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Enlarge / A cryptocurrency mining farm.

On Friday, Ransomware called WannaCry used leaked hacking tools stolen from the National Security Agency to attack an estimated 200,000 computers in 150 countries. On Monday, researchers said the same weapons-grade attack kit was used in a much earlier and possibly larger-scale hack that made infected computers part of a botnet that mined cryptocurrency.

Like WannaCry, this earlier, previously unknown attack used an exploit codenamed EternalBlue and a backdoor called DoublePulsar, both of which were NSA-developed hacking tools leaked in mid April by a group calling itself Shadow Brokers. But instead of installing ransomware, the campaign pushed cryptocurrency mining software known as Adylkuzz. WannaCry, which gets its name from a password hard-coded into the exploit, is also known as WCry.

Kafeine, a well-known researcher at security firm Proofpoint, said the attack started no later than May 2 and may have begun as early as April 24. He said the campaign was surprisingly effective at compromising Internet-connected computers that have yet to install updates Microsoft released in early March to patch the critical vulnerabilities in the Windows implementation of the Server Message Block protocol. In a blog post published Monday afternoon Kafeine wrote:

In the course of researching the WannaCry campaign, we exposed a lab machine vulnerable to the EternalBlue attack. While we expected to see WannaCry, the lab machine was actually infected with an unexpected and less noisy guest: the cryptocurrency miner Adylkuzz. We repeated the operation several times with the same result: within 20 minutes of exposing a vulnerable machine to the open web, it was enrolled in an Adylkuzz mining botnet.

The attack is launched from several virtual private servers which are massively scanning the Internet on TCP port 445 for potential targets.

Upon successful exploitation via EternalBlue, machines are infected with DoublePulsar. The DoublePulsar backdoor then downloads and runs Adylkuzz from another host. Once running, Adylkuzz will first stop any potential instances of itself already running and block SMB communication to avoid further infection. It then determines the public IP address of the victim and download the mining instructions, cryptominer, and cleanup tools.

It appears that at any given time there are multiple Adylkuzz command and control (C&C) servers hosting the cryptominer binaries and mining instructions.

Figure 2 shows the post-infection traffic generated by Adylkuzz in this attack.

Symptoms of the attack include a loss of access to networked resources and system sluggishness. Kafeine said that some people who thought their systems were infected in the WannaCry outbreak were in fact hit by the Adylkuzz attack. The researcher went on to say this overlooked attack may have limited the spread of WannaCry by shutting down SMB networking to prevent the compromised machines from falling into the hands of competing botnets.

Proofpoint researchers have identified more than 20 hosts set up to scan the Internet and infect vulnerable machines they find. The researchers are aware of more than a dozen active Adylkuzz control servers. The botnet then mined Monero, a cryptocurrency that bills itself as being fully anonymous, as opposed to Bitcoin, in which all transactions are traceable.

Monday's report came the same day that a security researcher who works for Google found digital fingerprints tying a version of WCry from February to Lazarus Group, a hacking operation with links to North Korea. In a report published last month, Kaspersky Lab researchers said Bluenoroff, a Lazarus Group offshoot responsible for financial profit, installed cryptocurrency-mining software on computers it hacked to generate Monero coins. "The software so intensely consumed system resources that the system became unresponsive and froze," Kaspersky Lab researchers wrote.

Assembling a botnet the size of the one that managed WannaCry and keeping it under wraps for two to three weeks is a major coup. Monday's revelation raises the possibility that other botnets have been built on the shoulders of the NSA but have yet to be identified.

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Massive cryptocurrency botnet used leaked NSA exploits weeks before WCry - Ars Technica

Forbes

Microsoft Just Took A Swipe At NSA Over The WannaCry Ransomware Nightmare Forbes After software vulnerabilities exploited and leaked by the NSA were used by cybercriminals to infect as many as 200,000 Windows PCs with ransomware over the last three days, Microsoft has criticized government agencies for hoarding those flaws and ... Microsoft Blasts the CIA and NSA for 'Stockpiling' Software VulnerabilitiesTheStreet.com A large-scale cyber attack highlights the structural dilemma of the NSAThe Economist all 2,140 news articles »

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Microsoft Just Took A Swipe At NSA Over The WannaCry Ransomware Nightmare - Forbes

The U.S. National Security Agency could have headed off the global ransomware attack that has crippled hospitals, train stations and other infrastructure around the world, according to Edward Snowden, the former CIA contractor and whistleblower.

They knew about this flaw in U.S. software, U.S. infrastructure, hospitals around the world, these auto plants and so on and so forth, but they did not report it to Microsoft until after the NSA learned that that flaw had been stolen by some outside group, Snowden said Monday.

Related: What is ransomware? Computers around the world infected by malware demanding money

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The fugitive former private security contractor made his remarks during a speech on privacy and security delivered via satellite from Moscow to a Washington, D.C., conference on big data. The conference, organized by a former Google executive, Travis Jarae, founder and CEO of One World Identity, has drawn 800 industry experts from data collection and cybersecurity firms, as well as government lawyers, to discuss questions about online identity, security and privacy.

