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Basel, July 7, 2020 Novartis today announced that the European Commission (EC) has approved Enerzair Breezhaler (QVM149; indacaterol acetate, glycopyrronium bromide and mometasone furoate [IND/GLY/MF]) as a maintenance treatment of asthma in adult patients not adequately controlled with a maintenance combination of a longacting beta2agonist (LABA) and a high-dose of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) who experienced one or more asthma exacerbations in the previous year. Once-daily Enerzair Breezhaler is the first LABA/long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA)/ICS fixed-dose combination available in the EU for these patients. The approval also includes an optional digital companion with sensor and app that provides inhalation confirmation, medication reminders and access to objective data to better support therapeutic decisions. The EC decision is applicable to all 27 European Union member states as well as the UK, Iceland, Norway and Liechtenstein.

Novartis is working to reimagine medicine for people with uncontrolled asthma, who find it a challenge to achieve effective symptom and exacerbation control, said Rod Wooten, Head of Global Marketing, Novartis Pharmaceuticals. The approval of Enerzair Breezhaler with sensor and app in the EU is an example of our commitment to utilize data and digital offerings to make asthma control an achievable goal for patients and physicians.

Enerzair Breezhaler is provided in a transparent capsule that allows patients to see that they have taken their medication and will be administered via the dose-confirming Breezhaler device, which enables once-daily inhalation using a single inhaler. The digital companion includes a sensor that attaches to the Breezhaler device and can be linked to the Propeller Health smartphone app, providing patients with inhalation confirmation, medication reminders and access to objective data that can be shared with their physician in order to help them make better therapeutic decisions.

Today, over 45% of asthma patients at GINA Steps 4 and 5 remain uncontrolled, demonstrating the need for new treatments, delivery approaches and patient support to ensure that medication is taken correctly and treatment goals are reached, said Professor David Price, Chair of Primary Care Respiratory Medicine, University of Aberdeen. Once-daily Enerzair Breezhaler plus a digital companion could help to facilitate greater collaborative disease management between physicians and patients in the EU whose asthma remains uncontrolled, despite LABA/ICS treatment.

The EC approval is based on robust efficacy and safety data from over 3,000 asthma patients in the Phase III IRIDIUM study, in which once-daily Enerzair Breezhaler was superior to once-daily Atectura Breezhaler (QMF149; IND/MF) in improving the lung function of patients whose asthma is uncontrolled with LABA/ICS standard-of-care treatment2. In the IRIDIUM study, the key secondary endpoint was improvement in the Asthma Control Questionnaire score (ACQ-7) for Enerzair Breezhaler versus Atectura Breezhaler2. Both treatments delivered clinically meaningful improvements in this measure of symptoms from baseline at Week 26, but the key secondary endpoint was not met2. Among other secondary analyses, IRIDIUM explored asthma exacerbation rates, where statistically significant reductions were observed in moderate-to-severe and severe asthma exacerbation rates with Enerzair Breezhaler compared with an established LABA/ICS standard-of-care (twice-daily salmeterol xinafoate/fluticasone propionate [Sal/Flu])2. Safety findings were consistent with the known safety profiles of the monocomponents2.

Once-daily Enerzair Breezhaler has been approved in Japan and Canada. Once-daily Atectura Breezhaler has been approved in the EU as a maintenance treatment of asthma for adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older not adequately controlled with ICS and inhaled short-acting beta2-agonists (SABA)5, and in Canada and Japan. Further regulatory reviews for Enerzair Breezhaler and Atectura Breezhaler are currently underway in multiple countries including Switzerland.

In keeping with the Novartis commitment to reduce the environmental impact of our asthma combinations, Enerzair Breezhaler and Atectura Breezhaler will both be available in the hydrofluoroalkane/chlorofluorocarbon (HFA/CFC)-free Breezhaler device. Novartis aims to drive sustainability and has set ambitious targets to minimize its impact on climate, waste and water, including targets to become carbon neutral in company operations by 2025.

About Uncontrolled Asthma Asthma affects an estimated 358 million people worldwide and can cause a significant personal, health and financial burden when not adequately controlled3,4. Despite current therapy, over 40% of patients with asthma at Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Step 3, and over 45% at GINA Steps 4 and 5 remain uncontrolled6,7. Patients with uncontrolled asthma may downplay or underestimate the severity of their disease and are at a higher risk of exacerbation, hospitalization or death8-10. Barriers, such as less than optimal adherence, incorrect inhaler technique, treatment mismatch, safety issues with oral corticosteroids and ineligibility for biologics, have created an unmet medical need in asthma11-14.

