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Large numbers can only be factorized with a great deal of computational effort. Physicists at the University of Innsbruck, Austria, led by Wolfgang Lechner are now providing a blueprint for a new type of quantum computer to solve the factorization problem, which is a cornerstone of modern cryptography. The research was recently published in Communications Physics.

Today's computers are based on microprocessors that execute so-called gates. A gate can, for example, be an AND operation, i.e., an operation that adds two bits. These gates, and thus computers, are irreversible. That is, algorithms cannot simply run backwards. "If you take the multiplication 2x2=4, you cannot simply run this operation in reverse, because 4 could be 2x2, but likewise 1x4 or 4x1," explains Wolfgang Lechner, professor of theoretical physics at the University of Innsbruck. If this were possible, however, it would be feasible to factorize large numbers, i.e., divide them into their factors.

Martin Lanthaler, Ben Niehoff and Wolfgang Lechner from the Institut fr Theoretische Physik at the University of Innsbruck and the quantum spin-off ParityQC have now developed exactly this inversion of algorithms with the help of quantum computers. The starting point is a classical logic circuit, which multiplies two numbers. If two integers are entered as the input value, the circuit returns their product. Such a circuit is built from irreversible operations. "However, the logic of the circuit can be encoded within ground states of a quantum system," explains Martin Lanthaler from Wolfgang Lechner's team. "Thus, both multiplication and factorization can be understood as ground-state problems and solved using quantum optimization methods."

"The core of our work is the encoding of the basic building blocks of the multiplier circuit, specifically AND gates, half and full adders with the parity architecture as the ground state problem on an ensemble of interacting spins," says Martin Lanthaler.

The coding allows the entire circuit to be built from repeating subsystems that can be arranged on a two-dimensional grid. By stringing several of these subsystems together, larger problem instances can be realized. Instead of the classical brute force method, where all possible factors are tested, quantum methods can speed up the search process: To find the ground state, and thus solve an optimization problem, it is not necessary to search the whole energy landscape, but deeper valleys can be reached by "tunneling."

The current research work provides a blueprint for a new type of quantum computer to solve the factorization problem, a cornerstone of modern cryptography. This blueprint is based on the parity architecture developed at the University of Innsbruck and can be implemented on all current quantum computing platforms.

More information: Martin Lanthaler et al, Scalable set of reversible parity gates for integer factorization, Communications Physics (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s42005-023-01191-3

Journal information: Communications Physics

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A blueprint for a quantum computer in reverse gear - Phys.org

May 5, 2023• Physics 16, 75

A new kind of 3D optical lattice traps atoms using focused laser spots replicated in multiple planes and could eventually serve as a quantum computing platform.

Researchers have produced 3D lattices of trapped atoms for possible quantum computing tasks, but the standard technology doesnt allow much control over atom spacing. Now a team has created a new type of 3D lattice by combining optical tweezerspoints of focused light that trap atomswith an optical phenomenon known as the Talbot effect [1]. The teams 3D tweezer lattice has sites for 10,000 atoms, but with some straightforward modifications, the system could reach 100,000 atoms. Such a large atom arrangement could eventually serve as a platform for a quantum computer with error correction.

3D optical lattices have been around for decades. The standard method for creating them involves crossing six laser beams to generate a 3D interference pattern that traps atoms in either the high- or low-intensity spots (see Synopsis: Pinpointing Qubits in a 3D Lattice). These cold-atom systems have been used as precision clocks and as models of condensed-matter systems. However, the spacing between atoms is fixed by the wavelength of the light, which can limit the control researchers have over the atomic behavior.

Optical tweezers offer an alternative method for trapping and controlling atoms. To form a tweezer array, researchers pass a single laser beam through a microlens array (or similar device) that focuses the beam into a 2D pattern of multiple bright spots. Atoms are automatically drawn to the centers of these spots, forming an array in a single plane (see Viewpoint: Alkaline Atoms Held with Optical Tweezers). We take these tweezer arrays to the third dimension, says Malte Schlosser from the Technical University of Darmstadt, Germany.

To obtain a 3D lattice, Schlosser and his colleagues took advantage of the Talbot effect, which is an interference phenomenon that occurs when light strikes a periodic structure, such as a diffraction grating or a microlens array. The light exiting the structure produces a 2D interference pattern of bright spots at some fixed distance beyond the structure but also generates additional planes of spots parallel to the first one. The Talbot effect had long been considered a nuisance for tweezer array research, as it creates extra bright spots that trap stray atoms, which interferes with measurements. The researchers turned this bug into a feature by deliberately tuning their optical system to trap atoms in the extra bright spots, Schlosser explains.

The researchers shined an 800-milliwatt laser onto a microlens array, which produced a 2D square array of 777 atom traps at the focal plane of the lens. But thanks to the Talbot effect, this 2D array was reproduced in 17 parallel planes, giving a total of 10,000 atom traps. These Talbot planes come for free, so we dont have to put in additional laser power or additional laser beams, Schlosser says.

