Mike Portnoy - Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction?
If you #39;re new, Subscribe! http://bit.ly/subscribe-loudwire Legendary drummer Mike Portnoy sits down with Graham #39;Gruhamed #39; Hartmann for a round of #39;Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction? #39;. Go here...
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Mike Portnoy - Wikipedia: Fact or Fiction? - Video
Hydrostatics is the branch of fluid mechanics that studies incompressible fluids at rest. It embraces the study of the conditions under which fluids are at rest in stable equilibrium; and is contrasted with fluid dynamics, the study of fluids in motion. Hydrostatics are categorized as a part of the fluid statics, which is the study of all fluids, incompressible or not, at rest.
Hydrostatics is fundamental to hydraulics, the engineering of equipment for storing, transporting and using fluids. It is also relevant to geophysics and astrophysics (for example, in understanding plate tectonics and the anomalies of the Earth's gravitational field), to meteorology, to medicine (in the context of blood pressure), and many other fields.
Hydrostatics offers physical explanations for many phenomena of everyday life, such as why atmospheric pressure changes with altitude, why wood and oil float on water, and why the surface of water is always flat and horizontal whatever the shape of its container.
Some principles of hydrostatics have been known in an empirical and intuitive sense since antiquity, by the builders of boats, cisterns, aqueducts and fountains. Archimedes is credited with the discovery of the mathematical law that bears his name, that relates the buoyancy force to the volume and density of the displaced fluid. The Roman engineer Vitruvius warned readers about lead pipes bursting under hydrostatic pressure[1]
The concept of pressure and the way it is transmitted by fluids were formulated by the French mathematician and philosopher Blaise Pascal in 1647.
Due to the fundamental nature of fluids, a fluid cannot remain at rest under the presence of a shear stress. However, fluids can exert pressure normal to any contacting surface. If a point in the fluid is thought of as an infinitesimally small cube, then it follows from the principles of equilibrium that the pressure on every side of this unit of fluid must be equal. If this were not the case, the fluid would move in the direction of the resulting force. Thus, the pressure on a fluid at rest is isotropic; i.e., it acts with equal magnitude in all directions. This characteristic allows fluids to transmit force through the length of pipes or tubes; i.e., a force applied to a fluid in a pipe is transmitted, via the fluid, to the other end of the pipe. This principle was first formulated, in a slightly extended form, by Blaise Pascal, and is now called Pascal's law.
In a fluid at rest, all frictional stresses vanish and the state of stress of the system is called hydrostatic. When this condition of (V=0) is applied to the Navier-Stokes equation, the gradient of pressure becomes a function of body forces only. For a Barotropic fluid in a conservative force field like a gravitational force field, pressure exerted by a fluid at equilibrium becomes a function of force exerted by gravity.
The hydrostatic pressure can be determined from a control volume analysis of an infinitesimally small cube of fluid. Since pressure is defined as the force exerted on a test area (p = F/A, with p: pressure, F: force normal to area A, A: area), and the only force acting on any such small cube of fluid is the weight of the fluid column above it, hydrostatic pressure can be calculated according to the following formula:
where:
For water and other liquids, this integral can be simplified significantly for many practical applications, based on the following two assumptions: Since many liquids can be considered incompressible, a reasonably good estimation can be made from assuming a constant density throughout the liquid. (The same assumption cannot be made within a gaseous environment.) Also, since the height h of the fluid column between z and z0 is often reasonably small compared to the radius of the Earth, one can neglect the variation of g. Under these circumstances, the integral boils down to the simple formula:
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Hydrostatics - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Get to knowWikipedia on "60 Minutes" this weekend.
Morley Safer and the CBS news magazine look at the online encyclopedia and the people behind it.
Founder Jimmy Wales acknowledges some errors but stresses that helping people is the priority for Wikipedia, which operates on donations.
"If we were ad supported, we would always be thinking these people reading about Elizabethan poetry. There's nothing to sell them, Wales says of the not-for-profit enterprise. "Let's try to get them to read about hotels in Las Vegas and we don't. We just don't care."
Wales tells "60 Minutes" he would rather do good than do well. "It just felt right that we should be a charity, free knowledge for everyone," he tells Safer. "That's always been our philosophy."
The report airs at 7 p.m. Sunday on WKMG-Channel 6.
Wikipedians explains their devotion to the information supplied.
"I do the editing because I love it. ... You have the satisfaction of feeling like you have participated in something," says Amanda Levandowski, a law school graduate. "You have the opportunity to help other people find information about stuff you're into."
The CBS news magazine highlights some astounding figures: 12,000 pages of Wikipedia are created each day. And 35 million articles are in 288 languages.
The news magazine visits a Wikimania conference in London, attended by more than 2,000. Safer also interviews Sue Gardner, the website's former No. 2 Wikipedian.