*About Enerzair Breezhaler (IND/GLY/MF) in the EUThe EC approved high-dose Enerzair Breezhaler (IND/GLY/MF) 150/50/160 g once-daily as a maintenance treatment of asthma in adult patients not adequately controlled with a maintenance combination of a longacting beta2agonist (LABA) and a high-dose of an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) who experienced one or more asthma exacerbations in the previous year1. This formulation combines the bronchodilation of indacaterol acetate (a LABA) and glycopyrronium bromide (a LAMA) with mometasone furoate (ICS) in a precise once-daily formulation, delivered via the dose-confirming Breezhaler device. Glycopyrronium bromide certain use and formulation intellectual property were exclusively licensed to Novartis in April 2005 by Sosei Heptares and Vectura. Mometasone furoate is exclusively licensed to Novartis from a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc, Kenilworth, NJ, USA, for use in IND/GLY/MF (worldwide excluding the US).

Novartis developed the optional digital companion in collaboration with Propeller Health, which includes the Propeller Health app and sensor custom-built for the Breezhaler device. The sensor is a CE marked Medical Device, designed and licensed to Novartis for use with the Breezhaler inhaler worldwide. The sensor includes a microchip, a microphone, Bluetooth capabilities, an antenna and a battery. The sensor does not alter the drug delivery characteristics of the Breezhaler inhaler itself but produces a recording of each administered dose. Based on the patients recorded medication usage, personalized content is presented within the app to help the patient better self-manage their asthma.

About the PLATINUM Clinical Development ProgramThe PLATINUM program, having enrolled over 7,500 patients worldwide, is the Novartis Phase III/IIIb clinical development program supporting the development of Enerzair Breezhaler (IND/GLY/MF) and Atectura Breezhaler (IND/MF). It includes four studies: the QUARTZ study, which compared a low-dose of Atectura Breezhaler with MF alone; the PALLADIUM study, which compared Atectura Breezhaler with MF and salmeterol xinafoate/fluticasone propionate (Sal/Flu); the IRIDIUM study, which compared Enerzair Breezhaler with Atectura Breezhaler and Sal/Flu; and the ARGON study, which compared Enerzair Breezhaler with a free combination of Sal/Flu plus tiotropium (Tio).

About the IRIDIUM study2IRIDIUM was a Phase III, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study, designed to compare the efficacy and safety of Enerzair Breezhaler (IND/GLY/MF) with Atectura Breezhaler (IND/MF) in patients with asthma.

The purpose of the trial was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two different doses of Enerzair Breezhaler (high: 150/50/160 g and medium:150/50/80 g), versus two corresponding Atectura Breezhaler doses (high: 150/320 g and medium: 150/160 g) in patients with uncontrolled asthma, as determined by pulmonary function testing and effects on asthma control.

All patients were required to be symptomatic at screening and to have one or more exacerbations in the previous year, despite being on treatment with medium or high stable doses of LABA/ICS. Approximately 3,092 male and female adult patients with asthma were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 (approximately 618 patients in each of the treatment groups) to receive either:

The primary objective of this study was to demonstrate superiority of both high-dose Enerzair Breezhaler versus high-dose Atectura Breezhaler and medium-dose Enerzair Breezhaler versus medium-dose Atectura Breezhaler, all delivered once-daily, in improving trough FEV1 (volume of air that can be forced out in the first second of expiration approximately 24 hours post-administration of study drug) after 26 weeks of treatment in patients with asthma.

The key secondary objective was to demonstrate the superiority of both doses of Enerzair Breezhaler versus respective doses of Atectura Breezhaler, in improving Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-7) score after 26 weeks of treatment in patients with asthma. Other secondary analyses also included reduction of exacerbation rate, comparing high-dose Enerzair Breezhaler with high-dose Atectura Breezhaler and medium-dose Enerzair Breezhaler with medium-dose Atectura Breezhaler. Secondary analyses included efficacy comparisons for both doses of Enerzair Breezhaler compared with Sal/Flu (50/500 g).