As a demonstration of their system, Schlosser and his colleagues showed that they could load around 50% of the traps with rubidium atoms and induce an optical transition in all the atoms in a sublattice. In the future, the team plans to use a focused laser beam to selectively excite a single atom. Such optical control could allow researchers to read the atoms state or to place it in a so-called Rydberg state that would let it interact with its neighbors. Control of atomatom interactions has been previously demonstrated in 2D tweezer arrays. Schlosser foresees having atomatom interactions in the 3D lattice, but currently the spacing between the planes is too large (around 100 m); a distance of 10 m or less would be required.

Besides squeezing down the spacing of the lattice, the team plans to explore other trap geometries, such as hexagonal patterns that could mimic materials like graphene. The researchers are also working to boost the laser power. More light will increase the number of traps in the lattice. They estimate that doubling the power would provide 30,000 traps and that quadrupling it should produce close to 100,000.

Schlosser and his colleagues are tackling one of the most important challenges any quantum computing technology will face, which is scaling, says Ben Bloom, founder and chief technology officer of Atom Computing, a quantum technology company in California. He says that the new design can create a large number of atom quantum bits at essentially no cost, but there will be challenges ahead in trying to control the atoms within the lattice. Still, controlling so many atoms will have practical benefits. Pushing to large numbers of individually controlled atoms in 3D will allow for the exploration of new quantum error-correction codes, Bloom says.

Michael Schirber

Michael Schirber is a Corresponding Editor forPhysics Magazine based in Lyon, France.

A new experiment follows the trajectories of electrons as pulsed laser light yanks them away from their atoms and slams them back. Read More

The electric-field distribution within a cold-ion cloud has been characterized using Rydberg atoms embedded in the cloudan approach that could be harnessed to optimize ion-beam sources. Read More

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Physics - Tweezers in Three Dimensions - Physics

LONDON, May 2, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Omdia forecasts that quantum computing vendors will see their global revenue rise from $942 million in 2022 to $22 billion in 2032, for a compound annual growth rate of 57.7% over this ten-year period. North America and Europe are expected to be the leading regional markets, with Asia & Oceania a close third. Cloud-based access services will make up the largest share of revenue, followed by hardware, consulting, and software. Omdia also believes 2027 will be a key inflection point in the market, and that the chances of a "quantum winter" are very small (less than 1%).

Near term, Omdia believes examples of "quantum commercial advantage" in which a quantum computer supplies a measurable advantage in speed, cost, quality, or efficiency over the typical classical alternative for a problem of commercial interest will grow steadily. By 2027, enough of these examples will be clear across enough verticals and industries that adopters will shift from "experimenting with quantum computing" to "deploying quantum computing for operational needs."

"Achieving fault-tolerant scaled quantum computing would help humanity solve key challenges related to climate change, developing new pharmaceuticals and materials, and bringing important advances to artificial intelligence." says Sam Lucero, Chief Analyst for Quantum Computing at Omdia. "But the industry has a long road to fully achieving this goal."

Recently, concerns have grown about the possibility of a "quantum winter". However, Omdia notes several factors protecting against such a downturn, including growing investments in vendors, strong government support, diverse technology options, and steady technology advancements by vendors.

"While a 'quantum winter' is possible," says Lucero "the chance of it happening is far outweighed by the likelihood of continued steady progress towards fault-tolerant, scaled quantum computers."

Omdia published its annual quantum computing market forecast report in April 2023.

ABOUT OMDIA

Omdia, part of Informa Tech, is a technology research and advisory group. Our deep knowledge of tech markets combined with our actionable insights empower organizations to make smart growth decisions.

Contact Fasiha Khan / T: +44 7503 666806 / E: [emailprotected]Visit http://www.omdia.com

SOURCE Omdia

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Omdia forecasts quantum computing market will grow more than 22x ... - PR Newswire

With an aggressive recruitment and fundraising effort, USC President Carol L. Folt launches the single largest comprehensive academic initiative in the university's history: Frontiers of Computing. The initiative integrates computing throughout education and research to enhance digital literacy for all students as the university aims to hold its lead as a top provider of tech professionals.

LOS ANGELES, May 5, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- USC President Carol L. Folt on Thursday announced a $1 billion-plus initiative for computing research and education across disciplines, with a focus on AI, machine learning and data science, augmented and virtual reality, robotics, gaming and block chain.

The initiative integrates computing throughout education and research.

"I want every student who comes through our programs, whether they are in science, business, the humanities or the arts, to have a solid grounding in technology and the ethics of the work that they do," Folt said. "We will integrate digital literacy across disciplines to create responsible leaders for the workforce of the future."

