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24 February 2012 Last updated at 04:24 ET

India's Congress Party leader Sonia Gandhi has refused to furnish details of her income tax, citing "security" concerns, officials say.

An activist, V Gopalkrishnan, had requested the information under freedom of information legislation.

But in her reply, Mrs Gandhi said releasing the information might cause a "financial and security risk".

Mr Gopalkrishnan denied charges of any political affiliation and said he will continue his efforts.

In his query filed to the tax department last December, Mr Gopalkrishnan had sought details of Mrs Gandhi's income tax for the last 10 years, beginning in 2000.

This was done under the country's Right to Information legislation.

But his request was turned down.

He appealed and the income tax department was asked to send a notice to Mrs Gandhi requesting the information.

In her reply to the department, Mrs Gandhi said the disclosure of "such private information to third parties… in guise of transparency in public life would amount to unwarranted invasion of the individual's privacy".

She continued: "There is no case of bona fide public interest involved to disclose such information to third parties."

The tax department said the information sought had "no overriding public interest" and closed the request.

V Gopalkrishnan has the right to appeal.

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Sonia Gandhi rejects tax query

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SANTA CRUZ - Local union and education leaders are putting their weight behind the so-called millionaires tax, a proposed ballot initiative that would restore funding for education and essential services. The initiative, which supporters say is the only progressive tax proposal, would ask Californians who earn in excess of $1 million per year to pay 3 percent more in annual taxes.

The millionaires tax was widely discussed Tuesday evening at a forum held by the Women's International League of Peace and Freedom. Local economic, union and education leaders talked about how initiatives proposed to fix that state's budget will affect Santa Cruz.

Nora Hochman, a union leader for administrative workers at UC Santa Cruz, spoke adamantly about the need for the tax.

"Whether it's short-term rescue or long-term restructuring, something needs to be done," Hochman said. "We have a slim window of opportunity."

Hochman distributed a number of fact sheets on the proposal, which supporters estimate won't cost the average or typical taxpayer any extra money each year, unlike some of the other proposals on the table.

Gov. Jerry Brown's own proposed budget initiative, for instance, which would benefit education, public safety, social services and corrections, would temporarily increase sales tax by half a cent and increase tax rates on those with an annual income of more than $250,000.

In some years, voters have had the opportunity to vote on state ballot initiatives in June as well as in November, last year the state's Legislature moved all June ballot measures to the November ballot, according to Fred Keeley, the county's treasurer.

While Keeley was nuanced in his analysis of the various initiatives, cautioning that fixing the budget crisis on state and local levels is also a matter of finding the right mix of taxes. He said that if he could only pick one of the proposals, he'd go for the millionaires tax.

Francisco Rodriguez, a vice president with the local chapter of the California Federation of Teachers, a leading supporter of the proposal, also spoke in support.

"Our initiative is the only progressive initiative that taxes only those who can truly afford it," he said.

Rodriguez said that California Federation of Teachers began polling its members about the budget proposals in 2009 and then expanded to all voters.

"We've found that across the board, voters support education," he said.

One concern when it comes to ballot initiatives, particularly when there are several in an election year, is that you run the risk of voter fatigue, leaders cautioned. When faced with too many initiatives, voters may get fed up and vote for all, or none. That's one of the reasons Gov. Brown has pushed to shoot down measures that compete with his own $7 billion tax proposal.

Keeley is among the leadership of California Forward, a group that has successfully pushed prior initiatives and is pursuing another that would change how California handles its budget.

Follow Sentinel reporter Jessica M. Pasko on Twitter @jmpasko96

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Community leaders talk state budget proposals, including the teacher-backed millionaires tax

The ICNL(International Center for Not-for-Profit Law) received $1 million from the MacArthur Foundation to advance its mission of creating a legal framework for the right of assembly and association in countries around the world.

What the work boils down to is this: promoting freedom of association and assembly. How it's done: by helping groups design laws that protect these freedoms.

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"In too many countries we find that the legal framework actually restricts the ability of individuals to gather together to try to improve their societies," says Douglas Rutzen, president of The International Center for Not-for-Profit Law (ICNL) in Washington D.C. "We see in country after country the rights that we might take for granted in the United States are restricted."

The ICNL now works in more than 100 countries helping to establish the legal framework for enhancing individual rights. Last week the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation named the ICNL as one of 15 organizations in six countries that are receiving the MacArthur Award for Creative and Effective Institutions. The ICNL will be awarded $1 million. (A list of all the winners is here.)

Among the ICNL's accomplishments:

• Helping to organize a coalition of more than 7,000 organizations in Iraq to pass a law that supports freedom of association and assembly.

• Creating the idea for and helping to establish the first United Nations Special Rapporteur on the freedoms of assembly and association. A UN resolution was adopted in September 2010 and the UN Special Rapporteur now works to defend freedom of association and assembly around the world.

• Maintaining a database of 2,300 laws from more than 160 countries in 37 languages that can be used as source material to create new laws regarding civil freedoms.

The ICNL is currently working in Libya, in concert with the UN and other partners to expand the rights of citizens there. "In Qaddafi's Libya the death penalty could be imposed for someone who sought to set up an independent human rights group," Mr. Rutzen says.

In Mexico, the ICNL is helping local partners work to allow human rights organizations to receive tax deductible donations. In China, it's partnering with the Chinese government to create a legal framework for disaster response and clarify the role charities play in it.

"The magic of INCL is that we're really international," Rutzen says. "About 70 percent of our staff comes from the countries and regions in which they work. [For example] when you look at our Russian office, everybody is Russian."

The center is also active in Egypt, where nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are under intense scrutiny from the new government. "It's really about Egyptian groups and their rights to receive foreign funding," he says.

But the situation in Egypt has broader implications, Rutzen adds.

"Our concern is that this is just the beginning of what may be a prelude to a broader crackdown on Egyptian civil society organizations," he says. "We've also noticed the contagion effect – that when one country does this and gets away with it other countries become emboldened and start to pass restrictive laws as well.

"Just within the last couple of weeks we're seen crackdowns in places like Zimbabwe. There's a draft law in Bangladesh that just emerged. There's been a media campaign against civil society organizations in Venezuela. And the list goes on and on.

"So we think that there is now a broad movement among a number of countries to restrict civic space."

That "civic space" represents a whole host of associations that are not family or business relationships but are based on common interests – from a soccer club to a parent-teacher organization to human rights groups.

"It's that whole collection of nonprofit organizations that enrich our lives," he says.

• For more information about the work of the ICNL, including a video, click here.

• Sign up to receive a weekly selection of practical and inspiring Change Agent articles by clicking here.

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ICNL wins $1 million MacArthur Award to promote freedom of assembly around the world