Gamergate Winning Wikipedia (Update)
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Formal Dance
Formal Dance . . . . . . Ball (dance party) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_(dance_party) A ball is a formal dance party. Attenders wear evening attire, which...
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Maya Angelou
Angelou reciting her poem "On the Pulse of Morning", at President Bill Clinton's inauguration, January 1993
Maya Angelou (i/ /;[1][2] born Marguerite Annie Johnson; April 4, 1928 May 28, 2014) was an American author, poet, dancer, actress, and singer. She published seven autobiographies, three books of essays, and several books of poetry, and was credited with a list of plays, movies, and television shows spanning over 50 years. She received dozens of awards and more than 50 honorary degrees.[3] Angelou is best known for her series of seven autobiographies, which focus on her childhood and early adult experiences. The first, I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings (1969), tells of her life up to the age of 17 and brought her international recognition and acclaim.
She became a poet and writer after a series of occupations as a young adult, including fry cook, prostitute, nightclub dancer and performer, cast member of the opera Porgy and Bess, coordinator for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and journalist in Egypt and Ghana during the decolonization of Africa. She was an actor, writer, director, and producer of plays, movies, and public television programs. In 1982, she earned the first lifetime Reynolds Professorship of American Studies at Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. She was active in the Civil Rights movement, and worked with Martin Luther King, Jr. and Malcolm X. Beginning in the 1990s, she made around 80 appearances a year on the lecture circuit, something she continued into her eighties. In 1993, Angelou recited her poem "On the Pulse of Morning" (1993) at President Bill Clinton's inauguration, making her the first poet to make an inaugural recitation since Robert Frost at President John F. Kennedy's inauguration in 1961.
With the publication of I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, Angelou publicly discussed aspects of her personal life. She was respected as a spokesperson for black people and women, and her works have been considered a defense of Black culture. Attempts have been made to ban her books from some U.S. libraries, but her works are widely used in schools and universities worldwide. Angelou's major works have been labeled as autobiographical fiction, but many critics have characterized them as autobiographies. She made a deliberate attempt to challenge the common structure of the autobiography by critiquing, changing, and expanding the genre. Her books center on themes such as racism, identity, family, and travel.
Marguerite Annie Johnson[4] was born in St. Louis, Missouri, on April 4, 1928, the second child of Bailey Johnson, a doorman and a navy dietitian, and Vivian (Baxter) Johnson, a nurse and card dealer.[5][note 1] Angelou's older brother, Bailey Jr., nicknamed Marguerite "Maya", derived from "My" or "Mya Sister".[6] When Angelou was three and her brother four, their parents' "calamitous marriage"[7] ended, and their father sent them to Stamps, Arkansas, alone by train, to live with their paternal grandmother, Annie Henderson. In "an astonishing exception"[8] to the harsh economics of African Americans of the time, Angelou's grandmother prospered financially during the Great Depression and World War II because the general store she owned sold needed basic commodities and because "she made wise and honest investments".[5][note 2]
Reviewer John McWhorter, The New Republic (McWhorter, p. 36)
To know her life story is to simultaneously wonder what on earth you have been doing with your own life and feel glad that you didn't have to go through half the things she has.
Four years later, the children's father "came to Stamps without warning"[11] and returned them to their mother's care in St. Louis. At the age of eight, while living with her mother, Angelou was sexually abused and raped by her mother's boyfriend, a man named Freeman. She told her brother, who told the rest of their family. Freeman was found guilty but was jailed for only one day. Four days after his release, he was murdered, probably by Angelou's uncles.[12] Angelou became mute for almost five years,[13] believing, as she stated, "I thought, my voice killed him; I killed that man, because I told his name. And then I thought I would never speak again, because my voice would kill anyone..."[14] According to Marcia Ann Gillespie and her colleagues, who wrote a biography about Angelou, it was during this period of silence when Angelou developed her extraordinary memory, her love for books and literature, and her ability to listen and observe the world around her.[15]
Shortly after Freeman's murder, Angelou and her brother were sent back to their grandmother.[16] Angelou credits a teacher and friend of her family, Mrs. Bertha Flowers, with helping her speak again. Flowers introduced her to authors such as Charles Dickens, William Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, Douglas Johnson, and James Weldon Johnson, authors who would affect her life and career, as well as black female artists like Frances Harper, Anne Spencer, and Jessie Fauset.[17][18][19]
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Maya Angelou - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
"Racing cars" redirects here. For the Welsh pop band, see Racing Cars. "Race driver" redirects here. For the racing simulation video game series, see TOCA Race Driver.
Auto racing (also known as car racing, motor racing[1] or automobile racing) is a sport involving the racing of automobiles for competition. The main aim of an individual event is to set the fastest time in a set number of laps or time limit. The finishing order is determined by race time, with the fastest time in first place, second-fastest in second place and so on. Any driver failing to complete a race for any reason is deemed 'retired', or more commonly 'out'. Retired drivers will have their positions determined by the order in which those retired, with the first to retire finishing last, the next second-last and so on. In most events a driver may be classified their final race position if he/she completes a certain amount of the race distance, usually just short of completing the full race (for example, in Formula 1, a driver's race position is classified if he/she completes 90% of the full race distance). There are numerous different categories of auto racing, each with different rules and regulations, such as compulsory pit stops and car regulations, for all cars and drivers to comply.
