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Theres a joke, playing on the quantum worlds unique properties, that goes, There are three types of people in this world: Those who understand quantum computing, those who dont understand quantum computing, and those who simultaneously do and do not understand quantum computing. All kidding aside, Weiwen Jiang sees a world in which quantum computing is in widespread use; with new funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF), he is taking steps toward that goal.

Jiang, an assistant professor in George Mason Universitys Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, is leading two recently awarded NSF projectsworth a total $900,000for work on the development of these complex devices and on building the quantum workforce of tomorrow.

Quantum computers differ from classical computers in that they use elements of quantum mechanics to perform calculations, allowing them to operate much faster and crunch more data. While there are several operational quantum computers in useIBM and Google are among the top manufacturersthey currently are far from their promised potential and simply cannot yet make the large-scale calculations predicted of them.

Jiang said one key problem is, They are not stable. We can use them for computations, but you might get one answer today and then get an entirely different answer tomorrow.

Quantum devices are notoriously susceptible to noisespecifically, things like cosmic rays, changes in the Earth's magnetic field, radiation, and even mobile wi-fi signals. The noise contributes to the devices instability.

The $600,000 collaborative grant will fund the work of Jiang and his collaborators from Kent State University in developing an adaptor that will adjust to fluctuating noise, improving the performance of applications on quantum devices. Jiang is well versed on the topic, having recently won the Best Poster Award for System-level optimizations in improving the robustness of quantum applications on unstable quantum devices at an event at Oak Ridge National Lab.

According to Jiangs preliminary works, the deployment of the quantum applications faces several challenges, including: sustainabilityon one quantum processor, most quantum applications are sensitive to the temporal changes of quantum noise; portabilitydifferent quantum processors (even from the same vendor) with specific properties will lead to variation of model uncertainty; and transparencya lack of visualization tools can block users from tailoring their quantum applications to quantum computers for higher reliability. The NSF project will systematically provide solutions in response to these challenges.

Jiang is optimistic about the future of quantum computing: Every year, we see a lot of breakthroughs. Just a couple of months ago IBM published a paper on noise reduction. And every year, we see that the number of qubits in quantum computers increases from five in the year 2000 to over 400 on a new computer from IBM. (A qubit is the basic unit of information used in quantum computing, much like a 1 and 0 for traditional computing.)

Another grant, which Jiang shares with collaborators MingzhenTian and JessicaRosenberg in the College of Science, provides $300,000 from NSF to bolster the quantum workforce pipeline. The grant is for an end-to-end quantum system integration training program. The faculty members are developing a new course at Mason, organizing workshops at the IEEE International Conference on Quantum Computing in September (where Jiang is the quantum system track co-chair), and conducting tutorials at international conferences. Recently the team, led by Rosenberg, coordinated a summer immersion program at Mason for high school students. In addition, in the coming months, Jiang will be conducting seminars at a variety of minority-serving institutions in the DC region.

Jiang said the opportunities for quantum-trained engineers are robust and growing. I have collaborations locally with Leidos and MITRE, for example, and they have needs in this field. Further, we know that quantum will make a difference in everything from finance to drug discovery to machine learning and beyond.

He is encouraged about the quantum futureboth in the world and here at Mason. He stressed that as student demand grows for this technology, we need to provide the appropriate materials for our students, because were seeing a lot of strong interest in this field.

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Quantum Conundrums: Navigating Noise and Enhancing Expertise - George Mason University

August 28, 2023August 28, 2023

A digital signature developed by researchers from Clemson University and three universities in Europe could become part of the national standard for encryption tools designed to protect the privacy of digital information against quantum computers in the future.

The U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is holding a competition to select standard post-quantum digital signature algorithms that would securely authenticate email, credit card and bank transactions, and digital documents from unwanted third parties tampering.

The researchers CROSS (Codes and Restricted Objects Signature Scheme) proposal was named a candidate for standardization.

Now, researchers from around the world will try to break it.