DisclaimerThis press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements can generally be identified by words such as potential, can, will, plan, may, could, would, expect, anticipate, seek, look forward, believe, committed, investigational, pipeline, launch, or similar terms, or by express or implied discussions regarding potential marketing approvals, new indications or labeling for the investigational or approved products described in this press release, or regarding potential future revenues from such products. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Such forward-looking statements are based on our current beliefs and expectations regarding future events, and are subject to significant known and unknown risks and uncertainties. Should one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. There can be no guarantee that the investigational or approved products described in this press release will be submitted or approved for sale or for any additional indications or labeling in any market, or at any particular time. Nor can there be any guarantee that such products will be commercially successful in the future. In particular, our expectations regarding such products could be affected by, among other things, the uncertainties inherent in research and development, including clinical trial results and additional analysis of existing clinical data; regulatory actions or delays or government regulation generally; global trends toward health care cost containment, including government, payor and general public pricing and reimbursement pressures and requirements for increased pricing transparency; our ability to obtain or maintain proprietary intellectual property protection; the particular prescribing preferences of physicians and patients; general political, economic and business conditions, including the effects of and efforts to mitigate pandemic diseases such as COVID-19; safety, quality, data integrity or manufacturing issues; potential or actual data security and data privacy breaches, or disruptions of our information technology systems, and other risks and factors referred to in Novartis AGs current Form 20-F on file with the US Securities and Exchange Commission. Novartis is providing the information in this press release as of this date and does not undertake any obligation to update any forward-looking statements contained in this press release as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

About NovartisNovartis is reimagining medicine to improve and extend peoples lives. As a leading global medicines company, we use innovative science and digital technologies to create transformative treatments in areas of great medical need. In our quest to find new medicines, we consistently rank among the worlds top companies investing in research and development. Novartis products reach nearly 800 million people globally and we are finding innovative ways to expand access to our latest treatments. About 109,000 people of more than 145 nationalities work at Novartis around the world. Find out more athttps://www.novartis.com.

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References1 Enerzair Breezhaler (indacaterol acetate, glycopyrronium bromide and mometasone furoate [IND/GLY/MF]) SmPC.2 Data on file3 GBD Chronic Respiratory Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national deaths, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years, and years lived with disability for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. Lancet Resp Med; 2017;5(9)691-706.4 AAFA. My Life With Asthma Survey Findings Report. Available at: https://www.aafa.org/media/1684/my-life-with-asthma-in-2017-survey-findings-report.pdf. Last accessed July 2020. 5 European Commission. Union Register of medicinal products for human use - Atectura Breezhaler. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/h1439.htm. Last accessed July 2020.6 Chung KF et al. International ERS/ATS guidelines on definition, evaluation and treatment of severe asthma. Eur Respir J 2014;43(2):343-73.7 Fang J et al. Demographic, clinical characteristics and control status of pediatric, adolescent, and adult asthma patients by GINA Step in a US longitudinal cohort. Am J Resp Crit Care Med 2018;197:A19038 Peters SP et al. Uncontrolled asthma: a review of the prevalence, disease burden and options for treatment. Respir Med 2006;100(7):1139-1151.9 Katsaounou P et al. Still Fighting for Breath: a patient survey of the challenges and impact of severe asthma. ERJ Open Res 2018;4(4):00076-2018.10 Price D et al. Asthma control and management in 8,000 European patients: the REcognise Asthma and LInk to Symptoms and Experience (REALISE) survey. NPJ Prim Care Respir Med 2014;24:14009.11 Price D, et al. Adverse outcomes from initiation of systemic corticosteroids for asthma: long-term observational study. J Asthma Allergy 2018;11:193-204.12 Albers FC et al. Biologic treatment eligibility for real-world patients with severe asthma: The IDEAL study. J Asthma 2018;55(2):152-160.13 Bourdin A, Halimi L. et al. Adherence in Severe Asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2012;42(11):1566-74.14 Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA). Pocket guide for asthma management and prevention. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/GINA-2019-main-Pocket-Guide-wms.pdf Last accessed July 2020.

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Novartis receives EC approval for Enerzair Breezhaler, including the first digital companion (sensor and app) that can be prescribed alongside a...

SINGAPORE - Workers' Party (WP) Sengkang candidate Raeesah Khan apologised on Sunday for two Facebook posts said to allege police discrimination against minorities.

