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January 13, 2015 - 17:30 AMT

PanARMENIAN.Net - Wikimedia Armenia Scientific-Educational NGO organized a Winter Wiki Camp for young people aged 14-20 in the in Aghveran resort town on Jan 7-11, with VivaCell-MTS providing high-quality internet connection for the gathering.

On Jan 10, the participants of Winter Wiki Camp boosted the Armenian Wikipedia from the 42nd to the 41st place in global ranking.

Wikipedia is a multilingual encyclopedia with free content that is created by the users of the Wikipedia website in free editing format. Wikipedia and its sister projects are among the top five of the websites which offer free content.

Millions of people around the world use Wikipedia every day; hundreds of thousands of people from every corner of the world are volunteer editors of Wikipedia. Wikipedia is one of the best platforms for creating free high-quality educational materials and presenting ones country in all its diversity to the rest of the world. This is the reason why using and adding materials to Wikipedia has become an important tool for spreading the knowledge of our national identity and preserving our mother tongue.

Wikipedia and Wiki projects are a mandatory part of the school and university curriculum in a number of developed countries. As this attitude has not been formed in Armenia yet, Wikimedia Armenia Scientific-Educational NGO organizes various Wiki events which are aimed at spreading the culture of creating high-quality free content by widening the army of Wikipedia editors, teaching Wikipedia tools and enrooting the Wiki ideas among the school students.

In 2014, Wikipedia Armenia organized a Wiki camp in Vanadzor which surpassed all Wiki projects with its effectiveness and was recognized as the best Wikimedia project in the annual Wikimania conference held in London.

In 2015, Wikipedia Armenia plans to organize 4 Wiki camps, two of which in international format.

Participants of the Winter Wiki camp 2015 were schoolchildren of 14-20. The participation fee was provided by their parents and active Wikipedia editors. During the camp the young people added materials to the Wiktionary, Wikidata, Wikipedia, learned Armenian songs and took part in intellectual games.

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Armenian resort town hosts Winter Wiki Camp

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In the context of biology, poisons are substances that cause disturbances to organisms, usually by chemical reaction or other activity on the molecular scale, when a sufficient quantity is absorbed by an organism.[1][2] The fields of medicine (particularly veterinary) and zoology often distinguish a poison from a toxin, and from a venom. Toxins are poisons produced by some biological function in nature, and venoms are usually defined as toxins that are injected by a bite or sting to cause their effect, while other poisons are generally defined as substances absorbed through epithelial linings such as the skin or gut.

Poisons are most often applied in industry, agriculture and other uses for other reasons than their toxicity. Pesticides are one application where they are indeed used for their toxicity.

The term "poison" is often used colloquially to describe any harmful substance, particularly corrosive substances, carcinogens, mutagens, teratogens and harmful pollutants, and to exaggerate the dangers of chemicals. Paracelsus (1493-1541), the father of toxicology, once wrote: "Everything is poison, there is poison in everything. Only the dose makes a thing not a poison"[3] (see median lethal dose). The law defines "poison" more strictly. Substances that are not legally required to carry the label "poison" can also cause a medical condition of poisoning.

Some poisons are also toxins, usually referring to naturally produced substances, such as the bacterial proteins that cause tetanus and botulism. A distinction between the two terms is not always observed, even among scientists. The derivative forms "toxic" and "poisonous" are synonymous.

Animal poisons that are delivered subcutaneously (e.g. by sting or bite) are also called venom. In normal usage, a poisonous organism is one that is harmful to consume, but a venomous organism uses poison (venom) to kill its prey or defend itself while still alive. A single organism can be both poisonous and venomous.

In nuclear physics, a poison is a substance that obstructs or inhibits a nuclear reaction. For an example, see nuclear poison.

Environmentally hazardous substances are not necessarily poisons and vice versa. For example, food-industry wastewaterwhich may contain potato juice or milkcan be hazardous to the ecosystems of streams and rivers by consuming oxygen and causing eutrophication, but is nonhazardous to humans and not classified as a poison.

Biologically speaking, any substance, if given in large enough amounts, is poisonous and can cause death. For instance, several kilograms worth of water would constitute a lethal dose. Many substances used as medications - such as fentanyl - have an LD50 only one order of magnitude greater than the ED50. An alternative classification would distinguish between lethal substances that provide a therapeutic value and those that do not.

Aute poisoning is exposure to a poison on one occasion or during a short period of time. Symptoms develop in close relation to the exposure. Absorption of a poison is necessary for systemic poisoning. In contrast, substances that destroy tissue but do not absorb, such as lye, are classified as corrosives rather than poisons. Furthermore, many common household medications are not labeled with skull and crossbones, although they can cause severe illness or even death. In the medical sense, poisoning can be caused by less dangerous substances than those receiving the legal classification of "poison".

Chronic poisoning is long-term repeated or continuous exposure to a poison where symptoms do not occur immediately or after each exposure. The patient gradually becomes ill, or becomes ill after a long latent period. Chronic poisoning most commonly occurs following exposure to poisons that bioaccumulate, or are biomagnified, such as mercury and lead.

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Poison - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia