, it is not common American parlance. The terminology used by The Post is not meant to convey support for one set of policies or another.

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Immigration in the age of Trump: What it means for Palm Beach County - Palm Beach Post

USA Today NetworkDan Nowicki, The Arizona Republic Published 9:08 p.m. ET Aug. 3, 2017 | Updated 12:54 a.m. ET Aug. 4, 2017

Sen. John McCain talks about the need for immigrants with all skill levels and how the issue should be handled as part of an overall package, during an interview with The Arizona Republic on Aug. 3, 2017. Thomas Hawthorne/azcentral.com

Sen. John McCain speaks with reporter Dan Nowicki at The Arizona Republic in downtown Phoenix, Aug. 3, 2017.(Photo: Tom Tingle/The Republic)

PHOENIX A week after his dramatic call for bipartisanship on Capitol Hill, Sen. John McCain says he wants to revive a long-standing attempt to reform the nations immigration system when he returns to Washington.

Before leaving Washington for treatment for brain cancer, McCain, R-Ariz., said he broached the idea with Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y. The two collaborated on unsuccessful immigration legislation in 2013 as part of the bipartisan effort known as the "Gang of Eight."

President Trump's goal of building a U.S.-Mexico border wall might provide an opening for a bigger bargain on the issue, McCain said.

"Immigration reform is one of the issues I'd like to see resolved," McCain told The Arizona Republicin a Thursday interview. "I've got to talk to him (Schumer) about when would be the best time. I think there are all kinds of deals to be made out there. I really do."

His goal remains a long shot in the Trump era, with Senate Majority Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., running the Senate and House Speaker Paul Ryan, R-Wis., leading the House of Representatives.

Even at times when the White House was friendly to the idea, success on the issue has proved elusive for McCain, who has worked on comprehensive immigration reform bills for more than 10 years. But while former presidentsGeorge W. Bush and Barack Obama wanted immigration reform, Trump has appeared hostile to any approach that would balance border-security investments with a pathway for citizenship for immigrants without legal status who have settled in the United States.

More: President Trump's strong-arm tactics backfire in Senate, experts say

More: Senate narrowly defeats 'skinny repeal' of Obamacare, as McCain votes 'no'

McCain's remarks came a day after Trump backed a Senate bill from Sens. Tom Cotton, R-Ark., and David Perdue, R-Ga., that proposes sharp cuts to legal immigration.

But the six-term McCain, who turns 81 on Aug. 29, also is in a more reflective place in his long Senate career as he faces a serious health challenge and undergoes chemotherapy for brain cancer.

"We'll know in a few weeks," McCain said of the cancer on Thursday in a meeting with Arizona Republic editors and reporters. "I hate the use the word 'beat it,' because it's not a matter of beating. You either get cured or you don't get cured."

The nation's eyes were on McCain in the early hours of July28when he gave a decisive thumb's down to the Senate Republican "skinny repeal" health-care legislation, which had the effect of derailing the current GOP push to undo the Affordable Care Act, one of Obama's signature accomplishments.

Earlier in the week, McCain who returned to Washington after a surprise July 14 craniotomy to remove a blood clot that revealed the cancer entranced his colleagues with a memorable July 25 floor speech in which he decried the Senate's current state of partisan dysfunction and urged a return to bipartisan camaraderie and compromise.

McCain said he was "shocked" the rest of the Senate stuck around to hear him speak.

"I think they stayed to listen, not so much because of my vote, because of what I was trying to say," McCain said. "They're not happy with this polarization. They're not happy with this not getting anything done. That's not why they come to the Senate."

In the meeting with the newspaper's editorial board, McCain said Schumer is in agreement about the need to return to immigration reform.

"Basically it's what we passed last time, brought up to date with the new challenges, like opioids," McCain said. "It's still there. We got 68 votes, I think, the last time. I don't think that's going to be any different next time."

It's conceivable that a group of bipartisan-minded Republicans in the Senate can make common cause with bipartisan-minded Democrats.

One longtime champion of comprehensive immigration reform applauded McCain's return to the fray, despite the long odds.

"It's difficult to imagine Trump signing a comprehensive immigration reform bill because he's so focused on stoking his base," said Frank Sharry, the executive director of the liberal-leaning national pro-reform organization America's Voice.

"But you can see how more and more people are moving away from Trump as his poll ratings sink, as his lying becomes endemic, and his temperament is so obviously juvenile," he said. "It's conceivable that a group of bipartisan-minded Republicans in the Senate can make common cause with bipartisan-minded Democrats."

McCain would be the natural leader of such a movement, Sharry said.

In 2013, McCain and Schumer led the bipartisan Gang of Eight, which also consisted of Republican Sens. Jeff Flake of Arizona, Lindsey Graham of South Carolina and Marco Rubio of Florida, and Democratic Sens. Dick Durbin of Illinois, Michael Bennet of Colorado and Robert Menendez of New Jersey.