At an unplanned press conference the party called on Sunday night, Ms Khan, 26, said she did not mean to cause social division, but had made the remarks as she wanted to raise awareness about minority concerns.

Flanked by WP leaders Pritam Singh, Sylvia Lim and her GRC teammates, Ms Khan, with her head bowed and reading from a piece of paper, said: "I apologise to any racial group or community who have been hurt by my comments.

"My remarks were insensitive, and I regret making them. I feel really passionate about minority issues regardless of race, and in my passion I made improper remarks, and I have to be accountable for them. I will fully cooperate in any police investigations."

The apology comes after the police issued a statement on Sunday about two police reports that were made against Ms Khan.

Police said in a statement on Sunday (July 5) that she had allegedly commented that Singapore law enforcement authorities discriminated against citizens, and that compared with other groups, rich Chinese and white people were treated differently under the law.

Another police report was made over a separate post. In the context of a news article on the City Harvest Church ruling, she was alleged to have commented that Singapore jailed minorities mercilessly, harassed mosque leaders but let "corrupt church leaders who stole $50 million" free.

Responding to questions from the media, Mr Singh said the party would stand behind its Sengkang team and he and Ms Lim were at the press conference to support them.

The rest of the candidates, equity analyst Louis Chua, economist Jamus Lim and lawyer He Ting Ru looked on solemnly but did not answer questions.

Asked if this matter would affect Ms Khan's candidacy, Mr Singh said it was too early to talk about it and that the police investigations would have to be allowed to take its course.

He added that he had not known about the Facebook posts beforehand, but noted that at 26-years-old, Ms Khan is WP's youngest candidate in this election and comes from a generation that has "completely grown up on social media".

"And for me, I would be actually a bit disappointed if our candidates try to sanitise their past. And I think they should be upfront and authentic to the public. This is who they are. And in the event there are certain posts or certain comments that they may have made which are untoward, then I would expect them to explain themselves."

He added that he has no regrets fielding her and that she will continue with her campaign.

"I know that she takes each case very seriously, regardless of race, regardless of religion. She's very vested in what issue the resident is facing," he said.

"I think those are very important criteria for me personally to consider someone for candidature, whether you are able to put yourself and walk a mile in the shoes of someone who needs help and assistance, so I've got no regrets for fielding a candidate who is like that, who is prepared to walk with residents and solve their problems and issues, and I think that's an important criteria, which resulted in Raeesah being selected as a candidate."

The Straits Times understands that both of the posts in question were made on her personal Facebook account.

One post was made on May 17 about an incident involving seven foreigners violating social distancing rules at Robertson Quay during the circuit breaker period.

"Imagine if this was a group of minorities," she had said, adding that she saw police patrolling near a hawker centre and supermarket near her house every day to ensure that people practise social distancing and mask-wearing.

"Do you see police officers here? Imagine if this was a neighbourhood hawker centre. There would be policemen swarming the area and enforcing the law within minutes," Ms Raeesah had said in her post.

"Why is the law different for these people? Is it because they're rich Chinese or white people? Do you think expats will be treated with the same disdain as migrant workers who broke the law?

"I'm not a fan of aggressive policing, but what I will not accept is law enforcement that discriminates against its citizens."

The seven foreigners, including four Britons, an Austrian and two Americans, were tracked down by the police and fined in court last month. Six of them had their work passes revoked by the Manpower Ministry and were banned from working in Singapore in future.

Ms Raeesah was comparing the case to a separate incident in April, in which a work pass holder was stripped of his pass and permanently banned from working in Singapore, after breaching circuit breaker measures. Another 39 foreign workers were also fined in April for gathering in groups.

The Straits Times understands the comments on the City Harvest Church ruling were also posted on Ms Raeesah's personal Facebook account in February 2018.

After the police reports were made, her social media accounts were made private.

The police said in its statement: "The police have consulted the Attorney-General's Chambers, which advised that an offence of promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion or race under Section 298A of the Penal Code is disclosed. Police investigations are ongoing."

For promoting enmity between different groups on grounds of religion or race under the Penal Code, a person can be jailed up to three years, or fined, or face both punishments.

