What constitutes democracy is for actual democracies to define – Mint
The much-touted Summit for Democracy hosted by US President Joe Biden has come and gone without generating much heat. For the American leader, making democracy globally attractive has been a priority, and in that spirit, this summit was aimed at generating a greater sense of solidarity among fellow democracies. This is an age when the health of democracies across the world is a genuine cause for concern and the rise of China has made the debate on the efficacy of political institutions even more germane to contemporary shifts in global narratives. The intellectual consensus of the past that democracy is the best option available no longer seems secure.
For Biden, it has been an article of faith to showcase the effectiveness of democracy, and he campaigned on this agenda, keen to project it both at home and abroad at a time when the credibility of American democracy has been challenged, unlike any other time in its history. He, therefore, rallied world leaders to work with him to bolster democratic institutions amid the march of authoritarian systems like Chinas and Russias as well as a backward slide of democracy around the globe. In the context of the mob attack on the Capitol complex in Washington DC on 6 January this year, he also turned the spotlight inwards by arguing that here in the United States we know as well as anyone that renewing our democracy and strengthening our democratic institutions requires constant effort."
The summit saw the participation of more than 100 leaders, who underlined growing challenges to global democratic aspirations such as corruption, socio-economic inequalities, disinformation and the growing role of Big Tech. There was a joint pushback from China and Russia, which lambasted the Biden administration as exhibiting a Cold-War mentality" that would stoke up ideological confrontation and a rift in the world." The Chinese Communist Party went even further and hosted its own International Forum on Democracy, where it claimed that China is a true democracy that works" as it integrates process-oriented democracy with results-oriented democracy, procedural democracy with substantive democracy, direct democracy with indirect democracy, and peoples democracy with the will of the state." It released a white paper titled China: Democracy That Works, which enunciated that there is no fixed model of democracy; it manifests itself in many forms. Assessing the myriad political systems in the world against a single yardstick and examining diverse political structures in monochrome are in themselves undemocratic."
It is ironical that this contestation of the very meaning of democracy is happening two decades after Chinas accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) In December 2001 that has had a transformative impact on the global economy as well as global polity. That was the time when Francis Fukuyamas end of history" narrative still resonated with policymakers, exemplified in the views of former US President Bill Clinton when he suggested that importing one of democracys most cherished values, economic freedom", would eventually bring political changes in China. That political freedom would smoothly flow from economic liberalization was the consensus across the political and academic world back then.
But even as China used the opportunities it got to emerge over the past two decades as the worlds largest economy in purchasing power parity terms, the second largest at market exchange rates, and the worlds largest trading nation, democracy was nowhere to be found. Significantly, China started using its global economic clout for geopolitical ends, as reflected in its trade coercion of Australia since 2020 and more recently Lithuania. American policymakers today are left complaining that Beijing is pursuing a state-centred economic model that tilts the field by deploying policies that disadvantage US businesses and other foreign companies in sectors deemed strategic."
The West has been forced to reckon with the challenge China poses to the global economic and political order after decades of ignoring a fundamental contradiction in its approach. The very global economic system that propelled China to the global hierarchys top has been undercut by Beijing through its market distortion and coercive trade practices. The US is beginning to challenge this more frontally than ever before. In a recent intervention, the US undersecretary for economic growth, energy and the environment, Jose W. Fernandez, exhorted the US business community to not see themselves as mere bystanders in the US-China strategic engagement, but be mindful how your activities can affect US National Security and the fundamental values we hold dear."
This is an important US shift away from viewing politics as subservient to economic interests towards a reassertion of the primacy of political objectives. This brings us back to the fundamental issue of democracy and reasons for the emergence of new geopolitical fault-lines. Indias role as the worlds largest democracy is critical in this discourse, and as Prime Minister Narendra Modi highlighted in his remarks at the summit, the India story has one clear message to the worldthat democracy can deliver; that democracy has delivered and that democracy will continue to deliver."
Every democracy is a work in progress and responding to democratic aspirations in a society riven with multiple socio-economic fault-lines is a huge challenge, but India has repeatedly proven naysayers wrong on the countrys democratic consolidation. And Indias economic rise within a democratic set-up is itself a challenge to Chinese propaganda on an authoritarian models efficacy. While the fragility of democracies in the West has been apparent to the whole world, Indian democracy has remained resilient.
