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TEHRAN, Iran -- Iran has imprisoned a Chinese-American man for ten years after accusing him of "infiltrating" the country and detained President Hassan Rouhani's brother over allegations of financial misconduct, authorities said Sunday.

Officials accused the U.S. citizen of "gathering information" and said he was "directly guided" by America.

The Chinese-American dual national was identified as Xiyue Wang, a 37-year-old history researcher, according to Mizan Online, a website affiliated with the judiciary.

He was not previously known to be among the handful of Americans detained in Iran.

"It was verified and determined that he was gathering [information] and was involved in infiltration," Judiciary spokesman Gholamhosein Mohseni Ejehi said during a routine press briefing.

Ejehi did not identify Wang by name. But hours after he spoke, Mizan published an article attributed to an unnamed source that revealed his identity and included several photos of him apparently taken from the internet.

His sentence can be appealed, CBS News foreign correspondent Debora Patta reports.

Princeton University

News of the detentions comes less than two months after relative moderate Rouhani beat a hard-line opponent to win reelection by running in large part on his record of pursuing greater engagement with the West. They were announced by the judiciary, a pillar of hard-liners' influence.

The Mizan article said Wang was born in Beijing and entered Iran as a researcher. It pointed to graduate studies he did at Princeton University in 2013 and 2014, and described him as a fluent speaker of Persian.

In a statement to CBS News, Daniel Day, Princeton's assistant vice president at the Office of Communications, said Wang is a fourth-year doctoral candidate in the history department.

"His field is late 19th and early 20th century Eurasian history. He was in Iran last summer solely for the purpose of doing scholarly research on the administrative and cultural history of the late Qajar dynasty in connection with his Ph.D. dissertation," the statement said.

"We were very distressed to learn that charges were brought against him in connection with his scholarly work, and to learn of the subsequent conviction and sentence," the statement said. "We cannot comment more at the present time, except to say that the University continues to do everything it can to be supportive of Mr. Wang and his family."

Wang was arrested on Aug. 8, 2016 and is accused of passing confidential information about Iran to the U.S. State Department, Princeton's Sharmin and Bijan Mossavar-Rahmani Center for Iran and Persian Gulf Studies, the Harvard Kennedy School and the British Institute of Persian Studies, according to Mizan. It alleged he recorded some 4,500 pages of digital documents.

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The U.S. State Department was not immediately able to provide details on the case. It said its citizens' safety and security is a top priority.

The U.S. does not maintain formal diplomatic relations with Tehran and warns its citizens traveling there that they risk arrest or being barred from leaving Iran.

"The Iranian regime continues to detain U.S. citizens and other foreigners on fabricated national-security related changes," it said in a statement to The Associated Press. "We call for the immediate release of all U.S. citizens unjustly detained in Iran so they can return to their families."

The arrest of the president's brother, meanwhile, stunned many in Iran.

Ejehi said the brother, Hossein Fereidoun, was taken into custody over allegations of financial impropriety and is eligible for bail, but has not paid it yet.

Fereidoun is a close confidante of the moderate president, a cleric who changed his surname to Rouhani, meaning "spiritual," after joining the seminary decades ago.

Fereidoun was part of the negotiating team that ultimately sealed Iran's landmark nuclear deal with world powers in 2015, winning the country relief from international sanctions in exchange for limits on its atomic energy program.

The deal was unpopular with Iranian hard-liners, whose influence runs deep within the judiciary. They saw the nuclear deal as giving too much away in exchange for too little.

Fereidoun has long been a target of hard-liners, who have accused him of misdeeds including money laundering and misappropriation of government funds.

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The unproven allegations were a flashpoint during the May presidential election, with the president's hard-line challengers demanding that the judiciary investigate accusations against Fereidoun.

Wang is one of several Americans in Iranian custody.

Iranian-American art gallery manager Karan Vafadari was detained along with his Iranian wife last year. They have yet to be convicted of a crime.

Iranian-American businessman Siamak Namazi and his 81-year-old father, Baquer Namazi, are each serving 10-year sentences for "cooperating with the hostile American government."

Another Iranian-American, Robin Shahini, was released on bail last year after staging a weeks-long hunger strike while serving an 18-year prison sentence for "collaboration with a hostile government."

