Archive for the ‘Iran’ Category

Iran Is Just Loving the Trump Era So Far – Slate Magazine (blog)

An Iranian woman holds a placard showing a caricature of President Donald Trump at a rally marking the anniversary of the 1979 revolution on Feb. 10 in Tehran.

AFP/Getty Images

If youre feeling generous, you could say the one organizing principle of Donald Trumps foreign policy is that Iranian influence must be contained and rolled back. Though the president doesnt seem to agree on much with senior members of his national security team, like H.R. McMaster and James Mattis, these days, theyre on the same page when it comes to the threat posed by Tehrans regional ambitions. But far from being rolled back, Iranian influence appears to be spreading. And far from being united, the international community is deeply divided over how to respond. Some of the Trump administrations policies may even ultimately bolster the Islamic Republics growing clout.

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Carlotta Gall of the New York Times reported over the weekend on Irans growing influence in Afghanistan. Iran is providing local Taliban insurgents with weapons, money and training. It has offered Taliban commanders sanctuary and fuel for their trucks. It has padded Taliban ranks by recruiting among Afghan Sunni refugees in Iran, according to Afghan and Western officials. Afghans also fear that Iran is working to subvert plans in Afghanistan for upstream dams that could threaten its water supply. Iranian influence has grown as the U.S. presence in Afghanistan has waned. From that perspective, the current debate within the U.S. administration over troop levels in the country presents something of a win-win for Iran: Washington will either commit more troops and financial resources to a fight it has little hope of winning (whatever winning means at this point) or it will draw down further and leave a power vacuum behind.

Weve seen this movie beforein Iraq, where Irans economic, political, and military influence is stronger than ever. Just days after the U.S. passed new sanctions on Iran last month, Baghdad signed a deal to boost military cooperation with Tehran. During his campaign, Trump often accused Barack Obama of handing the country over to Iran by withdrawing troops, but that die was probably cast in 2003, when the U.S. toppled the anti-Iranian government of a country that borders Iran and has a majority Shiite population. When the Iraqi military collapsed in the face of ISIS in 2014, Iranian-backed Shiite militias stepped in, doing much of the fighting against the group. Now that ISIS has been mostly ousted from the country after the fall of Mosul, those militias dont seem to be in a hurry to disband.

As reporter Borzou Daragahi recently reported in a lengthy investigative piece for BuzzFeed, militias, overseen by the secretive Quds force of Irans Revolutionary Guards, are an increasingly dominant force throughout the region. This is particularly true in Syria, where, in recent years, Iranian-backed militias have done the bulk of the on-the-ground fighting on behalf of Bashar al-Assads embattled regime. The Revolutionary Guards have reportedly also found ways to continue to supply covert arms shipments to their Houthi allies in Yemen, despite a U.S.-backed embargo.

President Trump noted these developments in his speech at a regional summit in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in May, arguing that nations of conscience must work together to isolate Iran, deny it funding for terrorism, and pray for the day when the Iranian people have the just and righteous government they deserve. (The last part was a bit rich for a speech delivered to an audience primarily of monarchs and dictators.) To this end, the administration has supported new sanctions on Irans ballistic missile program, increased support for the brutal Saudi-led air campaign in Yemen, and may yet cancel the 2015 nuclear deal.

But U.S. moves have not been consistently anti-Iranian. The recent reports that the CIA is dropping its support for anti-Assad rebels in Syria is the clearest signal yet that the U.S. plans to leave the Syrian strongman in power, giving Iran an unblocked string of allies through Iran and Syria to the Mediterranean. At one point last spring, the U.S. military was actually firing on Iranian-backed militias to protect a group of rebels being trained by U.S. special forces in Southern Syria, but CNN reported recently that those rebels have left the U.S. coalition after they were told they were only to fight ISIS, not Assad. Some have even been recruited by the regime to switch sides. And while American diplomats have reportedly worked to ensure that Iranian-backed foreign fighters wont be the ones on the ground enforcing the recent U.S.-Russia cease-fire deal, that hasnt mollified the Israeli government, which opposes the cease-fire on the grounds that it will ensure a long-term Iranian presence in Syria.

