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No one saw the crisis coming: a coordinated vandalistic effort to insert Squidward references into articles totally unrelated to Squidward. In 2006, Wikipedia was really starting to get going, and really couldnt afford to have any SpongeBob SquarePants-related high jinks sullying the sites growing reputation. It was an embarrassment. Someone had to stop Squidward.

The Wikipedia community knew it couldnt possibly mobilize human editors to face down the trollsthe onslaught was too great, the work too tedious. So instead an admin cobbled together a bot that automatically flagged errant insertions of the Cephalopod Who Shall Not Be Named. And it worked. Wikipedia beat back the Squidward threat, and in so doing fell into a powerful alliance with the bots. Today, hundreds of algorithmic assistants fight all manner of vandals, fix typos, and even create articles on their own. Wikipedia would be a mess without them.

But a funny thing happens when you lock a bunch of bots in a virtual room: Sometimes they dont get along. Sometimes a pair of bots will descend into a slapfight, overwriting each others decisions thousands of times for years on end. According to a new study in PLOS ONE, it happens a lot. Why? Because no matter how cold and calculating bots may seem, they tend to act all too human. And these are the internets nice, not-at-all racist bots. Imagine AI-powered personal digital assistants in the same room yelling at each other all day. Google Home versus Alexa, anyone?

On Wikipedia, bots handle the excruciatingly dull and monotonous work that would drive an army of human editors madif an army of editors could even keep up with all the work. A bot does not tire. It does not get angrywell, at least not at humans. Its programmed for a task, and it sees to that task with a consistency and devotion humans cant match.

While disagreements between human Wikipedia editors tend to fizzle, fights between bots can drag on for months or years. The study found that bots are far more likely to argue than human editors on the English version of Wikipedia: Bots each overrode another bot an average of 105 times over the course of a decade, compared to an average of three times for human editors. Bots get carried away because they simply dont know any bettertheyre just bits of code, after all.

But that doesnt mean they arent trustworthy. Bots are handling relatively simple tasks like spellchecking, not making larger editorial decisions. Indeed, its only because of the bots work that human editors can concentrate on those big-picture problems at all. Still, when they disagree, they dont rationally debate like humans might. Theyre servants to their code. And their sheer reachcontinuously scanning more than 5 million articles in the English Wikipedia alonemeans they find plenty of problems to correct and potentially disagree on.

And bots do far more than their fair share of work. The number of human editors on the English Wikipedia may dwarf the number of botssome 30,000 active meatspace editors versus about 300 active editors made purely out of codebut the bots are insanely productive contributors. Theyre not even quite visible if you put them on a map among other editors, says the University of Oxfords Taha Yasseri, a co-author of the study. But they do a lot. The proportion of all the edits done by robots in different languages would vary from 10 percent, up to 40 even 50 percent in certain language editions. Yet Wikipedia hasnt descended into a bloody bot battlefield. Thats because humans closely monitor the bots, which do far more good than harm.

But bots inevitably collide, Yasseri contends. For example, the study found that over the course of three years, two bots that monitor for double redirects on Wikipedia had themselves quite the tiff. (A redirect happens when, for instance, a search for UK forwards you to the article for United Kingdom. A double redirect is a redirect that forwards to another redirect, a big Wikipedia no-no.) Across some 1,800 articles, Scepbot reverted RussBots edits a total of 1,031 times, while RussBot returned the favor 906 times. This happens because of discrepancies in naming conventionsRussBot, for instance, made Ricotta al forno redirect to Ricotta cheese, when previously it redirected to Ricotta. Then Scepbot came in and reverted that change.

For its part, Wikipedia disputes that these bots arent really fighting.

If, for example, Scepbot had performed the original double-redirect cleanup and RussBot performed the second double-redirect cleanup, then it would appear that they are reverting each other, says Aaron Halfaker, principal research scientist at the Wikimedia Foundation. But in reality, the bots are collaborating together to keep the redirect graph of the wiki clean.

Were perfectly aware of which bots are running right now. Aaron Halfaker, Wikimedia Foundation

Still, Halfaker acknowledges that bots reverting each other can look like conflict. Say for example you might have an editor that wants to make sure that all the English language lists on Wikipedia use the Oxford comma, and another editor believes that we should not use the Oxford comma. (Full disclosure: This writer believes the Oxford comma is essential and that anyone who doesnt use it is a barbarian.) But Wikipedia has a bot approval process to catch these sorts of things. Were perfectly aware of which bots are running right now, he says.

