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Physicists at Princeton University report the successful on-demand entanglement of individual molecules, a significant milestone that they say leverages quantum mechanics to achieve these unusual states, according to new research.

Quantum entanglement remains one of the great enigmas in contemporary physics. Essentially, the phenomenon entails particles that are bound together in such a manner that any alteration in the quantum state of one particle instantaneously influences its entangled counterpart.

Remarkably, this connection persists even over vast distances, an effect initially labeled as spooky action at a distance following its introduction in a seminal 1935 paper by Albert Einstein, Boris Podolsky, and Nathan Rosen.

While remaining mysterious, recent years have seen substantial progress in unraveling the mysteries of entanglement, with the additional promise for its practical application in diverse fields such as quantum computing, cryptography, and communication technology.

Now, the Princeton teams recent success can be counted among these developments, in the application of quantum entanglement toward producing beneficial future technologies. The teams work was recently described in a paper that appeared in the journal Science.

Lawrence Cheuk, assistant professor of physics at Princeton and the papers senior author, says the achievement helps to pave the way toward the construction of quantum computers and related technologies, which will inevitably overtake their classical counterparts in speed and efficiency in the coming years.

Significantly, the new research also achieves quantum advantage, whereby quantum bits, or qubits, can simultaneously exist in multiple states, unlike classical binary computer bits which are limited to assuming values of either 0 or 1.

This is a breakthrough in the world of molecules because of the fundamental importance of quantum entanglement, Cheuk said in a statement.

But it is also a breakthrough for practical applications because entangled molecules can be the building blocks for many future applications, Cheuk added.

Although entanglement is a core component of quantum mechanics, mastering its control for use in practical applications has remained elusive. Several technologies have been put forward as potential paths toward the creation of quantum computation devices, although no single solution has arisen, and researchers may ultimately be faced with utilizing different approaches respective to the various kinds of systems that are created.

In their recent research, Cheuk and the Princeton team succeeded in what they say is the first controlled entanglement of molecules, an achievement that was once considered too complex based on the quantum degrees of freedom and interactions that molecules possess. However, this quantum flexibility also makes molecules ideal for applications like quantum information processing, as well as the simulation of complex materials, when compared with alternatives like atoms.

Yukai Lu, a graduate student and co-author of the new paper, says the results of the teams research reveal novel ways of storing and processing quantum information.

For example, a molecule can vibrate and rotate in multiple modes, Lu explains, which means that researchers can use two of these modes to encode a qubit.

To overcome the difficulty presented by attempting to control the complex behavior of molecules, Cheuk and the team used a method of picking up individual molecules with a tightly focused array of lasers, in a system appropriately known as a tweezer array.

Cheuk calls the utilization of molecules for quantum science a new frontier, adding that the teams ability to showcase entanglement essentially on-demand represents a significant step toward eventually demonstrating that molecules could be used in practical systems for the application of quantum science.

Our results demonstrate the key building blocks needed for quantum applications and may advance quantum-enhanced fundamental physics tests that use trapped molecules, the team writes in their recent paper.

Notably, similar results were described in an entirely separate study, led by Harvard University researchers John Doyle and Kang-Kuen Ni, along with Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Wolfgang Ketterle, which was published in the same issue of Science.

For Cheuk, the similarity of the two papers is only further confirmation that the tweezer array approach boasts significant potential for quantum science applications.

The fact that they got the same results verify the reliability of our results, Cheuk said.

Cheuk, Lu, and the Princeton teams paper, On-demand entanglement of molecules in a reconfigurable optical tweezer array, appeared in Science on December 7, 2023.

Micah Hanks is the Editor-in-Chief and Co-Founder of The Debrief. He can be reached by email atmicah@thedebrief.org. Follow his work atmicahhanks.comand on X:@MicahHanks.

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Entanglement On-Demand Achieved in Breakthrough Study Pointing to New Frontier in Quantum Science - The Debrief

AUSTIN, Texas, Dec. 12, 2023 Infleqtion has been selected by Japans Science and Technology Agency (JST) as the only foreign quantum computing partner in the Quantum Moonshot program, an initiative to advance Japanese technological capabilities and to revolutionize Japans economy, industry, and security by 2050. As part of the program, Infleqtion will collaborate to develop a large-scale, neutral atom quantum computer with high-fidelity qubits.

