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The modern cloud computing platform dates back to the year 2006, although it was invented in the late 1960s by J.C.R Licklider, the usage of these services became prominent since 2006. Due to increasing advancement in modern technologies and usage of the internet. Cloud computing has come a long way and still, theres more to go due to the dynamic environment in the emerging technologies.

So, what exactly is cloud computing and why businesses are rushing towards this platform, and how this can be a game-changer to the current business market.

Cloud computing refers to the delivery of on-demandcomputing services over the internet on a pay-as-you-go basis. In simple terms, the user can store all the data over the internet by using cloud storage services unlike in the traditional forms like hard disk, pen drive, etc.

Before the era of cloud services, businesses had to maintain on-premise data servers to store and manipulate the data, which has more drawbacks and these drawbacks are filled by cloud services. So how on-premise and cloud services vary from each other.

These cloud computing services will provide easy and effective solutions on which businesses can rely and expand their services and platform. They can maintain a competitive edge over others, and cloud services can be used by individuals too over the internet.

There are two types of cloud computing models namely

In Deployment Model again there are threetypes of models known as

Here, cloud infrastructure is available to the public and is owned by a cloud provider.

Examples like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google Cloud Platform, Microsoft Azure, Sun Cloud, and IBMS BLUE CLOUD can be taken.

Here the cloud infrastructure is maintained by a single organization and can be managed by the company itself or a third party and can be on-premise or off-premise.

Examples like AWS, VMware can be taken.

Here, this cloud has both the characteristics of a public and private cloud.

Examples like government agencies can be taken.

In the service model again there are three types of models known as

If an organization needs a virtual machine,then IAAS can be opted for. Here, most of the users can be IT administrators. Examples: AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google.

If a company needs the platform to build the software products,then PAAS can be opted for. Here most of the users can be software developers.

If a company requires the final product or doesnt want to maintain any IT equipment, then SAAS can be opted for. Here, most of the users can be end customers. Examples: Microsoft Office 365, Google apps.

There are abundant benefits of cloud computing and businesses are rushing towards these services in order to ease their approach towards complex services. However, there are disadvantages of a cloud, like a security breach, hijacking, and external sharing of data. But here the advantages of the cloud definitely outweigh the disadvantages and cloud services can provide more than they are supposed to.

Due to the ongoing pandemic since 2020 and during these unprecedented times, the progress of the economy has a serious toll from COVID-19. However, things are slowly coming back to normal, and work from home (WFH) is still practiced by many of the organizations employees.

During these times cloud usage by both organizations and individuals has increased rapidly since most of the employees are using the cloud platforms to perform various duties.

Since more than half of the world is on the cloud platform, start-ups and various new emerging companies are rushing towardscloud computing engineeringto expand their base and to reach the corners of the world. Personal computers and laptops sales were hiked during the pandemic which led to an increase in expenditure incurred by computer chip makers by 20 to 30%. On the bright side can be that due to the cloud computing availability the climate crisis is having the least negative impact on it due to less pollution.

As we already discussed above, there are IAAS, PAAS, and SAAS. The future can be more than 100 million times fasterdue to the availability ofQuantum Computing As A Service (QaaS).However, this is already in the market in its initial stages and the companies which provide this are IBM Q, AWS, and Google.Quantum computers are 100 million times faster than the current classic computers and can solve mysteries by using Qubits,unlike BITSwhich are used by current computers.

It is estimated that $1 trillion to be spent on cloud computing over the coming decade and the new conceptof containerizationis being provided by various companies likeKubernetes.Itcan avoid vendor lock-in periodand this containerization can be completely serverless.

Nevertheless, due to dynamic emerging technologies in the market, it can be estimated that cloud computing can increase to unexpected heights and will be a boosting career opportunity.

Cloud computing as a career opportunity can be the next best thing one could do and throughcloud computing trainingone can learn these skills. There are many platforms like Great Learning where one can master every IT-related and emerging technologies course and gain abundant skills.

Cloud computing has come a long way and still, there is much more which can add to the future regarding this technology advancement. There can be advanced serverless quantum computing hubs where the mysteries of the universe can be decoded, and space highways can be calculated very accurately for the space travel to other planets like Mars and Venus.

https://radixweb.com/blog/cloud-computing-is-an-ace-of-spades-streamline-your-business

https://builtin.com/cloud-computing/cloud-computing-examples

https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/cloud-computing-market-234.html#:~:text=The%20cloud%20computing%20market%20is,progressively%20adopting%20cloud%20computing%20services.

https://financesonline.com/cloud-computing-statistics/.