Washington Post correspondent Jason Rezaian spent 18 months behind bars. CBS News correspondent Elizabeth Palmer reported Rezaian was arrested in Iran on vague spying charges and jailed in the notorious Evin prison for a year and a half, at times in solitary confinement. After his release in 2016, he said that he was repeatedly told by his jailers that nobody knew of his plight and the U.S. would not lift a finger for his release, CBS News' Patta reported.

Still missing is former FBI agent Robert Levinson, who vanished in Iran in 2007 while on an unauthorized CIA mission.

Also in an Iranian prison is Nizar Zakka, a U.S. permanent resident from Lebanon who advocates for internet freedom. He lives in Washington D.C. and has done work for the U.S. government. He was sentenced to 10 years behind bars last year after being accused of espionage-related charges.

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Maryam Mirzakhani was the first woman to win the Fields medal. Photograph: Maryam Mirzakhani /Stanford University/EPA

Irans state-run newspapers on Sunday broke with the countrys strict rules on female dress to show the mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani with her head uncovered, as the country mourned the death at the age of 40 of the woman known as the queen of mathematics.

Tributes were led by the president, Hassan Rouhani, who posted a recent picture of Mirzakhani on Instagram without a hijab. The grievous passing of Maryam Mirzakhani, the eminent Iranian and world-renowned mathematician, is very much heartrending, he wrote.

Mirzakhani, a Stanford University professor, died in hospital in California on Saturday after cancer in her breast spread to her bone marrow. The university president, Marc Tessier-Lavigne, said Mirzakhanis influence would live on in the thousands of women she inspired to pursue maths and science.

When in 2014 she became the first woman to win the Fields medal, often described as maths Nobel prize, Iranian newspapers digitally retouched Mirzakhanis photograph to put a scarf over her head while others published a sketch showing only her face. Irans strict laws on female dress require all women to be covered in public.

The front page of Hamshahri, a state newspaper, particularly stood out, winning praise for portraying her as she had lived. Maths genius yielded to algebra of death, read its headline over a picture of Mirzakhani without a hijab. The queen of mathematics eternal departure, read the headline of Donya-e-Eqtesads headline.

The Fields medal, first given in 1936, is awarded to exceptional talents under the age of 40 once every four years. Mirzakhani won the prize in 2014 for her outstanding contributions to the dynamics and geometry of Riemann surfaces and their moduli spaces.

Christiane Rousseau, vice-president of the International Mathematics Union, said at the time it was an extraordinary moment and compared it to Marie Curies Nobel prizes in physics and chemistry at the beginning of the 20th century.

In another sign that Mirzakhani was breaking more taboos even after her death, a group of parliamentarians in Iran on Sunday urged the speeding up of an amendment to a law that would allow children of Iranian mothers married to foreigners to be given Iranian nationality.

Mirzakhani is survived by her Czech scientist husband and her daughter but a marriage between an Iranian woman and a non-Muslim man was previously not recognised, complicating visits to Iran by their children. Fars news agency reported on Sunday that 60 MPs were pressing for the amendments so that Mirzakhanis daughter could visit Iran.

Mirzakhanai was born and raised in Iran. She studied at Tehrans prestigious Sharif university and later finished a PhD at Harvard in 2004.

She had survived a bus crash in February 1998 when a vehicle carrying the mathematical elite of Tehrans Sharif University back from a competition in the western city of Ahwaz skidded out of control and crashed into a ravine. Seven award-winning mathematicians and two drivers lost their lives in the crash.

Mirzakhani and at least two other survivors later left their country, underlying Irans long-standing brain drain difficulties.

A light was turned off today, it breaks my heart Gone far too soon, said Firouz Naderi, an Iranian Nasa scientist. A genius? Yes. But also a daughter, a mother and a wife.

Tessier-Lavigne, the Stanford president, described Mirzakhanai as a brilliant mathematical theorist, and also a humble person who accepted honours only with the hope that it might encourage others to follow her path.

Edward Frenkel, University of California Berkeley professor and the author of the New York Times bestseller Love and Math, tweeted: RIP #MaryamMirzakhani a great mathematician and wonderful human being who broke a glass ceiling and inspired many, men and women alike.

Mirzakhani predominantly worked on geometric structures on surfaces and their deformations.

A statement from Stanford said she specialised in theoretical mathematics that read like a foreign language by those outside of mathematics: moduli spaces, Teichmller theory, hyperbolic geometry, Ergodic theory and symplectic geometry.

