Leading From Behind Case Study: Libya
The first installment in our Strength and Security Project Leading from Behind Case Study Series focuses on how a lack of a clear national security strategy created a failed state in Libya....
By: ConcernedVets
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Leading From Behind Case Study: Libya - Video
TIME World Libya Egyptian Involvement Sparked Libya Oil Port Battle, Expert Says General view of the industrial zone at the oil port of Ras Lanuf on March 11, 2014. Esam Al-FetoriReuters Islamists suspected Libya's government in Tobruk was receiving reinforcements from Egypt
An ongoing battle for two of Libyas key oil ports began last weekend because Islamist-leaning militias feared Egypt planned to reinforce the Libyan elected government based in the eastern city of Tobruk, according to a Tripoli-based analyst.
The fighting that has closed the oil terminals at Ras Lanuf and Sidra underscores how fears of Egyptian meddling in Libya is leading to an escalation of the countrys armed conflict. They had information or belief that the Tobruk side was being reinforced in its military capacities, says Claudia Gazzini, senior Libya analyst based in Tripoli with International Crisis Group. The more evidence there is of Egyptian involvement, the greater the risk the opposing side might make abrupt strategy choices, like the one we saw over the weekend.
Libyas internationally-recognized government in Tobruk is locked in armed conflict with a rival government run by the Islamist-leaning Libya Dawn movement, based in Tripoli. The Tobruk government is allied with Khalifa Heftar, a general who declared war earlier this year against Libya Dawn. Heftars campaign, dubbed Operation Dignity, has triggered some of the deadliest fighting since the 2011 armed uprising that overthrew the regime of Muammar Gaddafi.
Egypt is concerned about instability from Libya spilling over into its territory. Egypt shares a long desert border with Libya that has been used to smuggle weapons, particularly since the 2011 uprising. More broadly, the Egyptian government led by President Abdel-Fattah el-Sisi, who led the militarys 2013 overthrow of Egypts elected Islamist government, regards the Tobruk government as one ally in what they see as a regional struggle against political Islam in which policy is guided primarily by religious rather than practical considerations.
They want to reshape Libyas political landscape where the Muslim Brotherhood and political Islamists dont have a powerful role, says Frederic Wehrey, a senior associate in the Middle East Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace in Washington D.C. The larger fear of having a country next door or where the Brotherhood is dominant is a real political concern for them.
Though Egyptian officials deny direct military involvement, Egypt has taken a number of steps to aid the Tobruk side. In August, U.S. officials confirmed that Egypt allowed its airbases to be used in surprise airstrikes by the United Arab Emirates on targets in Libya. In November, Egypt sent special forces on two raids inside Libya, according to Western officials quoted by the New York Times.
In addition, forces allied to the Tobruk government have received weapons from Egypt. Gazzini says that in October she observed an Egyptian ship unloading in Tobruk port and that officials there confirmed that the ship delivered light arms.
In interviews in Cairo, Egyptian officials acknowledge that Egypt shares intelligence with the Tobruk authorities, but deny direct military operations. Our position on the crisis in Libya is clear: to provide information, expertise and training, says Hossam Khairallah, a former general in Egypts intelligence service. But the conditions do not permit or favor intervention in Libya.
Libya is just one arena where Egypt joins the wealthy Gulf monarchies of the UAE and Saudi Arabia in what Egyptian officials see as a regional power struggle with the forces of political Islam. Opposing them are other states, including Qatar and Turkey who are regarded as more sympathetic to the Muslim Brotherhood and other Islamist groups. The rivals also back competing rebel groups in Syria, as well as rival factions in Lebanon and in Palestinian politics.
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Egyptian Involvement Sparked Libya Oil Port Battle, Expert Says
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