Archive for the ‘Libya’ Category

Militants’ bodies left to rot for years, in symbol of Libya’s disarray – Reuters

Food refrigerated containers, that hold corpses of alleged Islamic State fighters, are pictured in Kararim, near Misrata, Libya January 4, 2022. Libyan Criminal Investigation Bureau/Handout via REUTERS

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MISRATA, Libya, Jan 13 (Reuters) - Hundreds of bodies of Islamic State fighters killed in battle years ago are rotting in food freezers outside a Libyan city while authorities work out what to do with them, a grim reminder of the disarray a failed election was meant to address.

Stored in a dusty corner of a compound southeast of Misrata, the 742 bodies were gathered by the internationally recognised government in 2016 from battlefields and informal graves, but there was no agreement on how or where they should be buried.

Instead, Libya's conflict rumbled on, frontlines shifted, governments changed and financial crises came and went. The corpses, meanwhile, began to decompose, as power supplies to refrigerated containers were interrupted.

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The compound, run by a police unit and surrounded by fences and security cameras, reeks of decay. Weeds grow between the containers and an abandoned forensic tent stands under the burning sun.

"Power cuts for long periods make the situation, the bad smell, worse," said Salah Ahmed of the police unit handling the compound.

Originally assembled for identification and proper burial, even those fighters identified by documents or former comrades remain uncollected by foreign states or family members, leaving it up to the Tripoli government to dispose of them.

One plan that assigned a burial ground in the city of Sirte, which Islamic State seized in 2015 and held for over a year, was thwarted when frontlines moved.

Another, to bury them at a cemetery originally dedicated to migrants who died while trying to cross through Libya and on to Europe, was cancelled because it was not big enough.

The police unit running the compound says the interim government has assigned a budget to bury the bodies soon. Neither a date nor a location have been announced.

The Government of National Unity did not respond to a request for comment.

Meanwhile, Tripoli authorities have other priorities amid political jostling that undermined the election and ongoing rivalries between local forces who control their own fiefdoms.

A planned ballot last month was seen as a possible way forward, giving Libya's new rulers a clearer mandate to deal conclusively with the ugly remnants of war. But the vote never happened amid rows over basic rules among rival factions.

MILITANTS EXPLOITED CHAOS

Libya fell apart after the 2011 NATO-backed uprising against Muammar Gaddafi, as victorious rebel groups fell out and political factions squabbled for control of lucrative organs of state.

Amid the chaos, and as Arab Spring uprisings elsewhere spawned a new wave of militancy, devotees of Islamic State started staging attacks and seizing territory, including Gaddafi's hometown of Sirte.

Hundreds of foreign supporters of the group slipped into Libya hoping to join local fighters who had rallied to its cause.

The image of Islamic State's black flag flying over a major Libyan city was for many a symbol of the country's collapse.

When pro-government forces overran the group in Sirte in late 2016 after months of fighting, hundreds of militants' bodies were left under the rubble or in shallow graves their comrades had dug.

Apart from a major shooting in Tripoli in 2019, Islamic State has since been limited to small raids on remote desert towns, but some experts warn that any major recurrence of warfare could give it space to return.

The previous government ordered bodies to be collected from the rubble and exhumed from mass graves for identification and return to their countries of origin or Libyan families.

It also wanted to gather evidence of the flow of foreign jihadists into Libya.

Using documents and photographs, and by speaking to captured militants, the authorities identified over 50 of the bodies, mostly from Arab and African countries but with provisional identifications of a British woman and a French child.

Now the police looking after the bodies say they hope the interim government can find a solution quickly. Four of the 10 refrigerator units are not working. When that happens, bodies have to be moved to ones that are.

Though Libya is a major oil producer, political chaos has undermined infrastructure, including power supply.

"Keeping the bodies in freezers is expensive and stressful," said Ahmad. "The conditions are not appropriate."

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Reporting by Ayman Elumami in Misrata and Nadeen Ebrahim in Cairo; additional reporting by Islam Alatrash; editing by Angus McDowall and Mike Collett-White

Our Standards: The Thomson Reuters Trust Principles.

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Militants' bodies left to rot for years, in symbol of Libya's disarray - Reuters

Ill be killed once arrested: The migrant activists trapped in Libya with a target on their backs – The Independent

David Olaver and Hassan Azakaria are sure the authorities and armed militias would kill them if they could find their hideout somewhere in Libya.

To escape, they stay out of public sight, move from one place to another under cover of darkness, and take extreme cautionary measures to ensure their calls are not intercepted.

Both have appealed for help to escape Libya. They accuse the United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees (UNHCR) in Tripoli and Libyan officials of dodging their desperate pleas for safety.

The pair, who have campaigned about the ill-treatment of refugees and asylum seekers in Libya, spoke to The Independent from two unidentified locations in the country.

