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A new Reporters Without Borders index cites hot spots in the Middle East, Africa and Asia as being among the worst offenders of press freedom. The journalism rights group also says there has been a significant decline in press freedom in the United States.

Reporters Without Borders says Syria has become an increasingly dangerous place for journalists during the nearly three-year conflict between the government and the opposition.

The group's U.S. director, Delphine Halgand, said Syria ranks near the bottom of the index of 180 countries. "You have to keep in mind that more than 130 news providers have been killed in Syria since the start of the conflict in March 2011, including 45 since last year. On top of that, at least 16 foreign reporters and 26 journalism providers are right now detained, kidnapped or missing," she said.

Elsewhere, Halgand said a "privatization of violence" is problematic in some African countries.

"What we mean is that non-state groups are the main source of violence against the media. This is the case in many countries in Africa like the M23 in the [DRC] Congo or the al-Shabab group in Somalia," said Halgand.

Reporters Without Borders looked at factors including transparency, media independence and level of abuses in its annual ranking of countries.

It says government attempts to crack down on social media sites and bloggers played a role in Vietnam's low index ranking of 174.

Viet Youth for Democracy co-founder Huong Nguyen said several of her friends who are bloggers have been jailed for using social media to express their views.

"The thing with social media is that it is so difficult for the government to control what people are talking about and for people to use and to discuss public affairs in the social media. That is why there has been a lot of focus from the Vietnamese government on restricting the freedom of information on the Internet," she said.

Reporters Without Borders says a government "hunt" for leaks and whistleblowers played a role in propelling the U.S. ranking down 13 positions to 46 on the index.

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Media Group: Press Freedom Slipping in Some Countries

Document Information:

Tittle : Media Control Author : Noam Chomsky Classification Number : 300-51 Database : Thamboo Library Data Base Publisher : Seven Stories Year : 1997 Page : 59

Abstract:

Bahasa :

Noam Chomsky melihat terdapat propaganda yang terjadi yang terjadi pada demokrasi, yaitu model demokrasi yang masyarakatnya aktif berpartisipasi dan demokrasi yang mana masyarakatnya di manipulasi dan dikendalikan. menurut Chomsky, propaganda yang terjadi merupakan satu bentuk negara yang otoriter, di Amerika Serikat, media massa menjadi salah satu cara untuk menyampaikan propaganda tersebut ke masyarakat.

English :

Noam Chomskys backpocket classic on wartime propaganda and opinion control begins by asserting two models of democracyone in which the public actively participates, and one in which the public is manipulated and controlled. According to Chomsky, propaganda is to democracy as the bludgeon is to a totalitarian state, and the mass media is the primary vehicle for delivering propaganda in the United States.

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Media Control | THAMBOO PROJECT : BETA v.0.1

BENGKULU: Communication and Multimedia Minister Datuk Seri Ahmad Shabery Cheek said the initiative to organise a National Media Day in Malaysia should come from its own media community in line with the freedom of press.

I should ask the Malaysian press if they want to organise it. If they do then we will support them. In Indonesia its the media community which organises the event and the government supports them, he said.

He was speaking to reporters after the Indonesian National Press Day (Hari Pers (Media) Nasional (HPN) assembly at Fort Marlborough, Kota Bengkulu here yesterday .

Ahmad Shabery was responding to queries from Malaysian journalists as to whether the Malaysian authorities intended to have such a celebration in Malaysia.

The HPN was attended by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono for the 10th and final time as the leader of the republic before the end of his term in October.

Ahmad Shabery said the government did not want to be misunderstood as trying to control or own the media if it initiated the event.

All this while we have supported the Malaysian Press Institute. The Prime Minister always attends their annual dinner, so theres no reason for the government not to support an event like this if its organised by the media itself, he said.

The Indonesian Media community yesterday awarded Yudhoyono the title of Media Friend in appreciation of his service and contribution to the media and as a farewell present as Indonesias sixth president. Bernama

In his speech, Yudhoyono said he and his family were never spared from being criticised and attacked by the media during his 10 years as President.

He stressed however that they had done him a service by making him stronger and able to lead Indonesia and its population of more than 240 million.

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Malaysian media community should initiate National Media Day, says Ahmad Shabery

A range of ideas have been floated about how to correct the current imbalance between media freedom in China and the United States: American journalists who work in China are regularly harassed and denied visas, while Chinese journalists including propaganda workers employed by the state are free to roam in America.

To correct this imbalance, an American scholar suggests in a recent paper that the United States should start World Trade Organization (WTO) action against China to push it to open its media market.

Aynne Kokas, a scholar at the Baker Institute for Public Policy at Rice University, proposed the idea in a recent her paper, Building a Transparent Web: Transnational Social Media, Cybersecurity and Sino-U.S. Trade.

The U.S. government should register a trade complaint with the WTO because of the preferential market access Chinese companies are receiving, Kokas wrote in her paper.

Kokas continued: The U.S. government should place increased restrictions on Chinese media companies that want to raise capital within U.S. markets until there is greater parity of market access.

Chinese censors have blocked U.S. social media like Twitter, Facebook, and YouTube, while allowing cloned versions like Weibo, Renren, and Youku that they can control to dominate the market.

Chinese websites and social media companies, some of whose success has owed to Chinese blocking of their U.S. competitors, have raised more than $43 billion in U.S. capital markets.

Other forms of media, including television and newspapers, have also not been in equal trade in China and the U.S.

China has regularly restricted foreign journalists operating there. A number of reporters with The New York Times have been forced to leave because they were not issued visas, while a number of other reporters with that and other newspapers still await visas.

Chinese authorities have effectively barred U.S. media companies from competing in China because of the battery of Internet restrictions, and publishing and broadcast license restrictions. No foreign media company can freely operate in China.

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To Push China on Media Freedom, US Should Try WTO

BENGKULU, Feb 9 (Bernama) -- Communication and Multimedia Minister Datuk Seri Ahmad Shabery Cheek said the initiative to organise a National Media Day in Malaysia should come from its own media community in line with the freedom of press.

"I should ask the Malaysian press if they want to organise it. If they do then we will support them. In Indonesia its the media community which organises the event and the government supports them," he said.

He was speaking to reporters after the Indonesian National Press Day (Hari Pers (Media) Nasional (HPN) assembly at Fort Marlborough, Kota Bengkulu here today.

Ahmad Shabery was responding to queries from Malaysian journalists as to whether the Malaysian authorities intended to have such a celebration in Malaysia.

The HPN was attended by Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono for the 10th and final time as the leader of the republic before the end of his term in October.

Ahmad Shabery said the government did not want to be misunderstood as trying to control or own the media if it initiated the event.

"All this while we have supported the Malaysian Press Institute. The Prime Minister always attends their annual dinner, so there's no reason for the government not to support an event like this if it's organised by the media itself," he said.

The Indonesian Media community today awarded Yudhoyono the title of "Media Friend" in appreciation of his service and contribution to the media and as a farewell present as Indonesia's sixth president.

In his speech, Yudhoyono said he and his family were never spared from being criticised and attacked by the media during his 10 years as President.

He stressed however that they had done him a service by making him stronger and able to lead Indonesia and its population of more than 240 million.

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Malaysian Media Community Should Initiate National Media Day - Ahmad Shabery