Surprising study: Liberals might outlive conservatives
Local residents react as they listen to Sen. Bernie Sanders, I-Vt. speak during a town hall meeting, Tuesday, Dec. 16, 2014, in Ames, Iowa. Sanders, as both a liberal and independent, is in two groups that showed low death rates in a new study. If his supporters share those traits -- and some yet-to-be-determined healthy traits that accompany those political leanings -- they might live longer, too.(Photo: Charlie Neibergall, AP)
Liberals live longer than conservatives in the United States, a new study suggests.
The results come as a surprise because previous research has consistently found that conservatives in other countries and Republicans in the United States report being happier and healthier traits usually linked to longer lives. Also, communities with high conservative or Republican election turnouts tend to have lower death rates.
But previous U.S. studies did not separate political ideology from party affiliation or look at whether conservatives actually died at a slower clip than liberals of similar education and income, says Roman Pabayo, a community health researcher at the University of Nevada, Reno.
The new study, published in the Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health, does all that and gives the edge to liberals.
"We were surprised," says Pabayo, who led the study as a fellow at the Harvard School of Public Health. But, he says, the results are believable because they depend on individual death records a "more valid measure" than the self-reports on health and the community death rates used in previous studies.
The new study included more than 32,000 adults who identified themselves as Democrats, Republicans, independents or other, and as liberal, moderate or conservative.
Researchers were able to track which of them died, and how quickly, over an average period of 15 years.
Results: Self-proclaimed conservatives and moderates were 6% more likely to die during follow-up than self-proclaimed liberals with otherwise similar traits, including age, sex and socioeconomic status. When sorted by party, Republicans and Democrats had similar death rates; independents had lower death rates.
The study included what people said about their health and happiness, but those factors did not seem to explain the differences, Pabayo says. Republicans claimed to be healthier and happier, just as they did in previous studies; conservatives claimed to be happier, but not healthier.
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Surprising study: Liberals might outlive conservatives