David explains how he survived another attack by three armed men on Friday. I am afraid I would be killed once arrested, he says.

Hassan, who had to separate from David to avoid being arrested together, and is now also on the run, says he is gripped with fear of the unknown.

We move from one place to another to avoid being arrested. If they arrest anyone of us, he will definitely die because of what weve been doing, he says.

David is an outspoken illegal migrant from South Sudan. He has created a website and has been active on Twitter to denounce the treatment of refugees detained in Libya.

Hassan is Sudanese and has been stranded in Libya for more than three years. Both failed at least three times to cross the Mediterranean to Europe as they fled civil war, social unrest and corruption in their respective countries.

A Libyan human rights activist, who is close to David and Hassan and spoke under condition of anonymity for safety reasons, warned that both activists are in great danger.

The Libyan authorities and militias are looking for David and Hassan, and this is proof of their influence and courage.

A Libyan government spokesperson and other officials did not respond to multiple requests for comment by The Independent.

In October, the Libyan authorities rounded up more than 5,000 migrants in the western town of Gargaresh, including hundreds of children and women, many pregnant, according to the UN. Authorities at the time described it as a security operation against illegal migration and drug trafficking.

Activists say that since then the situation of stranded refugees and asylum seekers in Libya has only deteriorated.

When Gargaresh was attacked, I managed to escape. The day after, I organised a peaceful demonstration with others who escaped from the prison, David says.

David, who has become a spokesperson for a large number of migrants, has been part of negotiations with the UNHCR and Libyan illegal immigration authorities over the relocation of refugees and better detention conditions.

But last week, Libyan security forces violently dispersed and arrested more than 600 refugees and asylum seekers and burned down their makeshift tents where they had been camping out in front of the UNHCR centre in Tripoli since last October.

Those arrested were sent to a detention centre in the nearby town of Ain Zara, while others managed to flee.

Libya has been in constant turmoil since an uprising toppled and killed long-time dictator Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. The North African country has since become the main transit point for migrants seeking to cross the Mediterranean to Europe.

According to the UN, Libya currently hosts 43,113 registered refugees and asylum-seekers. Up to 90 per cent of people crossing the Mediterranean to Europe depart from Libya.

Traffickers pack ill-equipped rubber or wooden boats with migrants, many fleeing war or poverty in Africa and the Middle East. But thousands have drowned during the dangerous journey, and those rescued and then returned to Libya are often taken to overcrowded and inhumane detention camps that are rife with torture, sexual assault and other abuses.

David and Hassan say they are on the run to avoid being arrested and killed. After last weeks crackdown, David says the pair have become primary targets for the authorities.

They came and called our names out, as the leaders of the protests, he says. He also claims he received phone calls from unknown numbers for two days in an apparent attempt to pinpoint his location.

David says he had to change his phone SIM card and location multiple times to avoid his Libyan neighbours identifying him.

I had changed eight places in four days. I barely sleep, he says. I have been imprisoned so many times here in Libya and dodged countless detentions. Now my life is at risk.

David accuses the UNHCR of failing to provide him and hundreds of activists and migrants in Libya with safety from the inhumane treatment meted out by authorities.

I am afraid I would be killed once arrested. Libya doesnt want me; the militias dont like what I do, and the UNHCR doesnt want to protect me.

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Ill be killed once arrested: The migrant activists trapped in Libya with a target on their backs - The Independent

Libya still the most popular starting point for illegal migration to Europe – The National

Libya was the most popular departure point for illegal crossings into southern Europe last year, the European Border and Guard Agency said.

One-third of about 200,000 people who were stopped last year by coastal and border guards in European countries had arrived by crossing the Central Mediterranean.

The route runs from North Africa, primarily from Libya, to Italy.

Frontex, as the agency is called, said in its latest survey illegal immigration is up 83 per cent, year-on-year.

The UNs refugee agency said the popularity of the route was unlikely to drop, owing to Libyas proximity to Europe and that political instability in the country prevented an effective border force operation from being mounted.

Most of those using the route rely on unstable vessels and rickety boats to cross dangerous waters. They are often subject to exploitation by human traffickers.

The total number registered by Frontex in 2021 is the highest since 2017.

People migrating illegally or seeking refuge have seized on the relaxing of Covid-19 restrictions in many countries.

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Up to 65,000 people have tried to reach Europe from Libya or Tunisia.

They were followed by nearly 60,000 from the Balkans, the report said.

The border authorities returned more than 18,000 citizens of non-EU states to 102 destination countries last year.

About one in 10 of all detected irregular crossings last year occurred on the Eastern Mediterranean route, from about 20,000 people. The Eastern Mediterranean route refers to arrivals from Turkey, Greece, Cyprus and Bulgaria.