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Increasing Importance Of Cloud Computing In Businesses - GISuser.com

Quantum computing has the potential to fundamentally transform the technology industry by applying the weird effects of the quantum realm to complex business problems. But right now, quantum computing faces a more mundane problem itself: finding enough recruits.

Demand for digital skills in the workplace has been on a steady upward trend for years, but the sudden increased reliance on technology since the start of 2020 has made competition in tech recruitment even more fierce.

The CIO's guide to Quantum computing

Quantum computers offer great promise for cryptography and optimization problems, and companies are racing to make them practical for business use. ZDNet explores what quantum computers will and wont be able to do, and the challenges that remain.

Read More

The challenge is even greater for organizations dealing in highly specialized technologies. Quantum computing, for example, combines a variety of specialist fields such as quantum theory, advanced mathematics, and computer science that aren't seen on your typical CV, shrinking the talent pool considerably for companies looking to hire in this nascent, but increasingly competitive, industry.

SEE:Quantum computing's next big challenge: A quantum skills shortage

"It is incredibly small," says Samantha Edmondson, head of talent at British quantum computing startup, Universal Quantum, which is on a mission to build the world's first million-qubit quantum computer.

"Say if we were looking to hire an experienced quantum physicist that had the kind of expertise we needed, then yes, you're looking at a small handful of academic groups across the world that you can really pick from."

Quantum computers operate on inherently different principles to classical computers, requiring a new approach to problem-solving and a workforce consisting of academic, technical, and businesses expertise.

No one candidate is going to possess all of these. "It involves so many different skills: we need classical hardware engineers, we need software engineers, we need mathematicians, we need simulation and modelling experts," says Edmondson.

"I think the challenge for us is, if we go to hire a classical engineer, they don't have the physics background; if we hire a physicist, they're not used to working with classical hardware engineering analogue design is new to them."

Another fundamental challenge for businesses is getting people interested in technical fields to begin with.

Not only are fewer young people taking IT and STEM-related subjects at school, but research also suggests that younger generations aren't all too confident about their chances of landing a career in tech either.

Robert Liscouski, CEO of Quantum Computing Inc (QCI), says this is reflective of endemic problems in how young people are educated, which doesn't necessarily include skills that are transferrable into the modern, professional workforce. "I think we're not doing a very good job at all of preparing young people for these technology jobs," he tells ZDNet.

"I think we still have this 19th Century education going on that's really focused on educating children so they can work in factories."

Better education, meanwhile, remains out of reach for most. "Where I live in Northern Virginia, we have a couple of academies that are geared for really advanced education in the secondary school and high schoolThe admission requirements in those programmes are so competitive that kids need to be at the absolute top of their game," says Liscouski.

"That's great you want that advanced thinking. But we need to figure out how we kind of bring that into the entire high school system and inculcate these kids into thinking about technology differently."

One solution for the shortage of specialist tech talent is for employers to bring on employees that are not necessarily already experts in the field, and then train them up on the job.

For a field like quantum computing, this still means being selective in the candidates you can hire higher-level education and expertise in mathematics, physics, engineering, and coding are always going to rank highly, for instance. Even so, internships and training programs can help to lower the barriers to entry.

Universal Quantum runs a three-month internship scheme that's open to graduates who hold a master's in physics or mathematics. Typically, interns take on a specific project that they are given total responsibility for, with Universal Quantum providing support through one-on-one mentoring and drop-in sessions with quantum physicists.

SEE:What is quantum computing? Everything you need to know about the strange world of quantum computers

The internship culminates in them presenting their work to a large section of the company. "Typically, we'll speak to them at the beginning and get a sense of what their interests are, and then we'll match that to a company need we have," says Edmondson.

"They'll often say, 'I don't know anything about quantum' or 'I've never worked in quantum,' and we have to reassure them and say 'that's completely fine, we're happy to teach you that when you come here.' That's quite exciting to them."

Liscouski too believes that deep quantum expertise isn't necessarily a requirement for enterprises to begin taking advantage of quantum computing, although he acknowledges that not all companies have the resources to offer comprehensive training programmes. "It's very hard for small companies and it's very hard for medium-sized companies because you don't have that luxury of taking 10% of your workforce out and putting them in training for a period of time," he says.

"Typically, you hire people because you need them now, not because you need them in six months."

One alternative is to target students at university, college, or even school: something that QCI previously offered with its quantum computing clubs, where participants learn to use the company's software, Qatalyst.

"We're moving into actually the academic instructional program, where professors are using our software as part of their curriculum, and we've got a whole curriculum development programme for that," says Liscouski.