Also, Wikipedians are at all times monitoring their bots. People often imagine them as fully autonomous Terminator AI that are kind of floating through the Wikipedia ether and making all these autonomous decisions, says R. Stuart Geiger, a UC Berkeley data scientist whos worked with Wikipedia bots. But for the most part a lot of these bots are relatively simple scripts that a human writes.

A human. Always a human. A bot expresses human ingenuity and human mistakes. The bot and its creator are, in an intimate sense, a hybrid organism. Whenever you read about a bot in Wikipedia, think of that as a human, says Geiger. A human whos got a computer that they never turn off, and theyve got a power tool running on that computer that they can tweak the knobs, they can fiddle the words, they can say they want to replace X with Y.

On the all-too-human front, Yasseris study also found cultural differences among the bot communities of different Wikipedia languages. That was really interesting, because this is the same technology being used just in different environments, and being used by different people, says Yasseri. Why should that lead to a big difference? Bots in the German Wikipedia, for instance, argue relatively infrequently, while Portuguese took the prize for most contentious.

Those differences may seem trivial, but such insight has profound implications as AI burrows deeper and deeper into human society. Imagine how a self-driving car thats adapted to the insanity of the German Autobahn might interact with a self-driving car thats adapted to the relative calm of Portugals roadways. The AI inside each has to make nice or risk killing the occupants. So the different ways bots interact on different versions of Wikipedia could foretell how AI-powered machines get alongor dontin the near future.

And imagine that AI elsewhere on the internet like Twitter makes its way into machines. Bots that spew fake news, that imitate Donald Trump, that harass Trump supporters. Unlike the benevolent bots of Wikipedia, these fool humans into thinking theyre actually people. If you think Wikipedia bots squabbling is problematic, imagine machines with heads full of malevolent AI doing battle.

For now, though, the many bots of Wikipedia collaborate, clash, and keep Squidward in his place.

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Internet Bots Fight Each Other Because They're All Too Human - WIRED

I put it to you, Greg, what is the most fascinating page in Wikipedia? If you've ever gone deep down a Wiki rabbit hole, you probably have your own list of weird-crazy-interesting entries under benign headers (and, please, feel free to share in the comments), but here's my vote: "1970 in Aviation," a thrilling day-by-day account of all the aviation happs in 1970. With near daily entries, it's got it all: hijackings, crashes, military deployments in Vietnam, cool airlines you've never heard of (Interflug, for example, the official airline of East Berlin), great quotes, and all the drama and suspense of a season of M*A*S*H.

Here, some high points. Everything in quotes is ripped directly from the page on Wikipedia under the Creative Commons Attribution ShareAlike License, and you can find the full entry right here.

"Fascinated with the kind of communism practiced in Albania under its leader Enver Hoxha, 18-year-old Mariano Ventura Rodriguez pulls out a toy pistol aboard an IberiaConvair CV-240ten minutes before it lands at Zaragoza, Spain, after a domestic flight from Madrid. He demands to be flown to Albania. When the airliner lands at Zaragoza, Spanish soldiers armed with submachine guns surround it. During negotiations between Rodriguez and the police, the local police chief tells him that he will be "shot at dawn" if anything happens to any of the planes passengers or crew, prompting Rodriguez to surrender peacefully soon afterward."

"Anton Funjek, a 41-year-old Yugoslav man on probation for threatening President Richard Nixon, pulls out a knife and grabs a stewardess aboard Delta Air Lines Flight 274, aDouglas DC-9with 65 people aboard flying from Orlando to Jacksonville, Florida, and demands to be flown to Switzerland. The captain makes a deliberately hard landing at Jacksonville International Airport to throw Funjek off balance, and three passengers overpower him when he stumbles."