Syrians remained the most frequently reported nationality of the people detected when crossing the border without permission, followed by Tunisians, Moroccans, Algerians and Afghans.

As in 2020, women continued to make up fewer than one in 10 arrivals in 2021, a significant drop in their share compared with that in 2019.

A migrant rescued by Tunisia's national guard during an attempt to enter Europe by crossing the Mediterranean by boat at the port of El Ketef, near the border with Libya. All photos: AFP

The Frontex data cover only people who tried to enter the EU illegally and were caught. There is no accurate information on the number of people who infiltrated the bloc.

But the International Organisation for Migration estimates that about 610,000 migrants, comprising more than 44 nationalities, are in Libya.

Many of them have escaped war and poverty elsewhere in Africa and hope to reach Europe by crossing the Mediterranean.

The UN has condemned the Libyan authorities for subjecting tens of thousands of migrants to appalling treatment including enslavement, torture and rape.

On Monday, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said more than 12,000 people were known to be held in 27 prisons and detention centres in Libya and that thousands more were being detained illegally.

To curb migration through the Mediterranean, EU countries, chiefly Italy, have signed agreements with Libyan officials to train and equip local coastguards.

Migrants aboard a rubber boat end up in the water before being rescued by 'Sea Watch-3' crew members, approximately 35 miles from Libya. All photos: AP

Last year was one of the deadliest for illegal migration to Europe by sea or land, with at least 4,400 deaths, the IOM said.

The figure could be far higher because unseaworthy boats often sink without a trace.

A group of international human rights organisations, including Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, said in a joint statement last year that the Central Mediterranean route is one of the most dangerous migration routes in the world.

Many lives could be saved if EU member states ensured and enabled robust search and rescue operations in the Central Mediterranean. Theres no evidence that SAR operations encourage people to embark, the statement said.

The first presidential election was due to take place in Libya on December 24, followed by legislative polls, but the UN-sponsored electoral process was postponed owing to political tension.

Updated: January 19th 2022, 5:18 AM

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Libya still the most popular starting point for illegal migration to Europe - The National

Situation in Libya – International Criminal Court

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Situation in Libya - International Criminal Court

US to return looted Veiled Head of a Female antiquity to Libya – The National

American prosecutors and law enforcement officers have announced they are to return an ancient antiquity to Libya after investigators concluded that smugglers had stolen the marble artefact from its country of origin.

It is with great pleasure that we are returning the Veiled Head of a Female back to the nation of Libya, from where it was looted during civil unrest, Erik Rosenblatt, deputy special agent in charge at Homeland Security Investigations in New York, said in a statement.

Though this antiquity has a monetary value of more than $1.2 million, it is the historical and sentimental value of the antiquities that renders it priceless to the people of Libya.

A long investigation last month concluded that New York billionaire Michael H Steinhardt bought the antiquity in 2000. It came from a tomb in the ancient city of Cyrene, modern day Shahhat, in north-eastern Libya.

Founded in the seventh century BC, Cyrene was added to the World Heritage List in 1992. Since the downfall of the former regime of Muammar Qaddafi in 2011, the region's priceless land witnessed illegal construction of housing blocs and looting incidents with artefacts smuggled and sold abroad.

Prosecutors have worked over the past five years with investigators from several countries including Iraq, Egypt, Jordan, Syria, Israel, Turkey and Lebanon.

They said Mr Steinhardt whose net worth is estimated by Forbes to be $1.2 billion has owned and traded more than 1,000 antiquities since 1987 and his art collection has been valued at about $200m.

American billionaire Michael Steinhardt has agreed to turn over $70 million worth of stolen antiquities and will be subject to an unprecedented lifetime ban on acquiring such items. AP

His lawyers said he agreed to surrender 180 stolen antiquities valued at $70m. Mr Steinhardt, 81, from Brooklyn, has been banned for life from acquiring antiquities.

Im committed to ensuring transactions in the art industry are legal and those peddling in stolen or looted antiquities are shut down," Manhattan District Attorney Alvin Bragg said. "While the million-dollar price-tag on this relic is impressive, you cant put a price on a countrys cultural heritage.

The Veiled Head of a Female is the first object of the looted collection from 11 countries to be repatriated.

A Neolithic mask (C) loaned by Michael Steinhardt is displayed at the Israel Museum in Jerusalem. AP

The antiquities had been trafficked for years by 12 illicit networks and appeared on the international art market without legal paperwork.

New York state laws allow prosecutors to return stolen property such as antiquities to its rightful owners irrespective of when the theft took place.

The US is one of the first countries to sign and ratify the 1970 Unesco Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property.

Unesco estimates the illegal trading in antiquities and cultural valuables rakes is worth about $10bn a year.

Updated: January 13th 2022, 4:48 PM

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US to return looted Veiled Head of a Female antiquity to Libya - The National