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El Paso librarian takes love of knowledge to Wikipedia - El Paso Inc.

Pew Research Center conducted the analysis to examine how often online content that once existed becomes inaccessible. One part of the study looks at a representative sample of webpages that existed over the past decade to see how many are still accessible today. For this analysis, we collected a sample of pages from the Common Crawl web repository for each year from 2013 to 2023. We then tried to access those pages to see how many still exist.

A second part of the study looks at the links on existing webpages to see how many of those links are still functional. We did this by collecting a large sample of pages from government websites, news websites and the online encyclopedia Wikipedia.

We identified relevant news domains using data from the audience metrics company comScore and relevant government domains (at multiple levels of government) using data from get.gov, the official administrator for the .gov domain. We collected the news and government pages via Common Crawl and the Wikipedia pages from an archive maintained by the Wikimedia Foundation. For each collection, we identified the links on those pages and followed them to their destination to see what share of those links point to sites that are no longer accessible.

A third part of the study looks at how often individual posts on social media sites are deleted or otherwise removed from public view. We did this by collecting a large sample of public tweets on the social media platform X (then known as Twitter) in real time using the Twitter Streaming API. We then tracked the status of those tweets for a period of three months using the Twitter Search API to monitor how many were still publicly available. Refer to the report methodology for more details.

The internet is an unimaginably vast repository of modern life, with hundreds of billions of indexed webpages. But even as users across the world rely on the web to access books, images, news articles and other resources, this content sometimes disappears from view.

A new Pew Research Center analysis shows just how fleeting online content actually is:

This digital decay occurs in many different online spaces. We examined the links that appear on government and news websites, as well as in the References section of Wikipedia pages as of spring 2023. This analysis found that:

To see how digital decay plays out on social media, we also collected a real-time sample of tweets during spring 2023 on the social media platform X (then known as Twitter) and followed them for three months. We found that:

There are many ways of defining whether something on the internet that used to exist is now inaccessible to people trying to reach it today. For instance, inaccessible could mean that:

For this report, we focused on the first of these: pages that no longer exist. The other definitions of accessibility are beyond the scope of this research.

Our approach is a straightforward way of measuring whether something online is accessible or not. But even so, there is some ambiguity.

First, there are dozens of status codes indicating a problem that a user might encounter when they try to access a page. Not all of them definitively indicate whether the page is permanently defunct or just temporarily unavailable. Second, for security reasons, many sites actively try to prevent the sort of automated data collection that we used to test our full list of links.

For these reasons, we used the most conservative estimate possible for deciding whether a site was actually accessible or not. We counted pages as inaccessible only if they returned one of nine error codes that definitively indicate that the page and/or its host server no longer exist or have become nonfunctional regardless of how they are being accessed, and by whom. The full list of error codes that we included in our definition are in the methodology.

Here are some of the findings from our analysis of digital decay in various online spaces.

To conduct this part of our analysis, we collected a random sample of just under 1 million webpages from the archives of Common Crawl, an internet archive service that periodically collects snapshots of the internet as it exists at different points in time. We sampled pages collected by Common Crawl each year from 2013 through 2023 (approximately 90,000 pages per year) and checked to see if those pages still exist today.

We found that 25% of all the pages we collected from 2013 through 2023 were no longer accessible as of October 2023. This figure is the sum of two different types of broken pages: 16% of pages are individually inaccessible but come from an otherwise functional root-level domain; the other 9% are inaccessible because their entire root domain is no longer functional.

Not surprisingly, the older snapshots in our collection had the largest share of inaccessible links. Of the pages collected from the 2013 snapshot, 38% were no longer accessible in 2023. But even for pages collected in the 2021 snapshot, about one-in-five were no longer accessible just two years later.

We sampled around 500,000 pages from government websites using the Common Crawl March/April 2023 snapshot of the internet, including a mix of different levels of government (federal, state, local and others). We found every link on each page and followed a random selection of those links to their destination to see if the pages they refer to still exist.

Across the government websites we sampled, there were 42 million links. The vast majority of those links (86%) were internal, meaning they link to a different page on the same website. An explainer resource on the IRS website that links to other documents or forms on the IRS site would be an example of an internal link.

Around three-quarters of government webpages we sampled contained at least one on-page link. The typical (median) page contains 50 links, but many pages contain far more. A page in the 90th percentile contains 190 links, and a page in the 99th percentile (that is, the top 1% of pages by number of links) has 740 links.

Other facts about government webpage links:

When we followed these links, we found that 6% point to pages that are no longer accessible. Similar shares of internal and external links are no longer functional.

Overall, 21% of all the government webpages we examined contained at least one broken link. Across every level of government we looked at, there were broken links on at least 14% of pages; city government pages had the highest rates of broken links.

For this analysis, we sampled 500,000 pages from 2,063 websites classified as News/Information by the audience metrics firm comScore. The pages were collected from the Common Crawl March/April 2023 snapshot of the internet.