Seeded with a $260 million gift from the Lord Foundation of California, USC Frontiers of Computing encompasses a multipronged effort to push the boundaries of computing into a new era:

USC leaders began developing Frontiers of Computing three years ago, before the recent rise of artificial intelligence and generative A.I.

USC already is the leading provider of tech talent for the nation. More than 1,300 students per year graduate with bachelor's, master's and PhDs in computer science.

"We all know the world is changing very fast right now," Folt said. "We need to take that momentum of change and couple it with USC's history of innovation to create what has never been done before. And we're going to do it."

Learn more onlineand see this video.http://computing.usc.edu/

In addition to President Carol L. Folt, other USC leaders are available for interviews about the USC Frontiers of Computing:

"This endeavor is a tremendous opportunity to apply new computing tools to accelerate and expand the impact of scientific discovery. It is not only the ability to solve problems that sets this apart, but the speed with which it can be done."

Ishwar K. Puri, USC Senior Vice President for Research and Innovation

"With an entire academic department dedicated to data science, and with technically skilled faculty placed throughout all our business programs, we are well-placed not only to focus on the cutting-edge business applications of technologies like AI and blockchain, but also to understand and shape their consequences for society."

Geoff Garrett, Dean, USC Marshall School of Business

"The potential is tremendous not only for great progress in applications such as cryptography and seismic simulations, but also for foundational breakthroughs in research areas like black holes, computational biology and quantum materials."

Amber D. Miller, Dean, USC Dornsife College of Letters, Arts & Sciences

"The world needs engineers and computer scientists to solve the grand challenges we face. The new School of Advanced Computing will tackle this goal by developing reimagined engineering curricula, that also emphasize the ethics of technology, in our fast-changing world."

Yannis C. Yortsos, Dean, USC Viterbi School of Engineering

Contact: Emily Gersema, [emailprotected] or (213) 712-3168 or Paul McQuiston, [emailprotected] or (323) 527-7770

SOURCE University of Southern California

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University of Southern California launches $1B-plus initiative for ... - PR Newswire

Abu Dhabi: A solution that minimises power blackouts has won the top prize at an international quantum computing hackathon hosted by the NYU Abu Dhabi. The winning idea from the NYUAD Hackathon for Social Good in the Arab World will be presented at a high-level international platform in Geneva in October, following an agreement signed by the university with science and diplomacy organisation, the Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipatory Foundation (GESDA).

The 11th edition of the three-day programming marathon was organised by NYUAD in partnership with social initiative company Tamkeen. The initiative encourages participants to find innovative solutions through quantum computing for challenges related to the UN Sustainable Development Goals.

This year, the event concluded with the signing of the NYUAD Memorandum of Understanding with GESDA. In the presence of Caroline Trautweiler, deputy ambassador of Switzerland to the UAE and Bahrain, the two entities agreed to collaborate towards advancing the role that quantum computing can play in solving the worlds most pressing issues and sustainability challenges, and towards highlighting the importance of quantum computing education for all. As part of its long-term strategic partnership with NYUAD GESDA will grant an Open Quantum Institute prize to the top winners, which offers access to mentorship, industry networking opportunities, academic research, and an open invitation to attend the Geneva Science and Diplomacy Anticipation Summit in October 2023. Additionally, GESDA announced it will invite the first-place winners, a team named Smart Current, to present their project at the GESDA Summit in October in Geneva to diplomats, UN leaders, scientists and more.

This year, more than 200 students participated in the contest. Apart from winning team Smart Current, QatraH devised quantum solutions to ensure a robust water distribution network, and won the second prize. feeQra, the team that placed third, showed how quantum computing can be used to detect early signs of malignant tumours.

Smart Current, QatraH, and feeQra were the top three winners of this years Hackathon, respectively. They were among the more than 200 elite students from 24 countries who gathered to develop quantum computing-based applications that further the objectives of the UN SDGs.

We founded the NYUAD International Hackathon for Social Good 11 years ago on our firm belief that technology can aid society. Quantum computing has the potential to transform many fields, but the biggest area where it could help is in solving our greatest challenge: Climate change and the need for a more sustainable future. The aim of the hackathon was to direct this powerful technology specifically toward the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This gave our participating students, who came from all around the world, a real focus for their talents and energy, and I am once again humbled by the results, said Sana Odeh, NYUAD affiliated faculty, and clinical professor of Computer Science. Odeh organised the hackathon this year.

This new generation of global talent has used the Hackathon platform to give birth to ideas that can truly have a transformative impact on the future of our society. I thank everyone who participated, along with the mentors and judges who provided valuable counsel, and our partners and sponsors who have all helped make this event a great success, she added.

Experts from world-leading institutions, including ETH, MIT, and Stanford, acted as a source of sponsorship and mentorship to the students, sharing their experiences and insights into the world of tech startups and academic research.

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Look who won in the NYUAD hackathon for quantum computing solutions? - Gulf News