For the West, an important corrective was in order, but, significantly for China, the summit sent out a message that resilient Indian democracy could take its political claims apart. If the Chinese Communist Party can tom-tom its non-existent democratic credentials, India should be far more vocal about its genuine democratic accomplishments without being despondent about challenges.
Harsh V. Pant is professor of international relations, Kings College London
Subscribe to Mint Newsletters
* Enter a valid email
* Thank you for subscribing to our newsletter.
Never miss a story! Stay connected and informed with Mint. Download our App Now!!
Read more here:
What constitutes democracy is for actual democracies to define - Mint
- Britain will lower its voting age to 16 in a bid to strengthen democracy - ABC News - Breaking News, Latest News and Videos - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Lowering the voting age: a boost for UK democracy or a shot in the dark? - The Guardian - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- From Voices to Visions: Reflections on Climate Democracy in Practice - International IDEA - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Imagining The Path Forward for The Healthy Democracy Ecosystem - The Fulcrum - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Republicans Advance Trump Judicial Nominee Said to Have Urged Court Defiance - Democracy Docket - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- An Urgent Warning from Texas: A Conversation on Defending Democracy and Fighting Authoritarianism in the States - Center for American Progress - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- How we Treat [Immigrants] will Shape the Future of Our Democracy and Our Moral Character - The Birmingham Times - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Britain will lower its voting age to 16 in a bid to strengthen democracy - AP News - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Democracy is not theirs to dismantle. More than 120 people turn out for 'Good Trouble' protest - GazetteXtra - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Dems to Fight Texas Illegal, Unconstitutional and Egregious Effort to Rig the Elections - Democracy Docket - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Senate Advances Bill to Claw Back $9 Billion in Funds for Foreign Aid and Public Broadcasting - Democracy Now! - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Video Britain to lower voting age to 16 in a bid to strengthen democracy - ABC News - Breaking News, Latest News and Videos - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Protecting democracy from big money: Why the UK's new elections strategy doesn't go far enough - Transparency International UK - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Election Officials Have Been Under Attack For Years. Now The DOJ Wants to Criminally Charge Them - Democracy Docket - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Pentagon to Withdraw Half of 4,000 National Guard Troops Deployed to Los Angeles - Democracy Now! - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Antithesis of democracy: Protesters gather for Good Trouble rally in Raleigh - Raleigh News & Observer - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- U.N. Rapporteur Urges Nations to Cut Ties to Israel to Stop Genocide in Gaza - Democracy Now! - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Texas Used DOJs Concerns to Justify Redistricting. Now It Says Theyre Off Base. - Democracy Docket - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Sudan, Remember Us Trailer: Watermelon Pictures Sets August Release For Doc Paying Tribute To Youthful Pro-Democracy Activism - Deadline - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Public Space Is the Infrastructure of Democracy. Its Time to Protect Our Right to Gather. - Next City - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- The U.S. Government Just Slapped The World's Largest Democracy With A Travel Advisory - TheTravel - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- History, Historians, and Democracy in the Age of Trump - Civil War Memory - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- UK to lower voting age to 16 a once-in a-generation opportunity to secure the future health of British democracy - The Conversation - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Britain will lower its voting age to 16 in a bid to strengthen democracy - MSN - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Equatorial Guinea: FAJ applauds journalists role in advancing democracy and justice at the Citizens Forum - International Federation of Journalists -... - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Britain will lower its voting age to 16 in a bid to strengthen democracy - Aurora Sentinel - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- Book review: Christianity and Democracy Today: International perspectives, edited by David P. Gushee and Paul Silas Peterson - The Church Times - July 18th, 2025 [July 18th, 2025]