Their legislation aimed to balance border security with a pathway to citizenship and a modernized visa system.

In his new book, Conscience of a Conservative: A Rejection of Destructive Politics and a Return to Principle, Flake positively recounted his role in the immigration deliberations, which resulted in a bill that passed the Senate but went nowhere in the Republican-controlled House.

More: Trump backs GOP senators' plan to crack down on legal immigration

More: Full text of John McCain's Senate floor speech: 'Lets return to regular order'

"The Gang of Eight four Republicans, four Democrats proved that the process as designed can actually work," Flake wrote in the book.

For his part, McCain said he realizes it won't be easy, and doesn't know if he could ever persuade to Trump and McConnell to go along.

"I don't know, but what I do know is that if we could pass it through the House and Senate the way we passed it through the Senate last time, it's like this Russia (sanctions) bill, it doesn't matter," McCain said. "Do you think he signed it because he liked it?"

Concerns about border wall and merit-based immigration

In conversations with The Republic, McCain was skeptical that the Senate would support a wall as envisioned by Trump, or its price tag. He emphasized, as others have, that certain stretches of the border don't need a wall because of natural barriers.

"I'm not against a border wall, OK, but go to China and you'll see a border wall there," McCain said. "We need technology, we need drones, we need surveillance capabilities and we need rapid-reaction capabilities. But to think that a wall is going to stop illegal immigration or drugs is crazy."

McCain said he supports merit-based immigration but worries about how farm labor, such as the workers who pick lettuce in Yuma, and other low-skilled workers would fare under the Cotton-Perdue bill that Trump is backing.

"I think you have to consider that we do want high-tech people, but we also need low-skilled people who will do work that Americans won't do," McCain said. "I wouldn't do it. Even in my misspent youth, I wouldn't do it."

Follow Dan Nowickion Twitter: @dannowicki

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McCain aims to revive immigration reform when he returns to Congress - USA TODAY

The liberal elite such as those at CNN quote Emma Lazarus poem as if its one of our nations founding documents.

Its a poem.

Wouldnt it be marvelous if they were as passionate about our actual founding documents? They like to shrug that the Constitution is a quasi-relevant living document whose words can be bent to whatever shape the current generation likes. Oddly, they never say that about Lazarus prose.

Instead, in almost partisan pushback Wednesday against a proposed immigration policy that simply puts American interests forward, CNNs Jim Acosta accosted Trump administration aide Stephen Miller about how the policy would somehow violate Lazarus um, poem The New Colossus inscribed on the Statue of Liberty.

Make no mistake, the sonnets flowing notions are a lovely sentiment and ideal one that this page ascribes to and which, truth be known, America has lived up to to a fault. Miller notes that the foreign-born population coming into the U.S. has quadrupled since 1970.

We have led the league in immigration, and certainly in the illegal kind, and have strained our ability to absorb it all, particularly since so many immigrants have been low-skilled, low-income workers who have depressed wages and have been prime candidates for government aid. And in the age of terror, we have done so at great risk to our own safety.

Its a wonder there arent cracks on Lady Libertys shoulders.

Acostas diatribe argumentative, interruping and sanctimonious, rather than merely inquisitive objected to reducing immigration, though he offered no specific target number that would please him or the Statue of Liberty. And he seemed to imply that requiring English proficiency is somehow mean, when in reality its the furthest thing from compassion to encourage immigrants not to learn the dominant language in their new country. Its also required for citizenship.

Yet bizarrely, Acosta appeared to equate the English language with a race that we are now only going to allow in people from England and Australia and engineer a racial and ethnic flow of people into this country.

What world-class ignorance. People all over the world speak English; it is the unofficial language of world commerce. Nearly 60 countries in the world have enshrined English as their official language (though, interestingly, we have not). But its racist to expect new Americans to speak it? Good grief.

This is the uphill battle our leaders must fight against the political correctness cops in the media. But most Americans have to be thankful theyre fighting it: 72 percent favor tight restrictions on immigration. Heaven forbid we institute an American policy that actually benefits America.

Were proud that Georgia Sen. David Perdue is in the forefront of this, along with Arkansas Sen. Tom Cotton, helping lead the charge for an orderly, thoughtful, merit-based legal immigration system that actually takes Americas best interests into consideration: The Reforming American Immigration for a Strong Economy (RAISE) Act would take into account what skills America needs and what skills, including language, prospective immigrants would bring with them.

This isnt the end of the world. It isnt overturning Lazarus. As Perdue notes, currently only 1 out of 15 immigrants come here with a marketable skill.

All were asking is to tip the scales a little back toward Americas interests.

Its long overdue.