Led by Professor Kenji Ohmori of the Institute for Molecular Science, the program will develop a leading-edge fault-tolerant quantum computer based on atomic qubits. Professor Ohmori is a world leader in the ultrafast control of atoms for quantum computing and simulation. Recently, his team successfully executed an ultrafast 2-qubit gate between two single atoms, which has disruptively accelerated the 2-qubit gate operation of neutral atom quantum computers by two orders of magnitude.

Neutral-atom technology has emerged as a promising candidate for commercial quantum computing. In particular, it has potential in that it can be easily scaled up while maintaining high coherence times compared to the superconducting and trapped-ion modalities.

Infleqtions participation in the Quantum Moonshot program marks a significant step forward in advancing quantum computing capabilities for Japan. We look forward to leveraging Infleqtions expertise to push the boundaries of quantum computing, said Professor Kenji Ohmori.

Infleqtion is honored to contribute to Japans ambitious Quantum Moonshot program, bringing our years of neutral atom leadership to Japan, said Scott Faris, Chief Executive Officer at Infleqtion. This partnership signifies a landmark moment for Infleqtions quantum computing platform. We are excited to bring our expertise in quantum technologies and photonics to the forefront of this transformative journey.

Having a trailblazing U.S. quantum company joining forces with Japans Moonshot program is a major leap in strengthening the U.S.-Japan Alliance in a critical tech frontier, said Rahm Emanuel, U.S. Ambassador to Japan. This collaboration marks a transformative era in our joint pursuit of quantum innovation.

By combining Infleqtions expertise with Professor Ohmoris groundbreaking research, the consortium aims to achieve new heights in quantum computing capabilities, helping to lay the foundation for Japans future.

About Infleqtion

Infleqtion delivers high-value quantum information precisely where it is needed. By operating at the Edge, our software-configured, quantum-enabled products deliver unmatched levels of precision and power, generating streams of high-value information for commercial organizations, the United States, and allied governments. With 16 years of ColdQuantas pioneering quantum research as our foundation, our hardware products and AI-powered solutions address critical market needs in positioning, navigation and timing, global communication security and efficiency, resilient energy distribution, and accelerated quantum computing.

Source: Infleqtion

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Infleqtion Partners with Japan's Science Agency, Eyeing a Quantum Future by 2050 - HPCwire

Harvard researchers have realized a key milestone in the quest for stable, scalable quantum computing, an ultra-high-speed technology that will enable game-changing advances in a variety of fields, including medicine, science, and finance.

The team, led by Mikhail Lukin, the Joshua and Beth Friedman University Professor in physics and co-director of the Harvard Quantum Initiative, has created the first programmable, logical quantum processor, capable of encoding up to 48 logical qubits, and executing hundreds of logical gate operations, a vast improvement over prior efforts.

Published in Nature, the work was performed in collaboration with Markus Greiner, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics; colleagues from MIT; and QuEra Computing, a Boston company founded on technology from Harvard labs.

The system is the first demonstration of large-scale algorithm execution on an error-corrected quantum computer, heralding the advent of early fault-tolerant, or reliably uninterrupted, quantum computation.

"I think this is one of the moments in which it is clear that something very special is coming"

Mikhail Lukin, Joshua and Beth Friedman University Professor in Physics

Lukin described the achievement as a possible inflection point akin to the early days in the field of artificial intelligence: the ideas of quantum error correction and fault tolerance, long theorized, are starting to bear fruit.

I think this is one of the moments in which it is clear that something very special is coming, Lukin said. Although there are still challenges ahead, we expect that this new advance will greatly accelerate the progress toward large-scale, useful quantum computers.

Denise Caldwell of the National Science Foundation agrees.

"The team has not only accelerated the development of quantum information processing by using neutral atoms, but opened a new door to explorations of large-scale logical qubit devices, which could enable transformative benefits for science and society as a whole."