Iran has also benefited at times from the confusion and mixed signals coming out of Washington. In June, Saudi Arabia and its allies cut off diplomatic relations with neighboring Qatar and imposed a blockade, demandingamong other thingsthat it cease its relatively friendly relations with Iran. The Saudis maximalist position was no doubt encouraged by Trumps fighting words in Riyadh, and indeed the president took credit for the situation on Twitter. But Secretary of State Rex Tillerson took a neutral approach to the situation, and the U.S. continued to move forward on an arms deal with Qatar, undermining the Saudi position. Qatar hasnt backed down, and ironically the blockades main impact has been to deepen Qatars economic ties to Iran.

The new set of U.S. sanctions on Iran may have an impact on some high-ranking members of the Revolutionary Guards, but its overall impact on Irans policies will probably be limited, as other countries seem unlikely to follow suit. China has been investing heavily in Irans infrastructure as part of its global One Belt, One Road trade initiative. European companies have also been investing in Iran since the lifting of nuclear sanctions: Just Monday, French carmaker Renault signed a $780 million deal to increase vehicle production in Iran. EU foreign policy chief Federica Mogherinis attendance over the weekend at President Hassan Rouhanis inauguration for a second term was another sign that European governments arent heeding Washingtons calls to isolate Iran.

Thats going to be a problem if Trump follows through on his tweets to blow up the nuclear deal entirely: The U.S. can reimpose its own sanctions, but they wont have the same bite they did before 2015 if other countries dont join the push. Trump has made matters worse by signaling that he plans to certify Iran as noncompliant with the deal, whether or not his intelligence agencies conclude that it is. This makes it patently obvious that the U.S. administration wants to kill the deal no matter what and has no serious intention of giving diplomacy a chance. If Trump goes through with it, Iran could end up with something it almost never has: widespread international support.

It would be ironic if this deeply anti-Iranian administration ended up increasing Irans regional clout and global influence. Of course, this assumes the Trump administration doesnt follow its current Iran policies to their logical endpoint: armed conflict. Thats not a good outcome for anyone.

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Iran Is Just Loving the Trump Era So Far - Slate Magazine (blog)

Iran Reaches Deal With Renault Despite New US Sanctions – New York Times

Still, the agreement to establish a joint venture with a government-run conglomerate is welcome news for Iran.

Renault has pledged to open two factories with Iranian partners.

One partner, the Industrial Development and Renovation Organization, a government conglomerate known as IDRO and which controls 117 companies, was long under sanctions by the United States and Europe which accused it of supporting Irans missile program. Those sanctions were lifted under Irans nuclear agreement with world powers last year, which allowed Renault and other foreign companies, including the American plane manufacturer Boeing, to do business with the country.

Officials of the Treasury Department, where the Office of Foreign Assets Control oversees the sanctions imposed on Iran, did not immediately respond to queries about the Renault deal. But the Industrial Development and Renovation Organization Company (IDRO) is listed on the Treasury Departments website as exempt from sanctions under the nuclear deal.

Sanctions lawyers in the United States said Renaults decision to proceed with the joint venture indicated it was confident that the nuclear deal would survive, despite the Trump administrations threats to withdraw from it.

Farhad Alavi, managing partner of the Akrivis Law Group in Washington, said Renaults decision also signaled that it had likely undertaken a great deal of care to ensure that it is fully compliant.

Another major French carmaker, Groupe PSA, which produces brands like Peugeot and Citron, has stepped up its activities in Iran since the lifting of the sanctions last year, while the French energy giant Total signed a deal with Tehran last month to lead a natural gas project.

But despite the various agreements, Iran remains a difficult and opaque place to do business. Corruption is widespread, and political opposition to foreign investment can raise obstacles.

Renault said in a statement that the expansion would promote its brand in Iran. The carmaker sold an estimated 68,000 cars in Iran in the first six months of this year, more than doubling its sales compared with the period a year earlier. Renault said it now has about 10 percent of the Iranian market for autos.