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Wikipedia opens up on '60 Minutes'
The Washington Post
French politicianValrie Boyer and her staffseem to like Wikipedia too much, maybe. Their admiration for the online encyclopedia will now beforever documentedin governmental transcripts, after the opposition politicianpresenteda draft law which was allegedly copied from the platformin large part. She and her assistants didn't even remove Wikipedia's footnotes, according to French newspaperLe Figaro.
On Tuesday, French media outlets exposed the plagiarism when they analyzed the law proposal which argues that France should recognize the Armeniangenocideduring the World War I under the Ottoman Empire.
As WorldViews reported earlier,in the final days of theOttoman Empire, hundreds of thousands of ethnic Armenianswere killed. Armenians argue that the killings were committed by Turkishsoldiers, butTurkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoganhas refused to acknowledge the historical guilt.
Speaking to Le Nouvel Observateur'sRue 89, anunnamed assistant toBoyer confirmed the allegations: "There are only few information on this subject, so the MP decided to overtake some wordingsfrom Wikipedia." The assistant was also quoted as saying that the copied sentenceshad been fact-checked before being published.
Boyer is considered an expert onthe topic among French politicians an aspect which has raised larger questions over how much politicians really know about the goalsthey pursue.
This tweet, published by an Armenian organization last month, appears to showthe MP during a commemoration of the killingsin Marseille in the south of France.
"In their haste, the delegates did not even takethe time to erase the traces of their iniquities. In their reckless and rude act of plagiarism they even copied the links leading to the original sources of the encyclopedia," France's leadingcenter-leftLe Mondenewspapercommented.
The incident has certainly shed an uncomfortable light on the conservative UMP opposition party, headed by former president Nicolas Sarkozy. The party had recently been shaken by a series of scandals and internal squabbles.
Sarkozy himself acknowledged in a recent interview with Le Figarothat his party's "brand is a little worn off." Last month, however, theUMP party made unexpected gains in local elections and can now even hope to winthe 2017 presidential elections.
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French lawmaker mocked after draft law copied and pasted from Wikipedia
The key to massaging your own Wikipedia profile is not getting caught. But Kazakhstans efforts to turn the freely editable online encyclopedia into free advertising are yet again in the spotlight. On March 20, Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales hosted an Ask Me Anything conversation (AMA) on Reddit, a social-networking platform. Before long the audience was questioning Waless and Wikipedias roles in helping to improve Kazakhstans image. Back in 2011, Wales awarded a once-and-future Kazakh government employee, Rauan Kenzhekhanuly, the inaugural Wikipedian of the Year for his work with WikiBilim, a Kazakh-language platform criticized both for receiving state funds and for publishing multiple articles toeing the authoritarian governments line. At the time, Wales told EurasiaNet.org, As far as I know, the WikiBilim organization is not politicized. But during the AMA, Wales backpedaled on his decision to name Kenzhekhanuly the first Wikipedian of the Year. Wales was on the receiving end of a fresh round of criticism last year when Kenzhekhanuly was named deputy governor of Kazakhstans Kyzylorda region. During the AMA, a commenter asked Wales if he would have bestowed the award had he known Kenzhekhanuly would go on to serve as deputy governor. If I had known in 2011 that someone would get a job that I disapprove of in 2014, would I refuse to give them an award in 2011? Wales responded. Yes, I would have refused to give that award. Wales also clarified that Kenzhekhanuly was not a government official at the time of the award which is, technically, true. However, according to Kenzhekhanulys LinkedIn profile, before receiving the award he had served both as a policy adviser to the governor in Kazakhstans Mangystau region, as well as first secretary at Kazakhstans embassy in Moscow. After the AMA, Wales said by email that he was not aware Kenzhekhanuly had held those positions. Wales's opinions about Kazakhstan have appeared to change dramatically in the four years since he awarded Kenzhekhanuly his inaugural prize. During the AMA, he even blasted former British Prime Minister Tony Blair a man the Telegraph has described as a friend for taking millions of dollars a year to shill for Kazakhstans strongman president, Nursultan Nazarbayev. Jack Straw and Tony Blair absolutely should be slammed for taking money from Kazakhstan. I condemn it without reservation, Wales said. Straw, the former British Home Secretary, recently became a paid adviser to the Eurasian Council on Foreign Affairs, an Astana-funded think-tank where none other than Kenzhekhanuly was founding director. With his comments, Wales is not only distancing himself and Wikipedia from Kazakhstan, but also calling out some of the biggest names attached to Astanas efforts at whitewashing its image. Those bankrolling the PR machine must wonder if all this attention is worth it.
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Wikipedia Founder Distances Himself from Kazakhstan PR Machine