Snowden in 2013 downloaded and then publicized an estimated 1.7 million documents related to global and domestic U.S. surveillance programs, which the Pentagon has said is the largest trove of American secrets ever purloined. Federal prosecutors subsequently charged him with theft and Espionage Act violations. Since 2013, he has been living in Moscow.

Beamed by satellite onto huge screens in the Ronald Reagan Building and International Trade Center, a federal building a few blocks from the White House, Snowden blamed the NSA for the unprecedented power of the so-called wannacry virus, which is being blamed for the worlds biggest cyberattack, affecting 150 countries so far. Among the affected in the U.S. have been Fedex and Nissan; in China, colleges and gas stations; in India, the state police; in Russia, the Central Bank, Russian railways and the Interior Ministry; and in the U.K., at least 16 National Health System hospitals.

It is still unclear who released the virus or exactly why.

Had the NSA not waited until our enemies already had this exploit to tell Microsoft, [so that] Microsoft could begin the patch cycle, we would have had years to prepare hospital networks for this attack rather than a month or two, which is what we actually ended up with, Snowden said.

Members of the audience submitted questions to the 33-year-old. One asked for his number one piece of advice for balancing privacy and security. Snowden said companies should opt for the bare minimum in determining what information they harvest and save about customer behavior, and urged them provide users with an opt-out from data collection upfront. He accused companies that say they are collecting data to improve products and services of using a legal fiction to collect data in order to monetize it, generating an extra source of revenue.

He compared the psychological effects of unchecked mass data collection to an errant high school kid being threatened that certain behavior would remain on his or her record. In a world of mass tracking and commercial and government data collection, he said, you have a permanent record that can never be erased.

A child thats born in this world wont have the same benefit you had of saying something stupid that they can move on from, he said. When people can be tracked and have no way to live outside this chain of records, what we have become is a quantified spiderweb. Its a very negative thing for a free and open society. Now, everybody in the world will think twice before they even open their mouth. That is a very, very dark future. But its not inevitable. You should reflect: Is that something we can do? Or should do?

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Edward Snowden Slams NSA Over Ransomware Attack - Newsweek

A top Microsoft executive partly blamed the US government for the WannaCry ransomware attack, saying hackers found a crucial Windows vulnerability in data that had been stockpiled by the NSA.

First noticed on Friday, the WannaCry attack has affected at least 200,000 computers in more than 150 countries, with attackers locking people out of their computers while demanding a Bitcoin ransom.

This attack provides yet another example of why the stockpiling of vulnerabilities by governments is such a problem, Microsoft President Brad Smith wrote in a Sunday blog post.

At the same time, Smith tried to deflect criticism of Microsoft in the disaster, noting that the software giant issued a patch for the vulnerability earlier this year that many organizations ignored.

Smith said the crisis is a wake-up call, and that Microsoft has been working around the clock to assist affected customers, including those on older versions of Windows that are no longer supported.

We have seen vulnerabilities stored by the CIA show up on WikiLeaks, and now this vulnerability stolen from the NSA has affected customers around the world, Smith griped.

Some security experts expect a fresh wave of attacks will begin Monday, as employees arrive at work and turn on affected computers. The WannaCry attack is particularly powerful because it doesnt necessarily require users to click a link or download software to spread.

Governments worldwide need to take a different approach and adhere in cyberspace to the same rules applied to weapons in the physical world, Smith said. We need governments to consider the damage to civilians that comes from hoarding these vulnerabilities and the use of these exploits.

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Microsoft's president blames NSA for WannaCry attack - New York Post

A programmer shows a sample of decrypting source code in Taipei, Taiwan, on May 13, 2017. Ritchie B. Tongo / EPA

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"This attack provides yet another example of why the stockpiling of vulnerabilities by governments is such a problem. This is an emerging pattern in 2017," Smith said in a

He likened the situation to what would happen - hypothetically - if the U.S. military had some of its Tomahawk missiles stolen.

"The governments of the world should treat this attack as a wake-up call. They need to take a different approach and adhere in cyberspace to the same rules applied to weapons in the physical world. We need governments to consider the damage to civilians that comes from hoarding these vulnerabilities and the use of these exploits," he said.

Microsoft called for a "Digital Geneva Convention" in February, asking for governments to report vulnerabilities to vendors, rather than stockpiling, selling or even using them.

Jeremiah Grossman, chief of security strategy at SentinelOne, told NBC News this instance may serve as a huge lesson in driving the conversation.

"Effectively, what Microsoft is saying is they don't want any government hoarding zero days because of situations like this," Grossman told NBC News. "We have to protect the nation and have to protect people first, but they had a leak."

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While it looked to Grossman like Smith, of Microsoft, "came out swinging" at the National Security Agency, he said we shouldn't expect to hear anything concrete from the highly secretive group.

"We are not going to get a response unless it is in their best interest, and in this case, I can't imagine a narrative where it is," Grossman said.

Josh Feinblum, vice president of information security at cyber security firm Rapid7, told NBC News the WannaCry debacle speaks to a "broader industry challenge."

"I think that this exploit would have existed whether the NSA had discovered it or not," Feinblum said. "It's easy to want to pass blame, but I think it is a cost of operating in such a highly technological society and we just have to do a better job in figuring out how to get our environment secure."

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Microsoft Comes out Swinging at NSA Over WannaCry Hack Attack - NBCNews.com