"We're trying to push this down to the lowest common denominator in terms of who can access it. We're even trying to get into high schools to help that workforce development."

Qatalyst is a quantum application accelerator that enables end users to transform real-world problems into quantum-ready requests, and then it processes those requests on a combination of classical computers and cloud-based quantum processors, including Ion-Q, D-Wave, and Rigetti.

SEE:Quantum computing: Getting it ready for business

It enables businesses to make use of quantum applications without needing to have their own quantum computers or specialists.

"It's intended to try to put that technology in the hands of folks who are trying to solve business problems without having to be quantum programmers," says Liscouski.

"Our focus on our platform and the development that we've done to connect to any number of quantum platforms, is to disintermediate, or de-emphasise, the need for this high-end talent that's going to make a program run on a quantum computer."

In many ways, QCI proposes a technical solution to a shortage of specialist skills -- although Liscouski acknowledges that technology on its own is not the be-all to end-all. "We still have this shortcoming of all of this talent that's going to make this stuff work at scale," he adds.

"Quantum programmes are different than classical programmes. The way you look at a problem classically is different to the way you look at a problem from a quantum point of viewThinking about those problems requires a different level of thinking than classical computers."

Given the scant interest in technology careers shown by Generation Z, outreach is going to play a significant role in putting burgeoning, next-generation technologies like quantum computing on their radars undoubtedly the first step to addressing any skills gaps.

Edmondson says tech organizations need to become involved in attracting young people at a grassroots level within schools, as well as getting more creative in how they portray opportunities in the tech sector. "It's definitely a responsibility of businesses to try to nurture the talent pool coming forward and undertake outreach that will assist with that and that's just getting young people excited about things," she says.

SEE:Tech jobs have an image problem, and it's making the skills shortage worse

"We set up a lab in Spitalfields Market in London in a huge shipping container and were giving live demonstrations and experiments. People would come in and we'd talk to them about what we were doing and get them excited. That's relatively small-scale right now, but if somebody goes away and because of that becomes excited to learn something or do a new subject, that's a win."

Liscouski says that exposure to new technologies from an early age will also play an important role in equipping the next-generation workforce with key digital skills and have them working on real-world problems. "I think there has to be either post-high school training capability, or post-college training capability, or colleges have to extend and think more broadly about what they're preparing students to do," he adds.

"Because, at the end of the day, quantum computing like any computer that we know of unless there is end-user adoption, unless there is a focus on what problems can be solved, it becomes a science experiment and is just going to stay in the research world."

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Quantum computing skills are hard to find. Here's how companies are tackling the shortage - ZDNet

COMPUTING

Two of Worlds Biggest Quantum Computers Made in ChinaCharles Q. Choi | IEEE Spectrumscientists in China have tested two different quantum computers on what they say are more challenging tasks than [Googles] Sycamore faced and showed faster results. They note their work points to an unambiguous quantum computational advantage.i

Alternative Rocket Builder SpinLaunch Completes First Test FlightMichael Sheetz | CNBCThe company is developing a launch system that uses kinetic energy as its primary method to get off the groundwith a vacuum-sealed centrifuge spinning the rocket at several times the speed of sound before releasing. This is about building a company and a space launch system that is going to enter into the commercial markets with a very high cadence and launch at the lowest cost in the industry, SpinLaunch CEO Jonathan Yaney told CNBC.

Scientists Build Tiny Robot That Could Deliver Drugs With Amazing AccuracyJulian Dossett | CNET[A] team of scientists at [ETH Zurich] has built a microrobot thats inspired by the movement of starfish larva. Their yet-to-be-named robot measures just a quarter of a millimeter across and swims through liquid by moving tiny surface hairs, or cilia, found on all kinds of microorganisms, including newborn starfish.

Wind and Solar Could Meet 85 Percent of Current Electricity NeedsK. Holt | EngadgetWindandsolar powercould meet around 85 percent of US electricity needs, according to a paper published inNature Communications. Batteries, capacity overbuilding and other storage options could increase that figure. A blend of wind and solar power should be enough to meet most of the current energy needs in advanced, industrialized nations, according to the study.

An E. Coli Biocomputer Solves a Maze by Sharing the WorkSiobhan Roberts | MIT Technology Reviewthis multitalented bacterium has a new trick: it can solve a classic computational maze problem using distributed computingdividing up the necessary calculations among different types of genetically engineered cells. This neat feat is a credit to synthetic biology, which aims to rig up biological circuitry much like electronic circuitry and to program cells as easily as computers.