Caldwell, acting assistant director of the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Directorate

This breakthrough is a tour de force of quantum engineering and design, said Caldwell, acting assistant director of the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Directorate, which supported the research through NSFs Physics Frontiers Centers and Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes programs. The team has not only accelerated the development of quantum information processing by using neutral atoms, but opened a new door to explorations of large-scale logical qubit devices, which could enable transformative benefits for science and society as a whole.

Its been a long, complex path.

In quantum computing, a quantum bit or qubit is one unit of information, just like a binary bit in classical computing. For more than two decades, physicists and engineers have shown the world that quantum computing is, in principle, possible by manipulating quantum particles be they atoms, ions, or photons to create physical qubits.

But successfully exploiting the weirdness of quantum mechanics for computation is more complicated than simply amassing a large-enough number of qubits, which are inherently unstable and prone to collapse out of their quantum states.

The real coins of the realm are so-called logical qubits: bundles of redundant, error-corrected physical qubits, which can store information for use in a quantum algorithm. Creating logical qubits as controllable units like classical bits has been a fundamental obstacle for the field, and its generally accepted that until quantum computers can run reliably on logical qubits, the technology cant really take off.

To date, the best computing systems have demonstrated one or two logical qubits, and one quantum gate operation akin to just one unit of code between them.

The Harvard teams breakthrough builds on several years of work on a quantum computing architecture known as a neutral atom array, pioneered in Lukins lab. It is now being commercialized by QuEra, which recently entered into a licensing agreement with Harvards Office of Technology Development for a patent portfolio based on innovations developed by Lukins group.

The key component of the system is a block of ultra-cold, suspended rubidium atoms, in which the atoms the systems physical qubits can move about and be connected into pairs or entangled mid-computation.

Entangled pairs of atoms form gates, which are units of computing power. Previously, the team had demonstrated low error rates in their entangling operations, proving the reliability of their neutral atom array system.

With their logical quantum processor, the researchers now demonstrate parallel, multiplexed control of an entire patch of logical qubits, using lasers. This result is more efficient and scalable than having to control individual physical qubits.

We are trying to mark a transition in the field, toward starting to test algorithms with error-corrected qubits instead of physical ones, and enabling a path toward larger devices, said paper first author Dolev Bluvstein, a Griffin School of Arts and Sciences Ph.D. student in Lukins lab.

The team will continue to work toward demonstrating more types of operations on their 48 logical qubits and to configure their system to run continuously, as opposed to manual cycling as it does now.

The work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency through the Optimization with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices program; the Center for Ultracold Atoms, a National Science Foundation Physics Frontiers Center; the Army Research Office; the joint Quantum Institute/NIST; and QuEra Computing.

Press contact

Anne J. Manning The Harvard Gazette

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Researchers create first logical quantum processor - Harvard Office of Technology Development

The collaboration signifies a landmark moment for Infleqtion's quantum computing platform.

AUSTIN, Texas, Dec. 12, 2023 /PRNewswire/ -- Infleqtion, the world's leading quantum information company, has been selected by Japan's Science and Technology Agency (JST) as the only foreign quantum computing partner in the Quantum Moonshot program, a cutting-edge initiative to advance Japan's technological capabilities and to revolutionize Japan's economy, industry, and security by 2050. As part of the program, Infleqtion will collaborate to develop a large-scale, neutral atom quantum computer with high-fidelity qubits.

Led by Professor Kenji Ohmori of the Institute for Molecular Science, the program will develop a leading-edge fault-tolerant quantum computer based on atomic qubits. Professor Ohmori is a world leader in the ultrafast control of atoms for quantum computing and simulation. Recently, his team successfully executed an ultrafast 2-qubit gate between two single atoms, which has disruptively accelerated the 2-qubit gate operation of neutral atom quantum computers by two orders of magnitude. Neutral-atom technology has emerged as the most promising candidate for commercial quantum computing. In particular, it has revolutionary potential in that it can be easily scaled up while maintaining high coherence times compared to the superconducting and trapped-ion modalities.

"Infleqtion's participation in the Quantum Moonshot program marks a significant step forward in advancing quantum computing capabilities for Japan. We look forward to leveraging Infleqtion's expertise to push the boundaries of quantum computing," said Professor Kenji Ohmori.