"To protest an Israeli military operation that resulted in the capture of several Lebanese nationals, Christian Bellon, armed with two handguns and a rifle, hijacks Trans World Airlines Flight 802, aBoeing 707with 20 people on board flying from Paris to Rome, and demands to be flown to Damascus, Syria, spraying the airliners instrument panel with gunfire to emphasize how serious he is. After the airliner lands in Rome to refuel, Bellon changes his mind and demands that the plane fly him to Beirut, Lebanon, instead. When the airliner lands at Beirut International Airport, Bellon surrenders to Lebanese police, who slap him across the face several times."

"Pan American World Airways begins the world's first wide-body airliner service, introducing the firstBoeing 747into service on the New York-London route."

"Flying with his wife, 10-year-old daughter, and eight-year-old son aboard Eastern Airlines Flight 1 aBoeing 727flying from Newark, New Jersey to Miami, Florida, with 104 people on board Daniel Lopez jumps up with a flaming "Molotov cocktail" and a pistol equipped with a crude bayonet when the airliner is 80 miles south of Wilmington, North Carolina, shouts "Viva Cuba!" and demands to be flown to Havana, Cuba. The flight crew agrees to fly him there as long as he extinguishes his Molotov cocktail. Lopez and his family disembark at Havana, and the airliner returns to the United States after about five hours on the ground in Havana. An investigation reveals that Eastern Airlines did not screen any of the passengers boarding the flight."

"United States Air Force BoeingB-52 Stratofortressesattack Laos."

"Trans World Airlines inaugurates scheduled nonstop Boeing 747 service between Los Angeles, California, and New York City, thus becoming the first airline to offer domestic Boeing 747 service in the United States."

"A young husband and wife, Eckhard and Christel Wehage, hijack an InterflugAntonov An-24with 15 other passengers on board during a domestic flight in East Germany from East Berlin to Leipzig, demanding to be flown to Hanover, West Germany. The pilot claims not to have enough fuel to reach Hanover, so the Wehages agree to land at Tempelhof Airport in West Berlin. When the plane lands at Schnefeld Airport in East Berlin instead, the Wehages commit suicide."

"Unable to pay his fare aboard Eastern Air Lines Flight 1340 aDouglas DC-9-31(registration N8925E) with 73 people on board operating a shuttle service from Newark, New Jersey, to Boston, Massachusetts John DiVivo pulls out .38-caliber revolver and orders the pilot to "just fly east until we run out of gas." After about 15 minutes, the captain convinces DiVivo that the airliner will crash into the Atlantic Ocean soon if it does not refuel. Although DiVivo approves a refueling stop, he shoots both pilots when they start to turn the plane. A struggle ensues in the cockpit, during which the mortally wounded copilot knocks the revolver from DiVivos hand and the captain, despite serious wounds in both arms, picks it up and shoots DiVivo in the chest. The captain then lands the DC-9 at Logan International Airport in Boston, where DiVivo is arrested. The copilot is the first pilot killed in a U.S. hijacking. DiVivohangs himself in his jail cell on October 31."

"A United States NavyF-4J Phantom IIfighter of Fighter Squadron 142 (VF-142) shoots down a North VietnameseMiG-21fighter. It is the only American air-to-air kill in the Vietnam War between September 1968 and January 1971."

"Twenty-six-year-old Ira David "Orrie" Meeks and his 17-year-old girlfriend hire pilot Boyce Stradley to take them on a sightseeing flight in aCessna 172over Gastonia, North Carolina, during which Meeks pulls a gun on Stradley and orders him to fly them to Cuba so that Meeks can "get away from racism in the United States." During the 11-hour trip to Havana, Cuba, the plane makes refueling stops at Rock Hill, South Carolina, Jacksonville, Florida (where Meeks requests but is denied a bottle of Scotch whisky, and Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Upon arrival in Cuba, Meeks and his girlfriend are arrested, and Stradley flies back to a heros welcome in Gastonia."

"A man without a ticket boards an Ansett Australia Douglas DC-9-31 at Kingsford Smith Airport in Sydney, Australia, as it prepares for a domestic flight to Brisbane, brandishes a revolver, and demands that the airliner fly him out of Sydney. After talking to aclergyman, he surrenders, and his revolver turns out to be a toy gun."

"The Tupolev Tu-144 becomes the first commercial transport to reach Mach 2."

"Operation Menu, the 14-month-long covert American bombing campaign by B-52 Stratofortresses against North Vietnamese Army sanctuaries in Cambodia, comes to an end. The B-52s have flown 3,800 sorties and dropped 108,823 tons (98,723,578 kg) of munitions during the campaign."