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Singapore GE2020: WP's Raeesah Khan apologises for posts which allegedly promoted enmity between different groups - The Straits Times

Adrian Goldberg reports the murky background as the Championship team goes into administration in the casino culture of the modern game

Even by the murky standards of English football, the dizzying descent into administration of Wigan Athletic, just seven years after a famous FA Cup Final victory against Manchester City, is a disturbing turn of events.

It is a story of massive overspending, a company based in a tax haven, disappearing owners and what the towns MP Lisa Nandy suggests may be a major global scandal. Not bad for a club sitting just above the relegation zone in the Championship, the division below the Premier League.

Wigan, already battling against relegation, now faces a fight for its very existence amid calls by politicians, supporters and administrators for an overhaul of the regulations that have allowed this sorry situation to develop.

Lifelong supporter Martin Tarbuck summed up the mood in the town when he told Byline Times that putting the club into administration has devastated a community, could cost hundreds of jobs, has undone years of progress and may well kill a football club.

The Football League has proved time and time again that it can not control this issue. Clubs are community assets and they need to be protected.

This is not hyperbole.Football clubs are resilient institutions but can sometimes disappear altogether, as Bury FC demonstrated last September. After being expelled from the Football League for failing to meet a series of financial deadlines, the club now exists in name only.

Fans fear that Wigan might be forced out of business too, particularly at a time when the Coronavirus is making life difficult for many entrepreneurs who might otherwise wish to get involved.

So where has it all gone wrong for a club which enjoyed eight seasons of Premier League football from 2005 to 2013?

Before the game went into lockdown in March, the Latics as the club is affectionately known were on a good run of form and hoping to hold on to their place in the second tier of the English game.

But just as matches resumed behind closed doors, Wigans Hong Kong-based owner Au Yeung, who has never been seen at the club, decided to withdraw his support.

A source close to Wigan Athletic told Byline Times: Whats amazing is the speed at which its all happened.A couple of weeks ago we had money in the bank. Now weve had the rug pulled out from underneath us.

Until recently, Wigans finances were underwritten by Stanley Choi, a professional poker player based in Hong Kong, whose business interests also included a casino and hotel. Choi made an initial outlay of 17.5 million to buy the club, then invested a further 24 million in 18 months.

The money often came at the last minute, but it always turned up, the insider said.

If theowners had enough money to run the club just a few weeks ago, it begs the question: why has Wigan been placed in administration now?

Choi never attended a game apparently regarding the club purely as an investment but, in June, Wigan was transferred to another business in which he had a controlling interest, the New Leader Fund (NLF) registered in the Cayman Islands.

Two weeks ago, there was a further twist when control of the NLF passed to Hong Kong businessman Au Yeung, who tried forcing the clubs UK-based directors to accept responsibility for a 24 million loan used to repay Choi. When the directors refused, Yeung attempted to liquidate the club, before placing it in administration.

What grates with supporters is that these successive changes in ownership were all sanctioned by the English Football League (EFL), which has an Owners and Directors Test that many in the game regard as worthless.

Wigan supporter Martin Tarbuck said: To meet their regulations, it seems you have to have a copy of a bank statement showing proof of funds, but theres no guarantee the money will remain there.

The EFL told Byline Times: In respect of the recent change of control at Wigan the Leagues requirements were met in regard to both the Owners and Directors Test and theprovision of evidence as to source and sufficiency of funding.

However, if theowners had enough money to run the club just a few weeks ago, it begs the question: why has Wigan been placed in administration now?

There has been no shortage of conspiracy theorists on social media, including suggestions that the Latics problems were engineered on behalf of Far Eastern betting syndicates which have gambled large sums of money on the club getting relegated.

Since going into administration incurs a 12-point penalty, that is now a much more likely outcome explaining why Wigans MP Lisa Nandy referred to a major global scandal.

A source close to Wigan Athletic told Byline Times it was more likely that Choi was seeking a way to dump the football club to protect the share price of his company in Hong Kong, but admitted: I cant really find a plausible explanation for what has happened.

Choi now appears to have gone to ground and journalists have been unable to contact either him or Au Yeung.

Whatever the reason for Wigans financial difficulties, many in football see it as the latest episode in a long-running story of regulatory failure, with owners often from overseas piling in to English football attracted by the unrivalled wealth of the Premier League.

Even the club which finishes at the foot of the table earns close to 100 million from television rights, with critics arguing that this has created a casino culture in the Championship and lower levels of the Football League, as owners strive to reach the promised land.