Infleqtion is a world leader in the innovation and development of quantum technologies, including quantum computing. This collaboration, the first in which a foreign company is participating in the Moonshot program, will enable transformational quantum computing capabilities for Japan.

"Infleqtion is honored to contribute to Japan's ambitious Quantum Moonshot program, bringing our years of neutral atom leadership to Japan," said Scott Faris, Chief Executive Officer at Infleqtion. "This partnership signifies a landmark moment for Infleqtion's quantum computing platform. We are excited to bring our expertise in quantum technologies and photonics to the forefront of this transformative journey."

"Having a trailblazing U.S. quantum company joining forces with Japans Moonshot program is a major leap in strengthening the U.S.-Japan Alliance in a critical tech frontier, said Rahm Emanuel, U.S. Ambassador to Japan. This collaboration marks a transformative era in our joint pursuit of quantum innovation."

About Infleqtion's Quantum Computing Platform:

Infleqtion's success in the Quantum Moonshot program highlights the potential of its neutral atom quantum computing platform. By encoding quantum information in the electronic states of individual atoms, Infleqtion's cutting-edge technology contributes to a scalable solution with high-quality qubits. The neutral atom platform leverages naturally identical atoms, avoiding challenges associated with engineered qubit types. The absence of charge in these atoms enables efficient trapping in dense arrays, offering unparalleled scalability.

Key Characteristics of Neutral Atom-Based Qubits:

By combining Infleqtion's expertise with Professor Ohmori's groundbreaking research, the consortium aims to achieve new heights in quantum computing capabilities, laying the foundation for Japan's technologically advanced future.

About Infleqtion

Infleqtion delivers high-value quantum information precisely where it is needed. By operating at the Edge, our software-configured, quantum-enabled products deliver unmatched levels of precision and power, generating streams of high-value information for commercial organizations, the United States, and allied governments. With 16 years of ColdQuanta's pioneering quantum research as our foundation, our hardware products and AI-powered solutions address critical market needs in positioning, navigation and timing, global communication security and efficiency, resilient energy distribution, and accelerated quantum computing. Our teams of quantum experts reside in Austin, TX; Boulder, CO; Chicago, IL; Madison, WI; Melbourne, AU; and Oxford, UK. Learn how Infleqtion is revolutionizing how we communicate, navigate, and discover atwww.infleqtion.comand connect with us on LinkedIn.

Press Contact: Sarah Schupp 720-509-9215 https://www.infleqtion.com/contact

SOURCE Infleqtion

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Infleqtion Selected to Join Japan's Quantum Moonshot Program with Leading Neutral Atom Quantum Computing Platform - PR Newswire

The next ten years will be marked by all the uncertainties and unintended consequences that underpin so many doom and gloom scenarios. It is time to start tracking the abundance and breakthroughs that will also come fast and furious in the next decade equally as overwhelming, while also breathtaking, positive, highly technical and scientific and transformative. Here are a couple of those recent firsts.

Landmark decision heralds a new type of medicine that can tackle genetic conditions that are hard to treat (1)

As reported last week by STAT: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)approved the worlds first medicine based on CRISPR gene-editing technology, a groundbreaking treatment for sickle cell disease that delivers a potential cure for people born with the chronic and life-shortening blood disorder. Thenew medicine, called Casgevy, is made by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and CRISPR Therapeutics. Its authorization is ascientific triumphfor the technology that can efficiently and precisely repair DNA mutations ushering in a new era of genetic medicines for inherited diseases.

The WSJ also covered this breakthrough: FDA Approves Worlds First Crispr Gene-Editing Drug for Sickle-Cell Disease

Key step toward reliable, game-changing quantum computing

Harvard researchers have realized a key milestone in the quest for stable, scalable quantum computing, an ultra-high-speed technology that will enable game-changing advances in a variety of fields, including medicine, science, and finance.The team, led byMikhail Lukin, the Joshua and Beth Friedman University Professor in physics and co-director of theHarvard Quantum Initiative, has created the first programmable, logical quantum processor, capable of encoding up to 48 logical qubits, and executing hundreds of logical gate operations, a vast improvement over prior efforts.