"Angry over the refusal of the United States Supreme Court to hear his case in a dispute with the U.S. Internal Revenue Service which had begun in 1963, Arthur Gates Barkley walks into the cockpit of Trans World Airlines (TWA) Flight 486 a Boeing 727 flying from Phoenix, Arizona, to Washington National Airport in Arlingtnn, Virginia armed with a .22-caliber pistol, a straight razor, and a can of gasoline (petrol), and threatens to set the plane and its passengers on fire if $100 million is not taken from the Supreme Courts budget and given to him, the first time that an American airline hijacker has demanded a ransom. He forces the airliner to land at Washington Dulles International Airport in Virginia, where TWA gives him $100,750 in the hope that he will accept the smaller amount. Enraged at the small amount, Barkley orders the plane to take off and sends a message of complaint addressed directly to President Richard Nixon. During the next two hours, while the plane circles the airport, Barkley makes numerous suicidal threats, and TWA turns the matter over to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), which talks Barkley into returning to the airport to collect the rest of his ransom. When the plane lands, Barkley finds the runway lined with 100 sacks supposedly containing $1 million each but actually containing scraps of paper, and an FBI sniper shoots out the planes landing gear. A panicked passenger opens an emergency exit, and the rest of the passengers follow him out of the plane while FBI agents storm it, engage in a gun battle with Barkley in which Barkley and the copilot are wounded, and arrest Barkley."

"The commander of the U.S. Air Force's Military Airlift Command, General Jack J. Catton, accepts the first operationalLockheed C-5 Galaxyinto service. The C-5 is the largest airplane in the world at the time."

"Trans World Airlines becomes the first airline to offer a no-smoking section aboard every aircraft in its fleet."

"While landing, Air Canada Flight 621, aDouglas DC-8-63, hits the runway at Toronto International Airport in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, with such force that its number four engine and pylon break off the right wing. The pilot manages to lift off again for a go around, but a series of explosions in the right wing break off the number three engine and pylon and then destroy most of the wing before the pilot can make a second landing attempt. The plane crashes in Brampton, Ontario, killing all 109 people on board."

"Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport commences passenger screening to help prevent hijackings, the first airport to do so."

"The Egyptian Air Force loses five MiG fighters and their pilots in a single day of combat with the Israeli Air Force."

"Thefirst hijacking of a Boeing 747 takes place when 27-year old Puerto Rican nationalist Rodolfo Rivera Rios passes through a metal detector that Pan American World Airways personnel are not monitoring and boards Pan American Flight 299, a Boeing 747-121 (registration N736PA) flying from John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City to San Juan, Puerto Rico, with 379 people on board. During the flight, he pulls out a .32-caliber pistol, a switchblade, and a bottle he claims contains nitroglycerine, demanding to be flown to Havana, Cuba. Awakened at dawn by the airliner circling Havana at an altitude of 2,000 feet (610 meters) while awaiting air traffic control instructions, President of Cuba Fidel Castro rushes to the airport to inspect the 747 which at the time was still a novelty but he declines an invitation to come aboard the plane, saying he does not want to ""disturb the passengers." Imprisoned in Cuba until 1977, Rios returns to the United States in 1978 and is imprisoned for life."

"Two U.S. Air ForceSikorsky HH-53CSea Stallion helicopters complete a nine-day, seven-stop flight of 9,000 miles (14,493 km) from Eglin Air Force Base, Florida, to Da Nang, South Vietnam. The trip has included the first transpacific flight by helicopters, a 1,700-mile (2,738-km) non-stop segment on August 22 from Shemya Island in the Aleutian Islands to Misawa Air Base, Japan, with in-flight refuelling by HC-130 Hercules tanker aircraft."