The recently published Annual Review of Football Finance by accountants Deloitte recorded that, last season, for the fourth time in seven years, Championship clubs collectively spent more on wages than they earned in revenue with Wigan amongst them.

Deloitte described the situation as unsustainable and has found plenty of powerful support in this belief.

Last month, Conservative backbench MP Damian Collins a former Chair of the Digital, Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) Committee proposed a radical Government bail-out scheme for clubs stricken by financial problems in the wake of the Coronavirus. He criticised financial mismanagement which has not seen clubs put money by for a rainy day.

Many are loss-making organisations, reliant on loans and grants from their owner and that has to change, he added. We have to put it on a more sustainable footing.

Under Collins plan, clubs which receive Government aid would have to submit to a tough new watchdog called the Football Finance Authority which would prevent the kind of over-spending which has now left Wigan Athletic so vulnerable.

His initiative has been welcomed by administrators such as Gary Sweet, chief executive of Luton Town, who told Byline Times that football is on a precipice at the moment.

We have to take this opportunity to correct the madness of overspending in the Championship, and look again at our ownership model, he said. The Football League has proved time and time again that it can not control this issue. Clubs are community assets and they need to be protected.

More here:
'A Major Global Scandal': The Collapse of Wigan Athletic Byline Times - Byline Times

Disinformation and confusion generated at ever higher levels. And that is the description of the condition more than 20 years ago.

Please note that I have put the original German text to the end of this review. Just if you might be interested.

An even better understanding and overview of the overall situation can be seen in combination with his second work "Manufacturing Consent."Long after its first publication, the work has lost none of its topicality. Each society returns to already reached poi

Please note that I have put the original German text to the end of this review. Just if you might be interested.

An even better understanding and overview of the overall situation can be seen in combination with his second work "Manufacturing Consent."Long after its first publication, the work has lost none of its topicality. Each society returns to already reached points in eternal cycles, where writings like these serve as a memorial not to forget critical thinking. Chomsky provides a brief overview of Woodrow Wilson's Creel Commission, Public Relation, the Iraq War, Walter Lippman's spectator democracy and the general state of the media landscape.

Due to the lack of investigation and research on the subject, it is impossible to gauge the extent of propaganda in times of digitization. Neither universities nor NGOs are able to deal with the whole extent of the problem, because unfortunately they are often too deeply involved in the dissonant connections and contradictions. Respectively dependent on these or so blind that they do not see the overall picture as experts for just individual aspects.

It is almost impossible to explain to people after decades of consumption that they have been manipulated. They often have a significant influence on elections and economic and political power because of their prosperity. It would be a sacrilege, heresy and blasphemy only to suggest, that their thought patterns could have been wrong all her life. That their scriptures and commandments, in the form of newspapers, magazines and news programs, are lies and deceit. Even young people who have just been hooked on already associate the ideology that has been instilled with themselves and make them a part of their ego, their identity, their personality. Then they immediately grasp any gentle criticism of it as if it was insulting and attacking them as human beings. An ingeniously diabolical concept of programming people to pervert their trust and their good faith in such a way.

The reporting itself is full of empty phrases and emotions, focused only on the characters and the simplest level of action, never describing deeper or higher levels. Always staying at the level of the human aspect and one-dimensional viewing. A life of responsible and mature media consumption does not extend the spectrum of thoughts of consumers, but restricts it and steers it in the desired paths. Those newsflashes are self-potentiating feedback loops that only reinforce the fundamental mentality.

Once conditioned, it is reinforced with each consumption. To read the newspaper, to consume the daily newscast, to integrate one's social network in the study of these subjects. Out of this arises the opinion that has been inoculated, which is reinforced with every letter and every word. And never is it objective, scientifically clean reporting, but black rhetoric. No informational value, but the selection of the facts according to which of it serves the representation of the opinion that should be strengthened.

When they consume media, people are entirely passive. Democratically unemancipated, subliminal messages are incorporated which, at a deeper level, bring about transformations. Thus, the supposedly only daily and focused reporting about an event has the long-term benefit, that specific correlation are always seen in a just one particular context.People become unable to understand complex connections. They unlearn to selectively seek objective data, compare and form their own opinion. If they even know channels in which unfiltered messages are not branded. They only react more and no longer act independently. Like conditioned, vegetative reflexes of the reptilian brainstem which had never had higher brain functions.