Auto racing events began soon after the construction of the first successful gasoline-fueled automobiles. The first organized contest was on April 28, 1887, by the chief editor of Paris publication Le Vlocipde, Monsieur Fossier.[2] It ran 2 kilometres (1.2mi) from Neuilly Bridge to the Bois de Boulogne. It was won by Georges Bouton of the De Dion-Bouton Company, in a car he had constructed with Albert, the Comte de Dion, but as he was the only competitor to show up it is rather difficult to call it a race.[2]
Another solo event occurred in 1891 when Auguste Doriot and Louis Rigoulot of Peugeot drove their gasoline-fueled Type 3 Quadricycle in the bicycle race from ParisBrestParis. By the time they reached Brest, the winning cyclist Charles Terront was already back in Paris. In order to publicly prove the reliability and performance of the 'Quadricycle' Armand Peugeot had persuaded the organiser, Pierre Giffard of Le Petit Journal, to use his network of monitors and marshalls to vouchsafe and report the vehicle's performance. The intended distance of 1200km had never been achieved by a motorised vehicle, it being about three times further than the record set by Leon Serpollet from Paris to Lyon.[3][4]
On July 22,[5] 1894, the Parisian magazine Le Petit Journal organized what is considered to be the world's first motoring competition from Paris to Rouen.[2] Sporting events were a tried and tested form of publicity stunt and circulation booster. Pierre Giffard, the paper's editor, promoted it as a Competition for Horseless Carriages (Concours des Voitures sans Chevaux) that were not dangerous, easy to drive, and cheap during the journey. Thus it blurred the distinctions between a reliability trial, a general event, and a race. One hundred and two competitors paid 10 francs entrance fee.[2]
Sixty-nine cars started the 50km (31mi) selection event that would show which entrants would be allowed to start the main event, the 127km (79mi) race from Paris to Rouen. The entrants ranged from serious manufacturers like Peugeot, Panhard, or De Dion to amateur owners; only 25 were selected for the main race.[2]
The race started from Porte Maillot and went through the Bois de Boulogne. Count Jules-Albert de Dion was first into Rouen after 6 hours and 48minutes at an average speed of 19km/h. He finished 3'30" ahead of Albert Lematre (Peugeot), followed by Auguste Doriot (Peugeot) at 16'30", Ren Panhard (Panhard) at 33'30" and mile Levassor (Panhard) at 55'30". The official winners were Peugeot and Panhard as cars were judged on their speed, handling and safety characteristics. De Dion's steam car needed a stoker which was forbidden.[2]
The ParisBordeauxParis race of June 1895 has sometimes been described as the "first motor race", despite the 1894 event being decided by speed and finishing order of the eligible racers.[dubious discuss][6] The first to arrive was mile Levassor in his Panhard-Levassor 1205cc model. He completed the course (1,178km or 732miles) in 48 hours and 47minutes, finishing nearly six hours before the runner-up. The official winner was Paul Koechlin in a Peugeot.[7] Nine of twenty-two starters finished the course.[6]
The first American automobile race is generally held to be the Thanksgiving Day Chicago Times-Herald race of November 28, 1895.[8] Press coverage of the event first aroused significant American interest in the automobile.[8] The 54.36-mile (87.48km) course ran from the South side of the city, north along the lakefront to Evanston, Illinois, and back again. Frank Duryea won the race in 10 hours and 23 minutes, beating the other five entrants.[9]
The first regular auto racing venue was Nice, France, run in late March 1897, as a "Speed Week."[citation needed] To fill out the schedule, most types of racing events were invented here, including the first hill climb (Nice La Turbie) and a sprint that was, in spirit, the first drag race.
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Auto racing - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Wikipedia edit-a-thon is designed to help improve and expand articles about Ireland and the first World War. Photograph: Getty
Have you ever wondered how you could contribute to Wikipedia?
The National Museum of Ireland is running a seminar tomorrow hosted by Wikimedia Community Ireland about creating and editing Wikipedia pages.
The event at Collins Barracks is to help improve and expand articles about Ireland and the first World War emphasising the inclusion of content from the new exhibition in Collins Barracks - Recovered Voices which covers the first two years of the war, 1914 and 1915.
Though as many as 250,000 Irish people fought in the first World War and 35,000 were killed, information about the vast majority of them is scant.
It is hoped volunteers will add to the store of knowledge we have about Irish involvement in the war. But the seminar is also for anyone who wants to contribute to Wikipedia.
The event will take place in the Palatine Room, with further details on the event page on Eventbrite, Facebook and Wikipedia.
Shannon Eichelberger of Wikimedia Community Ireland said an edit-a-thon is an important tool for Wikipedia.
She added: It creates a safe environment for new users to start editing and helps to build relationships between Wikipedia and other organisations. One of the more important aspects of an edit-a-thon is that it allows for events targeted towards filling specific gaps in Wikipedia.
Irish historical figures and events, and specifically places within the Irish landscape associated with WWI, are widely omitted from Wikipedia. Events like this will help to create more expansive articles about these important subjects, creating a comprehensive historical and archival resource for the future.
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Wikipedia editing class to build knowledge of Irish role in WWI