Across the news sites sampled, this collection contained more than 14 million links pointing to an outside website. Some 94% of these pages contain at least one external-facing link. The median page contains 20 links, and pages in the top 10% by link count have 56 links.

Like government websites, the vast majority of these links go to secure HTTP pages (those with a URL beginning with https://). Around 12% of links on these news sites point to a static file, like a PDF document. And 32% of links on news sites redirected to a different URL than the one they originally pointed to slightly less than the 39% of external links on government sites that redirect.

When we tracked these links to their destination, we found that 5% of all links on news site pages are no longer accessible. And 23% of all the pages we sampled contained at least one broken link.

Broken links are about as prevalent on the most-trafficked news websites as they are on the least-trafficked sites. Some 25% of pages on news websites in the top 20% by site traffic have at least one broken link. That is nearly identical to the 26% of sites in the bottom 20% by site traffic.

For this analysis, we collected a random sample of 50,000 English-language Wikipedia pages and examined the links in their References section. The vast majority of these pages (82%) contain at least one reference link that is, one that directs the reader to a webpage other than Wikipedia itself.

In total, there are just over 1 million reference links across all the pages we collected. The typical page has four reference links.

The analysis indicates that 11% of all references linked on Wikipedia are no longer accessible. On about 2% of source pages containing reference links, every link on the page was broken or otherwise inaccessible, while another 53% of pages contained at least one broken link.

For this analysis, we collected nearly 5 million tweets posted from March 8 to April 27, 2023, on the social media platform X, which at the time was known as Twitter. We did this using Twitters Streaming API, collecting 3,000 public tweets every 30 minutes in real time. This provided us with a representative sample of all tweets posted on the platform during that period. We monitored those tweets until June 15, 2023, and checked each day to see if they were still available on the site or not.

At the end of the observation period, we found that 18% of the tweets from our initial collection window were no longer publicly visible on the site. In a majority of cases, this was because the account that originally posted the tweet was made private, suspended or deleted entirely. For the remaining tweets, the account that posted the tweet was still visible on the site, but the individual tweet had been deleted.

Tweets were especially likely to be deleted or removed over the course of our collection period if they were:

We also found that removed or deleted tweets tended to come from newer accounts with relatively few followers and modest activityon the site. On average, tweets that were no longer visible on the site were posted by accounts around eight months younger than those whose tweets stayed on the site.

And when we analyzed the types of tweets that were no longer available, we found that retweets, quote tweets and original tweets did not differ much from the overall average. But replies were relatively unlikely to be removed just 12% of replies were inaccessible at the end of our monitoring period.

Most tweets that are removed from the site tend to disappear soon after being posted. In addition to looking at how many tweets from our collection were still available at the end of our tracking period, we conducted a survival analysis to see how long these tweets tended to remain available. We found that:

Put another way: Half of tweets that are eventually removed from the platform are unavailable within the first six days of being posted. And 90% of these tweets are unavailable within 46 days.

Tweets dont always disappear forever, though. Some 6% of the tweets we collected disappeared and then became available again at a later point. This could be due to an account going private and then returning to public status, or to the account being suspended and later reinstated. Of those reappeared tweets, the vast majority (90%) were still accessible on Twitter at the end of the monitoring period.

Link:
Link Rot and Digital Decay on Government, News and Other Webpages - Pew Research Center

Highlights

In the aftermath of Ubisofts Assassins Creed Shadows reveal, disgruntled gamers are flocking to Wikipedia to alter the page of one of the game's protagonists. The ability to play as the historical black samurai Yasuke offers the potential to explore a unique story in Assassins Creed Shadows, yet these actions imply discontent towards Ubisofts choice to feature a black protagonist within the games Japanese setting.

Ubisoft finally revealed the first trailer for Assassins Creed Shadows on May 15, along with tons of new information about the game. Set in Feudal Japan, Assassins Creed Shadows will feature two protagonists with distinct skill trees and abilities. Female shinobi Naoe is a master of infiltration and promises a stealthier playstyle reminiscent of the franchise's early entries. Meanwhile, heavily armored samurai Yasuke will utilize lethal force to tackle massed groups of enemies head-on.

Assassin's Creed Shadows will be offering one major feature that is both highly requested and an improvement on one of the series' traditions.

While the developers were quick to pacify angry fans over a mistaken suggestion that Assassins Creed Shadows would require permanent online connectivity to play, other gamers have taken issue with Ubisofts choice of protagonists. Twitter user Sallymander40k has pointed out that Yasukes Wikipedia page was altered over 50 times on the day of Ubisoft's reveal. The chief dispute of the edit war hinges on the contentious question of whether Yasuke was ever specifically granted samurai status. Some fans believe that Yasukes detractors are attempting to undermine the significance of this first playable historical figure in an Assassins Creed title.