"Members of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) hijack three airliners bound for New York City. The hijackings of Trans World Airlines Flight 741 a Boeing 707 flying from Frankfurt-am-Main, West Germany, with 155 people on board including Rabbi Yitzchok Hutner and Swissair Flight 100 a Douglas DC-8 with 155 passengers on board flying from Zrich-Kloten Airport in Switzerland proceed without injury to anyone, and the airliners are flown to Dawsons Field, an abandoned former Royal Air Force airstrip in a remote desert area of Jordan near Zarka. The hijacking of El Al Flight 219, a Boeing 707 with 158 people on board, fails when hijacker Patrick Argello is shot and killed after injuring one crew member and his partner Leila Khaled is subdued and turned over to British authorities in London; two other PFLP members prevented from boarding El Al Flight 219 instead hijack Pan American World Airways Flight 93, a Boeing 747 flying from Brussels, Belgium, and Amsterdam, the Netherlands, with 153 people on board, which they force to fly to Beirut, Lebanon, and then on to Cairo, Egypt."

"While a Trans International Airlines Douglas DC-8 (registration N8963T) taxis at John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York City for a ferry flight to Washington Dulles International Airport in Fairfax County, Virginia, with eight flight attendants and three cockpit crew members on board, aforeign object becomes wedged between the right elevator and horizontal stabilizer, blown there by backwash from the aircraft preceding it on the taxiway. The problem is not detected, and the aircraftcrashes upon takeoff, killing all 11 people on board; it is Trans International's only fatal accident. The accident prompts the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration to institute new minimum distances between aircraft in line-up for take-off."

"U.S. President Richard Nixon orders the immediate deployment of armed federal agents aboard U.S. commercial aircraft to combat hijackings."

"American stock car racing driver Curtis Turner is one of two people killed when theAero Commander 500he is piloting crashes near Mahaffey, Pennsylvania."

"The U.S. Air Force completes Operation Fig Hill, an airlift begun on September 27 to bring medical personnel, equipment, and supplies to Jordan in the aftermath of combat between the country's armed forces and the Palestine Liberation Organization. During the airlift, transport aircraft have delivered 200 medical personnel, two field hospitals, and 186 short tons (169 metric tons) of supplies, equipment, vehicles, tents, and food."

"American aircraft begin the first major bombing campaign over North Vietnam since 1968, as 300 aircraft attack the Mu Gia and Ban Gari passes."

"The Hague Hijacking Convention, formally the "Convention for the Suppression of Unlawful Seizure of Aircraft," is adopted by the International Conference on Air Law at The Hague in the Netherlands. It requires signatory countries to prohibit and punish the hijacking of civilian aircraft in situations in which an aircraft takes off or lands in a place different from its country of registration. It also establishes the principle of aut dedere aut judicare, which holds that a party to the convention must prosecute an aircraft hijacker if no other state requests his or her extradition for prosecution of the same crime. It will go into effect on October 14, 1971."

"As Continental Airlines Flight 144 a Douglas DC-9 with 30 people on board making a flight from Denver, Colorado, to Wichita, Kansas is flying somewhere between Tulsa, Oklahoma, and Wichita, passenger Calos Denis passes a note to a stewardess indicating that he has a gun and wants to be flown to Cuba. When the captain asks if the passengers can disembark during a refueling stop at Tulsa, Denis agrees. After the other 26 passengers disembark at Tulsa International Airport, the crew sneaks off the plane while Denis uses the lavatory. Tulsa police then board the airliner, find Denis hiding in the lavatory, and arrest him. He turns out to be unarmed."

"With pre-tax losses of $130 million, the year ends as the worst ever for U.S. airlines."

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Is '1970 in Aviation' the Most Fascinating Page on Wikipedia? - The Drive

A.V. Club

The Great Wikipedia Debate About Garfield's Gender That You Didn't Know Existed Is Finally Over UPROXX Wrong, says Internet satirist and Chapo Trap House podcast member Virgil Texas, who initiated an editing war behind the scenes of Wikipedia's Garfield entry. According to the Washington Post, the fuss all began when Texas referenced a two-year-old ... A war has been waged over whether or not Garfield is maleA.V. Club Congress Has Entered the War Over Garfield's GenderNew York Magazine all 5 news articles »

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The Great Wikipedia Debate About Garfield's Gender That You Didn't Know Existed Is Finally Over - UPROXX

Why it matters to you

Mobile phone users in Iraq overwhelmingly lack the means to pay for expensive data plans, but a new partnership will give millions of them free access to Wikipedia.