The French company will hold a 60 percent share in the joint venture, according to Mansour Moazzami, the chairman of IDRO. The rest will be split evenly between the conglomerate and the other partner, Negin Khodro, a private company that represents Renault in Iran.

Last week, IDRO announced another joint venture, this time with Transmashholding, Russias largest rail equipment supplier, to develop Irans dilapidated railway system. As part of the $2.5 billion deal, the Russian company will own 80 percent of the joint venture.

Follow Thomas Erdbrink on Twitter @ThomasErdbrink.

Thomas Erdbrink reported from Tehran, and Rick Gladstone from New York.

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Iran Reaches Deal With Renault Despite New US Sanctions - New York Times

Russian Military Leads China, India and Iran in International Army Games – Newsweek

Russias military is winning its International Army Games, leading competing teams fromChina, India andIran.

The annual games, which consist of 22 disciplines of military drills set up as a spectator sport, are halfway through their two-week run, and Russia has won or is leading 11 of them. According to the official ranking,with less than a week to go until the games closing ceremony, China is in second place, leading in seven disciplines. Kazakhstan is third, performing best in three disciplines. Belarus is the only country outside the big three to lead a discipline.

Read more: Could Russias next breed of warplanes swat missiles aside using nothing but lasers?

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Russia is currently in top form in the marquee event of the games: the tank biathlon, an obstacle course tank race with a shooting accuracy round. The 2017 version of the event features Russia, China and India competing in their militarys own tanks, adding a level of strategic interest to the competitions entertainment.

Last week, Colonel General Oleg Salyukov, commander-in-chief of Russia's ground forces,hailed the country'stanks as the best in the worldby virtue of their dominating performance in the games for three years running.

All three of the Russian crews taking part in the biathlon on the outskirts of Moscowhold the fastest times around the track, ahead of Chinas fastest crew, which took fourth place. Indias fastest teamranks a distant eighth, behind one Kazakh crew and two Belarusian crews.

The International Army Games are an annual eventspearheaded by Russias Ministry of Defense. In addition to the tank biathlon, troops also compete in air maneuvers andscouting tasks, and race military trucks offroad.

Of the 28 participating countries, a NATO memberhas never taken part despite Moscows insistence that they are welcome to do so. In a statement to Newsweek, a NATO official said invitations to these military games are no substitute for proper transparency and confidence-building measuressuch as OSCE observation of military exerciseswhich Russia routinely avoids.

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Russian Military Leads China, India and Iran in International Army Games - Newsweek

Iran Is Using Syria to Advance Toward the Mediterranean – Wall Street Journal (subscription)


Wall Street Journal (subscription)
Iran Is Using Syria to Advance Toward the Mediterranean
Wall Street Journal (subscription)
Far from being a minor development in a violent and unstable region, this marks another Iranian success in its quest for power and dominance across the Middle East. Since its 1979 revolution, Iran has sought to become a dominant world power capable of ...

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Iran Is Using Syria to Advance Toward the Mediterranean - Wall Street Journal (subscription)

Couchsurfing in Iran: A country of culture – Stuff.co.nz

SEAN NUGENT

Last updated09:45, August 8 2017

SEAN NUGENT

The entrance to Iran's Grand Bazaar.

Iran is not the first place on most people's list of travel destinations. The Middle-Eastern nation has been virtually cut off from the majority of the Western world since the Islamic revolution that overthrew the Shah in 1979. It is often aligned with neighbouring nations struggling with war, terrorism, anti-US sentiments and an overwhelming amount of sand.

But the reality is far different. Iran is a country full of culture, history, welcoming people, and a surprising amount of greenery.

The capital Tehran can overwhelm even the most experienced travellers, with a population of 15 million people, as well as more than 5 million cars. At times, the noise can be deafening, and tourists should be extremely careful when crossing the road in front of some of the world's craziest drivers.

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The Grand Bazaar food stall rivals that of the same name in Istanbul.

Due to strict sanctions enforced by the United States, Iran is a cash-only country. There are no ATMs and foreign credit cards are useless. There are money exchange offices throughout the city that accept US dollars or euros.