In a rare 2008 interview, with the Clay Mathematics Institute, Mirzakhani said as a child she dreamt of becoming a writer and did poorly at maths at school.

I never thought I would pursue mathematics until my last year in high school, she said, crediting her older brother for getting her interested in maths and science.

My older brother was the person who got me interested in science in general. He used to tell me what he learned in school. My first memory of mathematics is probably the time that he told me about the problem of adding numbers from 1 to 100. (The answer is 5,050 and the trick is to look at pairs that add up to 101.)

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Maryam Mirzakhani: Iranian newspapers break hijab taboo in tributes - The Guardian

WASHINGTON Irans top diplomat Sunday accused President Trump of violating the international nuclear deal.

The United States has failed to implement its part of the bargain, Iran foreign minister Javad Zarif told CNNs Fareed Zakaria GPS.

He pointed to Trumps recent meetings in Germany with world leaders as evidence of the US violating the two-year-old deal.

President Trump used his presence in Hamburg during the G-20 meeting, in order to dissuade leaders from other countries to engage in business with Iran. That is violation of not the spirit but of the letter of the JCPOA, of the nuclear deal, Zarif said.

I believe the United States needs to bring itself into compliance with its party of the obligation under the deal.

Trump campaigned on ripping up the disastrous Iran nuclear deal that was negotiated by President Obamas administration. But Trumps team is expected to certify as soon as Monday that Iran is in compliance with the deal, according to the Washington Post. Its part of the routine certification required every 90 days.

Zarif said Iran has held up its part of the deal as verified by the International Atomic Energy Agency.

The IAEA has verified, I believe, seven times now since the implementation date that Iran has implemented the deal faithfully, fully and completely, Zarif said. Unfortunately we cannot make the same statement about the United States.

Four GOP senators Sens. Marco Rubio (R-FL), Tom Cotton (R-AR), David Perdue (R-GA), and Ted Cruz (R-TX) are urging the Trump Administration to not certify Irans compliance with the deal in order to bring back sanctions. Among the points of evidence they cite are German intelligence reports in 2015 and 2016 that Iran tried to procure nuclear and missile technology.

Zarif brushed aside the allegations and said Iran only engages in peaceful nuclear operations as permitted by the deal.

It is enrichment to engage in peaceful purposes, Zarif said.

He said naysayers of the deal are just trying to build up fear.

I think people basically want to engage in scare-mongering, he said.

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Iran's top diplomat accuses Trump of violating nuclear deal - New York Post

ANALYSIS/OPINION:

ISIS has captivated Western attention for so long with its gruesome beheadings, stabbings, vehicular homicides, shootings and bombings in Europe and the United States, the horrific aftermaths deservedly the focus of television news, that virtually forgotten is the worlds biggest terror threat Irans IRGC, the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

The IRGC, often misidentified in Western press as the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps, Irans Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps dwarfs ISIS by any measure.

ISIS never had more than about 30,000 fighters, equipped mostly with small arms, with very little access to high-tech weaponry.

In contrast, the IRGC has about 125,000 fighters. It is the only terror organization in the world with an army, navy, and special forces.

The IRGC Army has 100,000 troops in 20 infantry divisions. The IRGC Navy has 20,000 sailors, including 5,000 Marines. IRGC Special Forces, called the Quds (Jersusalem) Force numbers 5,000.

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps also has reservists called the Basij Militia, paramilitary volunteers numbering 90,000 normally but potentially capable of mobilizing an estimated 300,000 to 1 million fighters.

The IRGC is not to be confused with Irans regular armed forces, called the Artesh. Irans regular army, like normal armies everywhere, is responsible for defending Irans territorial integrity and political independence.

The Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps is the instrument by which Iran is the worlds leading sponsor of international terrorism including against its own people.

The IRGC was founded on May 5, 1979, in the immediate aftermath of Irans Islamic Revolution that overthrew the shah and brought to power the mullahs, the Islamic clerics who run Iran today. The mullahs purged the regular army, but still did not trust it.

So they formed the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps as a military and ideological counterweight to the regular army and to the people, to ensure that there would be no counter-revolution to overthrow Irans Islamic state. The IRGCs purpose is to preserve Irans Islamic nature, to stop deviant movements among the people that the mullahs see as a threat to Islam, to serve as morality police enforcing the tenets of Islam upon national life.