Desinformation und Verwirrung, erzeugt auf immer hherem Niveau. Und das ist die Zustandsbeschreibung von vor ber 20 Jahren.

Ein noch besseres Verstndnis sowie berblick ber die Gesamtsituation erschliet sich in Kombination mit seinem zweiten Werk "Manufacturing Consent".Lange nach seiner Erstverffentlichung hat das Werk noch nichts von seiner Aktualitt eingebt. Jede Gesellschaft kommt in ewigen Kreislufen wieder an bereits erreichte Punkte, an denen Schriften wie diese als Mahnmal dienen, kritisches Denken nicht zu vergessen. Chomsky liefert einen kurzen berblick ber Woodrow Wilsonss Creel Commission, Public Relation, den Irakkrieg, Walter Lippmans specatator democracy und dem generellen Zustand der Medienlandschaft.

Es ist aufgrund der mangelnden Recherche und Forschung zu dem Thema unmglich, das Ausma der Propaganda in Zeiten von Digitalisierung nur im Ansatz zu ermessen. Weder Universitten noch NGOs knnen sich mit dem ganzen Ausma der Problematik befassen, weil sie selbst leider hufig zu tief in die dissonanten Zusammenhnge und Widersprche verstrickt sind. Beziehungsweise von diesen abhngig oder so betriebsblind, dass sie als Experten fr einzelne Aspekte das Gesamtbild nicht sehen.

Es ist beinahe unmglich, Menschen nach Jahrzehnten des Konsums erklren zu wollen, dass sie manipuliert wurden. Sie haben auf Wahlen groen Einfluss und wegen ihres Wohlstands auch konomische und politische Macht. Es wre ein Sakrileg, Hresie und Gotteslsterung nur anzudeuten, ihre Denkmuster wren ihr ganzes Leben lang falsch gewesen. Ihre heiligen Schriften und Gebote, in Form von Zeitungen, Magazinen und Nachrichtensendungen sind Lug und Trug. Wenn selbst junge, gerade erst frisch angefixte Menschen bereits die ihnen eingetrufelte Ideologie mit sich selbst assoziieren und zu einem Teil ihres Egos, ihrer Identitt, ihrer Persnlichkeit machen. Dann fassen sie jede sanfte Kritik daran unmittelbar als Beleidigung und Angriff auf sie als Mensch auf. Ein genial diabolisches Konzept, die Menschen so zu programmieren, ihr Vertrauen und ihr Gutglauben derartig zu pervertieren.

Die Berichterstattung selbst ist voll von leeren Phrasen und Emotionen, nur auf die Charaktere und simpelste Handlungsebene fokussiert, nie tiefere oder hhere Ebenen beschreibend. Immer auf der Stufe des menschlichen Aspektes und eindimensionaler Betrachtung bleibend. Ein Leben mndigen Medienkonsums erweitert das Spektrum der Konsumenten nicht, sondern schrnkt es ein und lenkt es in die gewnschten Bahnen.Es sind sich selbst potenzierende Rckkopplungsschleifen, die nur die Grundmentalitt verstrken.

Ist die Konditionierung erfolgt, wird sie mit jedem Konsum verstrkt. Die Zeitung zu lesen, die Nachrichtensendung tglich zu konsumieren, das eigene soziale Netz in die Beschftigung mit diesen Thematiken zu integrieren.Daraus erwchst die Meinung, die eingeimpft wurde, die mit jedem Buchstaben und jedem Wort verstrkt wird. Und nie ist es objektive, wissenschaftlich saubere Berichterstattung, sondern schwarze Rhetorik. Kein Informationswert, sondern Selektion der Fakten danach, welche am ehesten der Reprsentation der zu bestrkenden Meinung dienen.

Wenn sie Medien konsumieren, sind Menschen gnzlich passiv. Demokratisch unemanzipiert werden unterbewusste Botschaften mit eingebaut, die als tiefere Ebene Transformationen bewirken. So hat die vermeintlich nur tagesaktuelle und auf ein Ereignis fokussierte Berichterstattung den Langzeitnutzen, gewisse Zusammenhnge immer in einem bestimmten Kontext darzustellen.Die Menschen werden unfhig zum Verstehen komplexer Zusammenhnge. Sie verlernen selbst selektiv objektive Daten zu suchen, zu vergleichen und eine eigene Meinung zu bilden. Sofern sie berhaupt Kanle kennen, in denen ungefilterte Nachrichten nicht gebrandmarkt werden. Sie reagieren nur mehr und agieren nicht mehr selbststndig. Wie konditionierte, vegetative Reflexe des Reptilienstammhirns als htte es nie hhere Hirnfunktionen gegeben.