If you think about it, this is the best way to choose the standards, said Felice Manganiello, an associate professor in the Clemson School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences and one of the developers of CROSS. Once they decide which proposals are the candidates, the rest of the world can try to attack them to find vulnerabilities. These systems are secure until they are not anymore. So, these competitions are actually a healthy way to decide the standard by having a lot of people working on proving the security.

Clemson graduate student Freeman Slaughter and researchers from Polytechnic University of Marche,Polytechnic University of Milanand Technical University of Munich also worked on the proposal.

Quantum computers could revolutionize the future of fields such as medicine, finance, energy and transportation by solving complex problems that are beyond the reach of even the best of todays classic supercomputers.

Unlike conventional computers that perform computation and store information in binary form (1s and 0s), quantum computers exploit the strange properties of quantum physics to operate on information in multiple forms known as qubits. By leveraging two key phenomena quantum superposition and entanglement quantum computers can explore multiple solution pathways simultaneously, allowing them to solve problems that would take a classic computer too long to calculate.

With that power would come the ability to crack todays standards for encryption and digital signatures, which rely on math problems that even a combination of the fastest conventional computers find intractable.

The standards we have today would not be sufficient, Manganiello said.

The NIST announced the first group of three digital signatures in July 2022 after a multi-year vetting process. It called for additional digital signature proposals in 2022. About 50 proposals were received and 40 were named candidates.

A digital signature is a mathematical algorithm used to validate the authenticity and integrity of an email, credit card transaction or digital document. Digital signatures create a virtual fingerprint that is unique to a person or entity and are used to identify users and protect information in digital messages or documents.Digital signaturesare significantly more secure than other forms of electronic signatures, according to the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency.

Six of the digital signature candidates are code-based signatures, including CROSS.

Manganiello said that after the NISTs first call for proposals several years ago, researchers realized that code-based cryptography was not competitive because it led to large signatures.

The code-based problems were the oldest and safest problems, but they were leading to very large signatures. That made the whole community start working on what could be done to decrease these signature sizes, he said.

While CROSS is code-based, it uses Merkle trees and zero-knowledge protocols to make the signatures shorter.

Our digital signature algorithm is competitive because the signatures are quite small and the speed of computing them is faster with respect to the other candidates, he said. The only issue is that the system is based on a more recent problem than others and theres not as much literature attacking it, he said.

Manganiello said it could take several years for the NIST to decide whether the researchers algorithm will be selected as a standard.

Or email us at news@clemson.edu

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Clemson mathematicians' collaborative digital signature is a ... - Clemson News

ORLANDO, August 22, 2023 Quantum computing, which can enable advances in technologies including artificial intelligence and virtual reality, is coming in the near future, said a representative from Chattanooga, Tennessees smart city provider during a Fiber Connect address Tuesday.

Quantum computing refers to the technology that uses principles of physics to solve complex problems not solvable by computers. According to Jim Ingraham, representative for EPB, the provider of energy and connectivity for smart city in Chattanooga, Tennessee, quantum computing is the new future. Technology is evolving, is real and is well-invested, he said, claiming that it behooves the industry to be aware of coming demands on broadband networks because of it.

Networks need to be more resilient, reliable and flexible for coming adoptions, stated Ingraham. Networks have to be clean, affordable and implement advanced computing on a fiber system.

The rate of innovation and adoption is accelerating, there is no doubt about that, said Ingraham. It is happening more rapidly, rapidly, rapidly. Already, quantum computers are available, and innovators are continuing to improve their processes, he continued.

Right behind [quantum computers] is coming a quantum network, said Ingraham. It will take time. Quantum internet will evolve we will stop talking about kilobits, megabits, even gigabits. We will start talking about qubits. Qubits process data not in a linear way, but instantaneously, he explained.