Lidar Uncovers Hundreds of Lost Maya and Olmec RuinsKiona N. Smith | WiredOver the last several years, lidar surveys have revealedtens of thousands of irrigation channels, causeways, and fortresses across Maya territory, which now spans the borders of Mexico, Guatemala, and Belize. Infrared beams can penetrate dense foliage to measure the height of the ground, which often reveals features like long-abandoned canals or plazas.The results have shown that Maya civilization was more extensive, and more densely populated, than we previously realized.

The Long Search for a Computer That Speaks Your MindAdam Rogers | WiredThe trick is to use data from the brain to synthesize speech in real time so users can practice and the machine can learn. New brain computer interface systems are getting there. The endgame, probably half a decade away, will be some unification of accuracy and intelligibility with real-time audio. Thats the common direction all of the groups doing this are going towarddoing it in real time, Anumanchipalli says.i

AR Is Where the Real Metaverse Is Going to HappenSteven Levy | WirediOur overarching goal is to help bring the metaverse to life, Mark Zuckerberg told his workforce in June. [Niantic CEO John] Hanke hates this idea. Hes read all the science fiction books and seen all the films that first imagined the metaverseall great fun, and allwrong. He believes that his vision, unlikevirtual reality, will make the real world better without encouraging people to totally check out of it.

Image Credit: Shubham Dhage / Unsplash

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This Week's Awesome Tech Stories From Around the Web (Through November 13) - Singularity Hub

Nov. 12, 2021 Supercomputing Frontiers Europe will take place from July 11-15, 2022. The conference is organized by the Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling (ICM), University of Warsaw. The event aims to enable the widest participation of HPC enthusiasts from all around the world, to learn, share and advance. Save the dates!

The last edition of Supercomputing Frontiers Europe was a success with more than 800 registrations, from 77 countries. The conference gathered 43 distinguished speakers including 4 keynote speakers: Irene Qualters from Los Alamos National Laboratory, Anders Jensen, the Executive Director of the EuroHPC JU, Hiroaki Kitano from The Systems Biology Institute and Roberto Car, the recipient of the 2020 ACM Gordon Bell Prize, from Princeton University.

We are witnessing a very interesting period of intense, concerted and carefully planned European engagement in the global supercomputing development which allows us to be on the right track to establish SCFE as a permanent forum for discussing new ideas and emerging technologies in supercomputing. says Dr. Marek Michalewicz, committee chair and Supercomputing Frontiers conference creator.

SCFE strives to give an open space for the HPC community to interact and discuss visionary ideas. The annual event is attended by scientists, researchers, supercomputer centres managers, students and representatives of leading technology vendors and start-ups. Each year the organisers prepare free workshops for the audience to participate in, delivered by the leaders of the field.

The tentative topics for SCFE22 will be:

Submission closing date is April 30, 2022. CFP: https://easychair.org/cfp/SCFE2022.

Submitted papers will be subjected to a peer review and carefully evaluated based on originality, significance, technical soundness, and clarity of exposition. All authors of accepted papers from the conference will be invited by the SCFE22 program committee to submit and publish their paper (after further independent review) in a special issue of the international journal of Supercomputing Frontiers and Innovations.

Stay in touch Conference website: https://supercomputingfrontiers.eu/2022. Twitter: https://twitter.com/SCFE_conference. #SCFE22

About the Organizer

The Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling (ICM), University of Warsaw, is involved in interdisciplinary scientific research based on mathematical modeling, computer simulations, modeling, multi-scale and large-scale computations. The popularmeteo.pl weather portal for over 25 years has been providing the most accurate weather predictions for Poland and is visited about 200 million times annually. ICM researchers created decision support tools for globalcivil aviation (in collaboration with ICAO). For nearly a year now ICM is supporting the Polish Government and crisis management authorities in Poland by providing short and long term predictions of epidemic in Poland usingICM Epidemiological Model for the COVID-19. ICM plays crucial role in securing access for Polish scientists from over 500 institutions to the entire body of scientific literature, including over 26,000 journal titles, and over 150 000 book titles by maintaining theVirtual Library of Science. ICM networking team has participated in a number of cutting edge networking solutions, both for high throughput and low latency requirements. In 2019, ICM engineers have established a production100Gbps connection over 12,375 4 miles CAE-1(Collaboration Asia Europe-1) line between Warsaw and Singapore.