Published inNature, the work was performed in collaboration withMarkus Greiner, the George Vasmer Leverett Professor of Physics; colleagues from MIT; andQuEra Computing, a Boston company founded on technology from Harvard labs. The system is the first demonstration of large-scale algorithm execution on an error-corrected quantum computer, heralding the advent of early fault-tolerant, or reliably uninterrupted, quantum computation. Lukin described the achievement as a possible inflection point akin to the early days in the field of artificial intelligence: the ideas of quantum error correction and fault tolerance, long theorized, are starting to bear fruit.

I think this is one of the moments in which it is clear that something very special is coming, Lukin said. Although there are still challenges ahead, we expect that this new advance will greatly accelerate the progress toward large-scale, useful quantum computers. Denise Caldwell of the National Science Foundation agrees. This breakthrough is a tour de force of quantum engineering and design, said Caldwell, acting assistant director of the Mathematical and Physical Sciences Directorate, which supported the research through NSFs Physics Frontiers Centers and Quantum Leap Challenge Institutes programs. The team has not only accelerated the development of quantum information processing by using neutral atoms, but opened a new door to explorations of large-scale logical qubit devices, which could enable transformative benefits for science and society as a whole.

The work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency through the Optimization with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum devices program; the Center for Ultracold Atoms, a National Science Foundation Physics Frontiers Center; the Army Research Office; the joint Quantum Institute/NIST; and QuEra Computing.

Supplementary Video 1 is Atom video for coherent atom motions used in this work. These videos depict the coherent atom motions employed for the quantum circuits realized in these experiments. To perform parallel entangling gates, indicated by red ovals, the relevant pairs of atoms are brought within close vicinity (~2 m). Supplementary Video 1: Fault-tolerant 4-qubit GHZ state using d = 3 color codes (Fig. 3). Ten color codes, arranged in two rows of five codes with 7 physical qubits per code, are encoded in parallel and the bottom row of five logical qubits are used as ancillas in the transversal CNOT and are then moved to the storage zone. The leftmost four computation logical qubits are then used to prepare a GHZ state.

Suppressing errors is the central challenge for useful quantum computing (1), requiring quantum error correction (2,3,4,5,6) for large-scale processing. However, the overhead in the realization of error-corrected logical qubits, where information is encoded across many physical qubits for redundancy (2,3,4) poses significant challenges to large-scale logical quantum computing. Here we report the realization of a programmable quantum processor based on encoded logical qubits operating with up to 280 physical qubits. Utilizing logical-level control and a zoned architecture in reconfigurable neutral atom arrays (7), our system combines high two-qubit gate fidelities (8), arbitrary connectivity (7,9), as well as fully programmable single-qubit rotations and mid-circuit readout (10,11,12,13,14,15).

Operating this logical processor with various types of encodings, we demonstrate improvement of a two-qubit logic gate by scaling surface code6 distance from d=3 to d=7, preparation of color code qubits with break-even fidelities5, fault-tolerant creation of logical GHZ states and feedforward entanglement teleportation, as well as operation of 40 color code qubits. Finally, using three-dimensional [[8,3,2]] code blocks (16,17) we realize computationally complex sampling circuits (18) with up to 48 logical qubits entangled with hypercube connectivity (19) with 228 logical two-qubit gates and 48 logical CCZ gates (20). We find that this logical encoding substantially improves algorithmic performance with error detection, outperforming physical qubit fidelities at both cross-entropy benchmarking and quantum simulations of fast scrambling (21,22). These results herald the advent of early error-corrected quantum computation and chart a path toward large-scale logical processors.