The sparse details known about Yasukes life prove that he could provide a fascinating story and balance out Naoes stealthy gameplay. Claimed to be the first samurai of foreign descent and African origin, Yasuke was possibly enslaved and trafficked as a child. As a free man, he later accompanied Italian Jesuit missionary Alessandro Valignano to India, potentially as a bodyguard. After arriving in civil war-torn Sengoku Japan in 1579, Yasuke entered the service of lord Oda Nobunaga the first Great Unifier in 1581, where he was renowned for his height and strength. Yasukes service was cut short when Nobunaga was betrayed and forced to commit seppuku during the Honoji Incident of 1582. Yet Yasuke survived the attack and escaped with Nobunagas severed head, thereby depriving their enemy of their trophy.

While Yasuke is an unconventional choice for a game set in Feudal Japan, the ability to experience the beauty and brutality of this period from an outsiders perspective could make for an intriguing story. As Assassins Creed Shadows will be smaller in scope than Odyssey or Valhalla, the need for strong characters and captivating storylines is all the greater. Additionally, Yasuke was not the only non-Japanese samurai. William Adams, the inspiration for John Blackthorne in James Clavells Shgun, was granted the title in 1605. Whether fans approve of Ubisofts choice or not, Yasukes tale will be revealed when Assassins Creed Shadows is released on November 15, 2024.

Previously known as Codename Red, Assassin's Creed Shadows is an upcoming game in Ubisoft's open-world franchise. Set in Feudal Japan, Shadows includes two playable characters, a ninja assassin specializing in stealth and a samurai who focuses on power.

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People Are Vandalizing the Wikipedia Page for Assassin's Creed Shadows Protagonist Yasuke - GameRant

Updated 10:30 17 May 2024 GMT+1Published 10:31 17 May 2024 GMT+1

While Assassin's Creed Shadows was only announced two days ago, rogue elements of the Assassin's Creed fandom, and gaming as a whole, have been spotted vandalising the Wikipedia page for Yasuke, the real person who is serving as one of two main playable characters in the upcoming title.

As is visible by viewing previous versions of the Wikipedia article for the man, a new paragraph was added (before it was promptly deleted, the article itself locked so people can't edit it) that read:

"It is important to note that despite popular myth and modern depictions there are no historical writings nor evidence that Yasuke was ever granted the rank or title of samurai, he was never given a fief nor referred to as one in any writings. Most of our knowledge of his life comes from these messages written by missionaries and locals."

What is worth noting, as previously indicated, is that this paragraph simply did not exist on the page prior to the reveal of the upcoming Assassin's Creed game, and seems to have been added by gamers who have a problem for some reason with the character being so prominently displayed in the title.

It's also important to note that the changes to the Wikipedia page in question only came about after popular online agitator and former game developer Mark Kern tweeted about the game, claiming that developer Ubisoft changed the title in order to be more diverse. Kern later backtracked on this, however, stating that he's heard this was the plan all along, and Yasuke has been the protagonist of the game throughout development. Kern has not deleted his previous claim.

Topics:Ubisoft, Assassins Creed

Link:
Assassin's Creed Shadows 'critics' have started vandalising IRL protagonist Yasuke's Wiki page - GAMINGbible

The Wikipedia page for Yasuke has been the subject of an edit war afterAssassins Creed Shadows released their first look at Yasuke as one of the games protagonists.

Yasuke is a historical figure claimed to be the first black samurai. The Wikipedia page as it reads now, paints a more ambiguous picture as records of Yasuke appear to be few and far between (the article even says he waslikely of African origin). However the real excitement is happening in the Talk page for the article.

Users are currently having a back and forth about a particular line which clarifies Yasukes alleged status as a samurai rather than a retainer. The line currently reads.

It is important to note that despite popular myth and modern depictions there are no historical writings nor evidence that Yasuke was ever granted the rank or title of samurai, he was never given a fief nor referred to as one in any writings. Most of our knowledge of his life comes from these messages written by missionaries and locals.

The line comes with these two linked sources 1,2.

Users who disagree with this addition feel its racist backlash to Yasukes role inAssassins Creed Shadows meanwhile editors who support the addition claim its needed to prevent the spread of misinformation. Wikipedia editor Ezios Assassin explains:

I support the idea that Wikipedia needs to make it clear on the article that theres no evidence that Yasuke was granted the rank of samurai. Many random articles on the internet keep calling him a samurai (probably the effect of him being falsely portrayed as such in modern media). And now many people use those articles as a source to back their claim for political reasons. If that misinformation keeps spreading, it will become a fact eventually. If just one reliable source starts calling Yasuke a samurai, people will use that as a source to edit it on Wikipedia.

Meanwhile on more public forums of discourse, Twitter users are posting screenshots of Japanese users questioning the choice and pointing out the potential racism of a foreigner slaughtering Japanese in their country.

Assassins Creed Shadows is expected to release on November 15 for Xbox Series X/S, PlayStation 5, and PC.

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Assassin's Creed Shadows sparks Wikipedia edit war over Yasuke - Niche Gamer