Visit link:
Now, this is immigration reform - The Augusta Chronicle

Looking at all new job seekers born here and abroad actually reveals a significant decline in new workers competing for American jobs. During the postwar period from 1948 to 1980, as incomes rose for all workers, the labor force grew by 76 percent, driven largely by baby boomers and women entering the labor force for the first time. Since then, declining birthrates have led to about half as many new competitors entering the labor force each year, despite many more immigrants.

Less-educated Americans also faced less competition. The ranks of non-college educated workers swelled 50 percent in the postwar period, compared with just 16 percent in recent decades. During both periods, high school dropouts saw a near continuous decline in labor market competition from workers born here or elsewhere. In contrast, college graduates actually dealt with more competition than they had before.

All this suggests that the stagnation of wages has other origins, such as new technology and the increasing burden of regulations, not more job seekers immigrant or otherwise.

The senators analysis suffers from similar confusion when they say that their bill would create a system modeled after Canada and Australia. Controlling for population, these countries accept two to three times as many legal immigrants as America.

A related fiction is that the bill would prioritize skilled immigrants. In fact, it contains no more visas for skilled workers than our current law does. All the bill would do is cut the number of visas for the family members of United States citizens. Canada and Australia prioritize skilled workers by allowing far more of them to come while also accepting more family members than we do.

Canada and Australia arent the only ones surpassing us in terms of welcoming immigrants; 17 developed countries accept more legal immigrants as a share of their population than does the United States. This places the United States at an economic disadvantage in the global race for talent. For years, Canada has attracted skilled immigrants from America, and Microsoft even opened an office there specifically to take advantage of its system.

In other contexts, Senators Perdue and Cotton have often discussed how Americas tax and regulatory policies send jobs overseas. But micromanaging labor markets from Washington has the same damaging effect, pushing businesses away from the United States and hurting those that remain.

Rather than cutting immigration, Congress should raise the employment-based quotas, which it has not adjusted since 1990 when the United States had some 77 million fewer people and the economy was half the size it is now. A smart reform would double green cards and peg future work visas to economic growth, responding to market forces rather than political whims.

Smart reforms, however, require that Congress first understand the basic facts: America has not seen a deluge of immigration. Low-skilled American-born workers have not faced more competition for jobs. Other countries accept more immigrants per capita. Until these facts penetrate the halls of the Capitol, the immigration debate will continue to be mired in ignorant proposals like this.

See original here:
Ignorant Immigration Reform - New York Times

Arizona Senator John McCain, temporarilybeloved by some on the left for casting adeciding vote against Obamacare repeal, wants the Senate to pursue bipartisan immigration reform. But with the high-profile immigration reform failurein 2013 and the election of immigration hard-liner Donald Trump, McCain will face an uphill battle.

McCain toldThe Arizona RepublicThursday that he discussed the matter with Senate Minority Leader Chuck Schumer before leaving Washington for brain cancer treatment.

"Immigration reform is one of the issues I'd like to see resolved," McCain said. "I've got to talk to him [Schumer]about when would be the best time. I think there are all kinds of deals to be made out there. I really do."

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Immigration reform will be an incredibly difficult task in the current political environment, however. In 2013, McCain and Schumer worked together ona bipartisan Gang of Eight bill which passed the Senate but diedin the House. Thatbill would have created a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants already in the United States in exchange for increased border security and visa tracking.

Most congressional Republicanslikely will have no interest in supporting anyproposals Democrats would be willing to sign on to. Arguably, Trump made building a wall on the southern border the central tenet of his winning campaign. Hisadministration is touting a decrease inborder-crossing rates, and increases in requests from localities for removal of undocumented immigrants who allegedlyhave committed crimes.

This week, the administration expressed support for a long-shot bill that would create a merit-based immigration systemprioritizing English-speaking immigrants and reducing overall legal immigration numbers.

But McCain told the Republic he believes Trumps calls for a border wall could reopen bipartisan negotiations on the issue, adding that Schumer agreed it is time for the Senate to return to discussing it.

"Basically it's what we passed last time, brought up-to-date with the new challenges," McCain said. "It's still there. We got 68 votes, I think, the last time. I don't think that's going to be any different next time."

Fellow Arizona Republican Senator Jeff Flake also was a Gang of Eight member and discusses the process in his new book, Conscience of a Conservative. He wrote that the bipartisan group proved that the process as designed can actually work.

Although McCain admitted Trump may not agree to move forward on the issue, he said if it passes the Senate and House by a large enough margin, he may not have a choice.

"I don't know, but what I do know is that if we could pass it through the House and Senate the way we passed it through the Senate last time, it's like this Russia [sanctions]bill, it doesn't matter," said McCain. "Do you think he signed it because he liked it?"

See the rest here:
John McCain Wants Immigration Reform, But Is That Possible in Trump's America? - Newsweek