Sources:

[1] Preskill, J. Quantum Computing in the NISQ era and beyond. Quantum 2, 79 (2018). [2] Shor, P. W. Fault-tolerant quantum computation. In Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science Proceedings, 5665 (IEEE, 1996). [3] Steane, A. Multiple-particle interference and quantum error correction. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 452, 25512577 (1996). [4] Dennis, E., Kitaev, A., Landahl, A. & Preskill, J. Topological quantum memory. Journal of Mathematical Physics 43, 44524505 (2002). arXiv:0110143 [quantph]. [5] Ryan-Anderson, C. et al. Implementing Fault-tolerant Entangling Gates on the Five-qubit Code and the Color Code (2022). arXiv:2208.01863. [6] Quantum, G. Suppressing quantum errors by scaling a surface code logical qubit. Nature 614, 676681 (2023). [7] Bluvstein, D. et al. A quantum processor based on coherent transport of entangled atom arrays. Nature 604, 451456 (2022). [8] Evered, S. J. et al. High-fidelity parallel entangling gates on a neutral-atom quantum computer. Nature 622, 268272 (2023). [9] Beugnon, J. et al. Two-dimensional transport and transfer of a single atomic qubit in optical tweezers. Nature Physics 3, 696699 (2007). [10] Deist, E. et al. Mid-Circuit Cavity Measurement in a Neutral Atom Array. Physical Review Letters 129, 203602 (2022). [11] Singh, K. et al. Mid-circuit correction of correlated phase errors using an array of spectator qubits. Science 380, 12651269 (2023). [12] Graham, T. M. et al. Mid-circuit measurements on a neutral atom quantum processor (2023). arXiv:2303.10051v2. [13] Ma, S. et al. High-fidelity gates and mid-circuit erasure conversion in an atomic qubit. Nature 622, 279284 (2023). [14] Lis, J. W. et al. Mid-circuit operations using the omg-architecture in neutral atom arrays (2023). arXiv:2305.19266. [15] Norcia, M. A. et al. Mid-circuit qubit measurement and rearrangement in a 171 Yb atomic array (2023). arXiv:2305.19119v3. [16] Campbell, E. T. The smallest interesting colour code (2016). URL https://earltcampbell.com/2016/09/ 26/the-smallest-interesting-colour-code/. [17] Vasmer, M. & Kubica, A. Morphing Quantum Codes. Physical Review Applied 10, 030319 (2022). [18] Arute, F. et al. Quantum supremacy using a programmable superconducting processor. Nature 574, 505510 (2019). [19] Kuriyattil, S., Hashizume, T., Bentsen, G. & Daley, A. J. Onset of Scrambling as a Dynamical Transition in Tunable-Range Quantum Circuits. PRX Quantum 4, 030325 (2023). [20] Bremner, M. J., Montanaro, A. & Shepherd, D. J. Average-Case Complexity Versus Approximate Simulation of Commuting Quantum Computations. Physical Review Letters 117, 080501 (2016). [21] Daley, A. J., Pichler, H., Schachenmayer, J. & Zoller, P. Measuring Entanglement Growth in Quench Dynamics of Bosons in an Optical Lattice. Physical Review Letters 109, 020505 (2012). [22] Huang, H. Y. et al. Quantum advantage in learning from experiments. Science 376, 11821186 (2022). arXiv:2112.00778.

The New Tech Trinity: Artificial Intelligence, BioTech, Quantum Tech:Will make monumental shifts in the world. This new Tech Trinity will redefine our economy, both threaten and fortify our national security, and revolutionize our intelligence community. None of us are ready for this. This convergence requires a deepened commitment to foresight and preparation and planning on a level that is not occurring anywhere.The New Tech Trinity.

The Revolution in Biology:This post provides an overview of key thrusts of the transformation underway in biology and offers seven topics business leaders should consider when updating business strategy to optimize opportunity because of these changes. For more see:The Executives Guide To The Revolution in Biology

Quantum Computing and Quantum Sensemaking:Quantum Computing, Quantum Security and Quantum Sensing insights to drive your decision-making process. QuantumComputing and Quantum Security

Materials Science Revolution: Room-temperature ambient pressure superconductors represent a significant innovation. Sustainability gets a boost with reprocessable materials. Energy storage sees innovations in solid-state batteries and advanced supercapacitors. Smart textiles pave the way for health-monitoring and self-healing fabrics. 3D printing materials promise disruptions in various sectors. Perovskites offer versatile applications, from solar power to quantum computing. See:Materials Science

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The First FDA Approved CRISPR-based Medicine and the First Programmable, Logical Quantum Processor - OODA Loop