The IRGCs purpose is also to advance the Islamic Revolution in the Middle East and the world.

The genesis of the IRGC and its purpose parallels that of Adolph Hitlers establishment of the Schutzstaffel (the SS) as a check on Germanys regular army, the Wehrmacht, to ensure the permanence of Nazi power, to enforce ideological purity among the people, and to serve as the elite tip of the spear in Nazi Germanys conquest of the world.

The IRGC has killed and wounded thousands of Americans, far more than ISIS, in Iraq and Afghanistan. The IRGC has killed more U.S. allies too through their terror operations. For example, Hezbollah and Hamas, the twin terror plagues of Israel, are subsidized by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps.

While ISIS has sometimes been described as the first terrorist state because of their occupation of lands in Syria and Iraq from which ISIS is now on the verge of being expelled many analysts believe the IRGC is the dominant power in Iran, even more powerful than the mullahs.

The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps is deeply woven into the political and economic fabric of Iran. Former President Mamoud Ahmadinejad was an IRGC member, as are many of Irans parliamentarians and mayors.

The IRGC is a multi-billion dollar business empire, controlling much of Irans economy.

For example, Irans biggest construction company, Khatam al-Anbia, worth $7 billion, with 25,000 engineers and staff, belongs to the IRGC. The IRGC also controls the Telecommunications Company of Iran, worth $7.8 billion. Irans wealthiest charities, including the Mustazafan Foundation (Foundation of the Oppressed) and the Foundation of Martyrs and Veterans, belong to the IRGC.

Most worrisome about the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps is that it is in charge of Irans missile forces and nuclear, chemical, and biological weapon programs.

The U.S. Institute of Peace notes that, Iran has the largest and most diverse ballistic missile arsenal in the Middle East. And that most Iranian missiles were acquired from foreign sources notably North Korea.

Iran and North Korea are strategic partners, pledged by treaty to share science and technology. North Korean scientists are in Iran helping their space program, which is controlled by the IRGC.

According to the U.S. Institute of Peace: The Islamic Republic is the only country to develop a 2,000-km missile without first having a nuclear weapons capability.

A Congressional Research Service report Irans Foreign and Defense Policies (October 2016) and the Federation of American Scientists warn of evidence that Iran is pursuing chemical and biological weapons in violation of its obligations under the Chemical Weapons Convention and Biological Weapons Convention. German Federal intelligence warned in 2015 the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps sought German equipment for atomic, biological, and chemical weapons in a war.

When the smoke clears over Raqqa and ISIS is no more in Syria and Iraq, the IRGC will be there, and its proxies will be everywhere, casting a darker, more ominous shadow of terror over the world.

R. James Woolsey was director of the Central Intelligence Agency. Peter Vincent Pry is chief of staff of the congressional EMP Commission and served in the House Armed Services Committee and the CIA.

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Iran terrorizes own people with Revolutionary Guard - Washington Times

DUBAI (Reuters) - Iran on Saturday blamed what it called Donald Trump's "arbitrary and conflicting policies" for global security threats, rejecting the U.S. president's description of Tehran as a rogue state.

Tensions between Iran and the United States have heightened since the election of Trump, who has often singled out Tehran as a key backer of militant groups.

"(Trump) ought to seek the reason for subversion and rebellion in his own arbitrary and conflicting policies and actions, as well as those of his arrogant, aggressive and occupying allies in the region," said foreign ministry spokesman Bahram Qassemi, quoted by Iran's state news agency IRNA.

President Trump said on Thursday that new threats were emerging from "rogue regimes like North Korea, Iran and Syria and the governments that finance and support them".

Senior Iranian officials have blamed U.S-allied Saudi Arabia, Iran's Sunni Muslim regional rival, for instability and attacks in the Middle East, including last month's assaults that killed 18 people in Tehran.

Saudi Arabia has denied involvement in the attacks which were claimed by Islamic state.

While Trump has kept up his criticism of Tehran, a senior U.S. official said on Thursday that the president was "very likely" to state that Iran is adhering to its nuclear agreement with world powers although he continues to have reservations about it.

Reporting by Dubai newsroom; Editing by Stephen Powell

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Iran blames Trump for instability, rejects 'rogue' label - Reuters