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Media Control: The Spectacular Achievements of Propaganda ...

Although the term media manipulation is not well-known, we oweSylvain Timsit for the valuable contribution. In 2002, the French writer created a list of 10 strategies of media manipulation used by political and economic powers to control the public. And although its been 15 years, his list is still a very powerful, validargument to consider.

The list is a ranking of methods of mass manipulation. The purpose of these strategies, according to the author, is to create docile, submissive, and obedient individuals. In addition, he says the media uses them to support capitalism, inequality, andneo-capitalism.

Timsits post went viral in a matter of minutes. And itwas actually wrongfully attributed to Noam Chomsky.That said, there are certainly glimpses of Chomskys beliefs in Timsits work, especially in regards to the critical analysis of mass medias role in our society.

In a totalitarian state, it doesnt matter what people think, since the government can control people by force using a bludgeon. But when you cant control people by force, you have to control what people think, and the standard way to do this is via propaganda.-Noam Chomsky-

According to Timsit, 10 ways that the media manipulates the masses are:

The strategy of distraction consists of deviating the publics attention from important issues. One way they do it is by flooding the news with stories on trivial issues. The objective is to distract the people and keep their minds occupied. The result is that peoplestop questioning why the media isnt talking about certain issues; the people forget the real issues.

This method is the equivalent of doing a poll in politics. That is, it consists of testing the population by spreading rumors or ideas in order to evaluate how the population would receive them. It iscreating a problem in order to later solve it. Then the public sees the manipulators as heroes.

Gradualism manipulates the people by getting them to accept socially unjust decisions. The key is to do it progressively, slowly, over the course of years.

For example, say the objective is to fire 80% of the staff of a large high-profile company. The media would begin to incorporate negative news about the company: sales drops, stock market crashes, rumors, etc. Slowly, it would create awareness and begin preparing people for the big news.If the layoffs had been made known at the beginning, there would have been a public uproar.

Another strategy Timsit includes in media manipulation is that of presenting unpopular decisions as necessary, for a better future, or for our own good. They make the public genuinely believe that their sacrifices will lead things being significantly better later on.

So the citizens get used to a lower quality of life. They start seeing it as normal. Ultimately, the people will resign themselves to the current state of things and will stop demanding what they were demanding.

The more the media wants to manipulate the public, the more they will talk to the public like theyre children.Sugarcoated arguments, characters, and intonations are used, as if the people were too weak or immature to handle the truth. The goal is also a submissive, docile reaction.The idea is to keep the people from thinking critically like adults.

Emotional appeals are much more powerful than sterile, purely objective ones. The media knows it, and so they appeal to the publics emotions.Again, they try to keep people from thinking critically; they try to control their thoughts. Remember how powerful fear can be.

According to Timsit, the media prefers an ignorant, uncultured public. Keeping them isolated from knowledge makes them easier to manipulate. It also keepsinsubordination and rebellion away. Information is power.

This point and the previous one are very similar, and this one is one of the most subtle strategies of media manipulation. Do the shows offered on TV match what the general public wants? Or are they imposed on us by the media? In other words, do we actually watch what we want to watch, or what they want us to watch?

For Timsit, the answer is clear. Consumerism and banality are hypnotonizing us. Therefore, we dont care about our surroundings, having been trained to be mediocre.

At the same time that the media is encouraging our ignorance, they are also making us believe that were the only ones responsible for our misfortunes. The media tells us that our scarce skills will make us miserable and unsuccessful. In essence they seek self-incrimination through self-exculpation and keep the public from mobilizing.

In order to exert control over someone, you need to know them.Unfortunately, our modern oligarchies have taken care of this perfectly. For Timsit, psychological, social, and technological advances now allow large companies to know everything about every single individual. The system knows us and that means it can manipulate us exactly where were weak.

Link:
Media Manipulation: 10 Strategies the Media Uses to ...