Source: Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modelling, University of Warsaw

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Supercomputing Frontiers Europe 2022 to be Held July 11-15, 2022 - HPCwire

Illustration of a quantum wave packet in close vicinity of a conical intersection between two potential energy surfaces. The wave packet represents the collective motion of multiple atoms in the photoactive yellow protein. A part of the wave packet moves through the intersection from one potential energy surface to the other, while another part remains on the top surface, leading to a superposition of quantum states. Credit: DESY, Niels Breckwoldt

A new analytical technique is able to provide hitherto unattainable insights into the extremely rapid dynamics of biomolecules. The team of developers, led by Abbas Ourmazd from the University of WisconsinMilwaukee and Robin Santra from DESY, is presenting its clever combination of quantum physics and molecular biology in the scientific journal Nature. The scientists used the technique to track the way in which the photoactive yellow protein (PYP) undergoes changes in its structure in less than a trillionth of a second after being excited by light.

In order to precisely understand biochemical processes in nature, such as photosynthesis in certain bacteria, it is important to know the detailed sequence of events, Santra explains their underlying motivation. When light strikes photoactive proteins, their spatial structure is altered, and this structural change determines what role a protein takes on in nature. Until now, however, it has been almost impossible to track the exact sequence in which structural changes occur. Only the initial and final states of a molecule before and after a reaction can be determined and interpreted in theoretical terms. But we dont know exactly how the energy and shape changes in between the two, says Santra. Its like seeing that someone has folded their hands, but you cant see them interlacing their fingers to do so.

Whereas a hand is large enough and the movement is slow enough for us to follow it with our eyes, things are not that easy when looking at molecules. The energy state of a molecule can be determined with great precision using spectroscopy; and bright X-rays for example from an X-ray laser can be used to analyze the shape of a molecule. The extremely short wavelength of X-rays means that they can resolve very small spatial structures, such as the positions of the atoms within a molecule. However, the result is not an image like a photograph, but instead a characteristic interference pattern, which can be used to deduce the spatial structure that created it.

Since the movements are extremely rapid at the molecular level, the scientists have to use extremely short X-ray pulses to prevent the image from being blurred. It was only with the advent of X-ray lasers that it became possible to produce sufficiently bright and short X-ray pulses to capture these dynamics. However, since molecular dynamics takes place in the realm of quantum physics where the laws of physics deviate from our everyday experience, the measurements can only be interpreted with the help of a quantum-physical analysis.

A peculiar feature of photoactive proteins needs to be taken into consideration: the incident light excites their electron shell to enter a higher quantum state, and this causes an initial change in the shape of the molecule. This change in shape can in turn result in the excited and ground quantum states overlapping each other. In the resulting quantum jump, the excited state reverts to the ground state, whereby the shape of the molecule initially remains unchanged. The conical intersection between the quantum states therefore opens a pathway to a new spatial structure of the protein in the quantum mechanical ground state.

The team led by Santra and Ourmazd has now succeeded for the first time in unraveling the structural dynamics of a photoactive protein at such a conical intersection. They did so by drawing on machine learning because a full description of the dynamics would in fact require every possible movement of all the particles involved to be considered. This quickly leads to unmanageable equations that cannot be solved.

The photoactive yellow protein we studied consists of some 2000 atoms, explains Santra, who is a Lead Scientist at DESY and a professor of physics at Universitt Hamburg. Since every atom is basically free to move in all three spatial dimensions, there are a total of 6000 options for movement. That leads to a quantum mechanical equation with 6000 dimensions which even the most powerful computers today are unable to solve.

However, computer analyses based on machine learning were able to identify patterns in the collective movement of the atoms in the complex molecule. Its like when a hand moves: there, too, we dont look at each atom individually, but at their collective movement, explains Santra. Unlike a hand, where the possibilities for collective movement are obvious, these options are not as easy to identify in the atoms of a molecule. However, using this technique, the computer was able to reduce the approximately 6000 dimensions to four. By demonstrating this new method, Santras team was also able to characterize a conical intersection of quantum states in a complex molecule made up of thousands of atoms for the first time.

The detailed calculation shows how this conical intersection forms in four-dimensional space and how the photoactive yellow protein drops through it back to its initial state after being excited by light. The scientists can now describe this process in steps of a few dozen femtoseconds (quadrillionths of a second) and thus advance the understanding of photoactive processes. As a result, quantum physics is providing new insights into a biological system, and biology is providing new ideas for quantum mechanical methodology, says Santra, who is also a member of the Hamburg Cluster of Excellence CUI: Advanced Imaging of Matter. The two fields are cross-fertilizing each other in the process.

Reference: Few-fs resolution of a photoactive protein traversing a conical intersection by A. Hosseinizadeh, N. Breckwoldt, R. Fung, R. Sepehr, M. Schmidt, P. Schwander, R. Santra and A. Ourmazd, 3 November 2021, Nature.DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04050-9

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Clever Combination of Quantum Physics and Molecular Biology - SciTechDaily