Wikimedias not just the editorial muscle behind the worlds largest crowdsourced encyclopedia if todays announcement is any indication, its quite the philanthropic enterprise. On Tuesday, Wikipedia members in Iraq, the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation, and Asiacell, one of Iraqs largest mobile operators, announced a partnership thatwill see access to Wikipedia provided free of charge to Asiacells 11 million Iraqi customers.

Its part of Wikimedias ongoing Zero effort, which seeks to provide Wikipedia free of charge on mobile phones. The program, which was launched in 2013, waives fees for subscribers of participating mobile operators so that they may read and edit Wikipedia without using any of their mobile data. Its been deployed in Malaysia, Kenya, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Jordan, Kosovo, Nepal, Nigeria, Ghana, Myanmar, Angola, and Algeria, and collectively spans 68 mobile operators in 52 countries.

More: The visually impaired may soon have an audio version of Wikipedia

Its aimed at addressing what the Wikipedia Foundation claims is one of the greatest barriers to internet access globally: Affordability. An estimated 57 percent of the world cant afford a 500MB monthly data plan at current prices. Ina recent Wikipedia Foundation survey, a majority of participants in Iraq reported that mobile data costs limited their use of the internet.

The Asiacell effort was spearheaded by Sarmad Al Taie, an Asiacell employee and Iraqi volunteer Wikipedia editor. In 2015, Sarmad and his wife, Ravan Al Taie, organized workshops in Erbil, the capital city of Iraqi Kurdistan, to teach people in Iraq how to edit Wikipedia. Later that year, the burgeoning community launched Iraqi Wikimedians user group, the first Wikimedia affiliate group recognized by Wikipedias broader global community of editors.

Worldwide, Wikipedia is recognized as an important learning resource, but it also offers a platform toshare knowledge with the world, a company spokesperson said. Edits from any country contribute to the worlds common knowledge repository, seen by hundreds of millions of people every month [] With this partnership, Asiacell customers will be able to edit Wikipedia without mobile data charges adding to and improving articles in their preferred language and sharing knowledge of Iraqs rich cultural history, heritage, and its people with the rest of the world

More: Beneath every presidential candidates Wikipedia page lies a vicious tug-of-war

News of Wikipedia Zeros expansion comes on the heels of the Wikimedia Foundations accessibility efforts. In May 2016, the nonprofit embarked on a joint project with the KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Sweden that adds text-to-speech synthesis for certain parts of article entries, allowing them to be read aloud. Its slated to be off the ground by 2017, at which time English, Swedish, and Arabic speakers will be able to hear as well as read Wikipedia posts.

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Asiacell Grants 11M Iraqi Subscribers Access to Wikipedia | Digital ... - Digital Trends

The youth component of Russias parliament has come up with a new initiative to improve Russias image online by submittingthousands of articles to Wikipedia that carry full and truthful information about the achievements and exploits of the Russian people. The Youth Parliament of the Russian Federation State Assembly announced the Virtual Front campaignbecause Wikipedia carriesdestructive and falsified information about Russia.

The chairman of the Youth Parliament, State Duma deputy Natalia Kuvshinova said at a recentpress conferencein Moscow thatthe campaign was not only meant to produce10,000 articles, but to also raise Russians awareness about unreliable information on the internet and social networks.

The project would help clean dirt from the media, saidDeputy General Viktor Vodolatsky.

The Youth Parliament was created to promote legislative regulation of the rights and interests of Russian youth in the State Duma, and has organized other patriotic campaigns in the past.

The coordinator of the initiative Kseniya Selezneva, told Vocativ that they want to highlight Russian achievements in history and write about heroes of the Great Patriotic War [Russians term for World War II]. According to their Vkontakte page, they want to write not only about historybut also about modernRussian heroes. She said the project was being carried out by volunteers and their enthusiasm.

According to Wikipedia statistics, there are currently over 1.3 million in the Russian language compared to some 5.3 million in English.

This isnt the first Russian project aimed at improving Russias online image. Last week, Maria Zakharova, spokeswoman for Ministry of ForeignAffairs saidthe Ministry would begin collecting fake news of leading western media. Her comments were followed by remarks fromDefense Minister Sergei Shoigu, who recentlysaidRussia has created an information warfare directorate within the defense ministry toengage in counterpropaganda.

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Russians Want To Make Wikipedia More 'Truthful' And Patriotic - Vocativ