Thus, quantum computing can make unimaginable applications possible for the future, he said. He predicted that virtual reality will evolve to become a 360-degree, holographic-based world in which virtual reality blends seamlessly with reality. it will not be an equipment based system, he said, referring to new virtual reality headsets released earlier this year by Apple.

Chattanooga, Tennessee is considered by some as the countrys best connected smart city when it became the first U.S. city to offer fiber internet through EPBs fiber network. EPB announced in November its partnership with Qubitekk, a provider of quantum optic-based cybersecurity solutions, to launch the nations first commercially available quantum network.

Quantum networks, like traditional networks, transmit information between nodes. Instead of sending classical bits, however, quantum networks send quantum bits or qubits each of which is comprised of a single photon. Unlike the classical binary bit, which is limited to a 1 or a 0, a qubit has unlimited values.

Today we have what we believe to be the countrys first quantum communications network that is commercial, said Ingraham. We believe that this can be an engine for innovation in this new quantum world.

He added that total annual quantum start-up investment hit the highest level of all time in 2022 at $2.4 billion, though it only grew one percent year over year.

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Artificial Intelligence-Enhancing Quantum Computing Coming in ... - BroadbandBreakfast.com

U.S (New York)-Europe Quantum Computing MarketReport gives evaluation and insights primarily based on authentic consultations with necessary gamers such as CEOs, Managers, Department Heads of Suppliers, Manufacturers, and Distributors etc.

Europe quantum computing market was valued at $257.5 million in 2021 and will grow by 27.2% annually over 2021-2031,driven by the need for secure communication and digitization, an emergence of advance applications and early adoption of quantum computers in some industries, increased investment in quantum computing technology, and the rise of numerous strategic partnerships and collaborations among key vendors. Highlighted with 36 tables and 67 figures, this 131-page report Europe Quantum Computing Market 2021-2031 by Component (Hardware, Software, Services), Technology (Superconducting Qubits, Trapped Ion, Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Annealing, Topological and Photonic), Deployment, Application (ML, Optimization, Simulation), Industry Vertical, and Country: Trend Forecast and Growth Opportunity is based on a comprehensive research of the entire Europe quantum computing market and all its sub-segments through extensively detailed classifications.

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Profound analysis and assessment are generated from premium primary and secondary information sources with inputs derived from industry professionals across the value chain. The report is based on studies on 2019-2021 and provides forecast from 2022 till 2031 with 2021 as the base year. (Please note: The report will be updated before delivery so that the latest historical year is the base year and the forecast covers at least 5 years over the base year.)

In-depth qualitative analyses include identification and investigation of the following aspects: Market Structure Growth Drivers Restraints and Challenges Emerging Product Trends & Market Opportunities Porters Fiver Forces

The trend and outlook of global market is forecast in optimistic, balanced, and conservative view by taking into account of COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine conflict. The balanced (most likely) projection is used to quantify quantum computing market in every aspect of the classification from perspectives of Component, Technology, Deployment, Application, Industry Vertical, and Region.

Selected Key Players: 1QB Information Technologies Inc. Accenture Plc. Amazon Web Services, Inc. Anyon Systems, Inc. Atos SE Cambridge Quantum Computing Ltd. ColdQuanta, Inc. D-Wave Systems Inc. Google LLC by Alphabet Inc. Honeywell International Inc. IBM Corporation Intel Corporation IonQ Inc. ISARA Corporation Microsoft Corporation QC Ware Corp. Quantum Circuits, Inc. Rigetti & Co, Inc. River Lane Research Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc. Zapata Computing, Inc.