READ MORE *How totravelthroughIranby bus *Backpacking 70-year-old hitchhiking throughIran *Ask an expert: Is solotravelsafe in the Middle East?

Social media sites like Facebook and Twitter are blocked and your best bet of keeping in contact with friends and family is via WhatsApp. Due to all of the above, the chaotic state of Tehran will come as a huge culture shock for most first-time visitors to Iran.

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Golestan Palace, the former home of the Qajar royal family.

Nonetheless, the city is full of energy and excitement. The hustle and bustle of the Grand Bazaar is comparable to that of the same name in Istanbul. Bargains can be found throughout the labyrinth of corridors, and travellers should check out the collection of high-quality Persian rugs and artwork.

Just a stone's throw away is the architectural beauty of Golestan Palace, the former home of the Qajar royal family. Arguably the greatest attraction in the city, the palace has several unique structures set in a large quiet complex with a beautiful garden. One could easily spend a few hours here viewing the nine separate museums and sites, or lounging in the shade next to a dancing water fountain.

Head to the streetside market and buy some fresh cherries and peaches, a range of nuts, or even a salami-filled sub. Iranian food is not of the same calibre as Italy, France or Greece, but it is cheap, healthy, and filling. A kilo of cherries is around NZ$6, a price you would be lucky to find even during peak season in Central Otago. For dinner, it's hard to go past a succulent lamb or chicken kebab. Accompanied by rice and a selection of vegetables, it is simple, but affordable, usually costing around $5.

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A view of Tehran on Mt Tochal trail

Tehran sits more than 1000 metres above sea level and lies at the foot of the imposing Alborz mountain range, where Iran's highest peak, Mt Damavand, rises to 5610m. In the foothills of its neighbour Mt Tochal lies the serene village of Darband, a definite must-visit while in Tehran. Like something out of a fairytale, a crystal clear river runs down through the village, with waterfalls, chasms, and an abundance of greenery creating the perfect setting for relaxation. For hiking enthusiasts, a trail out of the village winds its way up Tochal and provides an outstanding view of the city below.

Despite the size of Tehran, the drinking water is safe, as are the streets. Iranian people are remarkably friendly and will often approach you to ask where you'refrom and welcome you to their country. Thieves are very uncommon, and you will feel safe wherever you are in the city (although watch out while crossing the road!). As is the case in other Middle Eastern nations, women are required to wear a hijab in public and it is customary for both genders to cover their shoulders and wear some form of trousers. In summer when temperatures in the city often hover around 40 degrees celsius, this way of dress can be difficult to maintain. It's best to think ahead and pack very light clothing that will suit the conditions.

As Tehran is so high above sea level, winters often bring snowfall to the city. In 2014, one snow drift left over 2m of snow in parts of the city. The surrounding mountains are also home to some of the best skiing in the world. Dizin and Shemshak resorts are both less than two hours' drive out of Tehran and cost less than half than what it does for a day's skiing here in New Zealand.

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The serene village of Darband, a definite must-visit while in Tehran.

As Iran has been virtually cut off from the Western world, its people are not strong English speakers, even amongst the youth. Therefore, it would be wise to learn some Persian phrases, as you will need to deal with things in Persian outside of tourist attractions or public spaces like the metro or Grand Bazaar.

Venturing into Iran will throw you out of your depth and give you a massive culture shock. But in a world where travelling has become significantly easier with improvements to technology and English becoming a global language, Iran brings a fresh challenge to even the most experienced traveller. There a few other places on the globe that allow you to fully embrace the culture and have a truly unique experience away from home.

Getting there Several airlines fly into Tehran, including Emirates, Qatar Airways, and AirAsia. Built in 2004, Imam Khomeini Airport is located about 45 minutes drive outside of the city. Taxis and buses are available outside and there are plans the Tehran Metro will extend to the airport soon. The capital also serves as a great outpost to travel around the rest of the country, with the Caspian Sea lying in the north, and the beautiful city of Isfahan lying in a few hours south.

Sean Nugent is a 21-year old Massey University journalism student who has recently returned from couchsurfing in Iran.

-Stuff

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Couchsurfing in Iran: A country of culture - Stuff.co.nz