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Based on Component Hardware o Quantum Computers o Programmed Infrastructure Software o Simulation o Optimization o Machine Learning o Sampling and Others Services o Professional Services ? Deployment and Installation ? Infrastructure Maintenance ? Consulting and Education o Managed Services

Based on Technology Superconducting Qubits Trapped Ion Quantum Cryptography Quantum Annealing Topological and Photonic

By Deployment On-premises Deployment Cloud-based Deployment

By Application Machine Learning (ML) Quantum Optimization Quantum Simulation Quantum Finance Quantum Chemistry Other Applications

By Industry Vertical Pharmaceutical and Healthcare BFSI Government and Public Services Aerospace and Defense Energy & Utilities Automotive and Transportation Chemical Industry IT and Telecom Manufacturing Industry Cybersecurity Media and Entertainment Other Industry Verticals

Geographically Germany UK France Spain Italy Netherlands Rest of Europe (further segmented into Russia, Switzerland, Poland, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, Ireland, Norway, Denmark, and Finland))

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Europe Quantum Computing Market Size and Overview Analysis ... - The Knox Student

The Enchilada Trap, manufactured in Sandia National Laboratories Microsystems Engineering, Science and Applications fabrication facility. Credit: Craig Fritz, Sandia National Laboratories

Sandia National Laboratories has produced its first lot of a new world-class ion trap, a central component for certain quantum computers. This innovative device, termed the Enchilada Trap, enables researchers to construct more powerful machines, propelling the experimental yet groundbreaking realm of quantum computing forward.

In addition to traps operated at Sandia, several traps will be used at Duke University for performing quantum algorithms. Duke and Sandia are research partners through the Quantum Systems Accelerator, one of five U.S. National Quantum Information Science Research Centers funded by the Department of Energys Office of Science.

An ion trap is a type of microchip that holds electrically charged atoms, or ions. With more trapped ions, or qubits, a quantum computer can run more complex algorithms.

Jonathan Sterk points to the section of an ion trap trapped ion qubits travel in a close-up view of the trap inside a vacuum chamber at Sandia National Laboratories. Credit: Craig Fritz, Sandia National Laboratories

With sufficient control hardware, the Enchilada Trap could store and transport up to 200 qubits using a network of five trapping zones inspired by its predecessor, the Roadrunner Trap. Both versions are produced at Sandias Microsystems Engineering, Science, and Applications fabrication facility.

According to Daniel Stick, a Sandia scientist and leading researcher with the Quantum Systems Accelerator, a quantum computer with up to 200 qubits and current error rates will not outperform a conventional computer for solving useful problems. However, it will enable researchers to test an architecture with many qubits that in the future will support more sophisticated quantum algorithms for physics, chemistry, data science, materials science, and other areas.

We are providing the field of quantum computing room to grow and explore larger machines and more complicated programming, Stick said.

Sandia National Laboratories electrical engineer Ray Haltli optimizes parameters before placing gold wire bonds on an ion trap. When ready, the machine runs automatically, placing up to seven wires per second. Credit: Craig Fritz, Sandia National Laboratories

Sandia has researched, built, and tested ion traps for 20 years. To overcome a series of design challenges, the team combined institutional knowledge with new innovations.

For one, they needed space to hold more ions and a way to rearrange them for complex calculations. The solution was a network of electrodes that branches out similar to a family tree or tournament bracket. Each narrow branch serves as a place to store and shuttle ions.

Sandia had experimented with similar junctions in previous traps. The Enchilada Trap uses the same design in a tiled way so it can explore scaling properties of a smaller trap. Stick believes the branching architecture is currently the best solution for rearranging trapped ion qubits and anticipates that future, even larger versions of the trap will feature a similar design.

Another concern was the dissipation of electrical power on the Enchilada Trap, which could generate significant heat, leading to increased outgassing from surfaces, a higher risk of electrical breakdown, and elevated levels of electrical field noise. To address this issue, production specialists designed new microscopic features to reduce the capacitance of certain electrodes.

Our team is always looking ahead, said Sandias Zach Meinelt, the lead integrator on the project. We collaborate with scientists and engineers to learn about the kind of technology, features, and performance improvements they will need in the coming years. We then design and fabricate traps to meet those requirements and constantly seek ways to further improve.

The research was funded by the US Department of Energy.

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The Enchilada Trap: New Device Paves the Way for Bigger and ... - SciTechDaily