- This Is the Most Inspiring Thing Ive Heard About Democracy at the Supreme Court in Ages - Slate Magazine - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Opinion | Trump Is Winning the Battle to Undermine Democracy - The New York Times - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Liberals claimed Trump would end democracy. They were wrong again. | Opinion - USA Today - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Daily Briefing July 15: Day 648 Dramatic day at Knesset leaves democracy intact for now - The Times of Israel - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Who is leading and lagging on democracy and reforms in the EUs Eastern Partnership? - New Eastern Europe - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Understanding the evolution and state of democracy in Zimbabwe: When a coup is not called a coup - Brookings - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- 'Misogyny Is a System': Julie Suk Wants to Reimagine U.S. Institutionsand Build a Democracy of Equality - Ms. Magazine - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- State Departments Restructuring and Proposed Budget Cuts Roll Back U.S. Role in Democracy and Human Rights Globally; Congress Has a Chance to Fix This... - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Court Delays Termination of TPS for 12,000 Afghans as Both Sides Asked to Submit Arguments - Democracy Now! - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Get Maine on the train for democracy before its too late | Opinion - The Portland Press Herald - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- We are ready to lead our country toward democracy and a European path - - July 16th, 2025 [July 16th, 2025]
- Mandelblit believes Israel heading toward end of democracy - The Times of Israel - July 14th, 2025 [July 14th, 2025]
- Jurists refer to the obstacle in front of peace, democracy in Turkey - - July 14th, 2025 [July 14th, 2025]
- Hundreds attend pro-democracy rally in Oceanside - Times of San Diego - July 14th, 2025 [July 14th, 2025]
- The GOP Is Working Overtime to Take the People Out of Democracy - WhoWhatWhy - July 14th, 2025 [July 14th, 2025]
- Freedom to Choose?: Peter Beinart Slams Trump-Netanyahu Plan for Ethnic Cleansing of Gaza - Democracy Now! - July 14th, 2025 [July 14th, 2025]
- Evers refusal to fight and the fate of democracy - Wisconsin Examiner - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- What Exactly Is Required to Preserve Our Democracy? - The Atlantic - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Timeline: Tracking the Trump Justice Departments Anti-Voting Shift - Democracy Docket - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Apocalypse in the Tropics is the democracy documentary Trump doesnt want you to see - San Francisco Chronicle - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Depression due to politics? The quiet danger to democracy - University of California - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Theme Panel: Author Meets Critics: Depolarizing Politics and Saving Democracy by Jennifer McCoy and Murat Somer - Political Science Now - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Democracy report card: Experts weigh in on where the US stands - KPBS - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- This Week in Democracy Week 25: Epstein Cover-Ups, Crypto Corruption, and Trump's Tariff Tyranny - Zeteo - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- U.N. Special Rapporteur Francesca Albanese on Israel: From Economy of Occupation to Economy of Genocide - Democracy Now! - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Knesset's new law on religious courts and what it means for democracy - opinion - The Jerusalem Post - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Inequality has risen from 1970 to Trump that has 3 hidden costs that undermine democracy - The Conversation - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- How to Stand Up for Democracy: Pedro Silva on Laughter and Liberation - WORT-FM 89.9 - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- In defense of a human right to democracy: Reflections on the pending Advisory Opinion before the Inter-American Court of Human Rights - EJIL: Talk! - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- What Is the Trump Doctrine? John Bellamy Foster on U.S. Foreign Policy & the New MAGA Imperialism - Democracy Now! - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Letters: Erosion of our democracy was the work of decades of right-wing plotting - NOLA.com - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Peter Beinart on Zohran Mamdani & Why Democratic Voters Are Increasingly Skeptical of Israel - Democracy Now! - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- NAACP president says fight for democracy and justice will continue - WFAE - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Harbingers: What January 6 and Charlottesville Reveal About Rising Threats to American Democracy - Ideastream - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Perspective: Only one branch of government? Keep fighting to preserve our democracy - Northern Public Radio - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Capitol Briefs: Weed taxes, algorithm collusion and the fate of Democracy - Capitol Weekly - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Expand Democracy: Musks Third Party, RCV in NYC, and Miami Backlash - The Fulcrum - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- This Is Our Shot: A Democracy Roadshow for the American Imagination - The Fulcrum - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- The rise of Viktor Orban and the erosion of democracy in Hungary - KALW - July 12th, 2025 [July 12th, 2025]
- Harvards Fight Is a Defense of Democracy and Civic Virtue - Liberal Currents - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- Members of Congress visiting ICE facilities are showing up for democracy - The Hill - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- Irwin Cotler sounds alarm on erosion of Israels greatest protection its democracy - The Times of Israel - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- Georgia: how democracy is being eroded fast as government shifts towards Russia - The Conversation - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- CONNECTIONS: We shouldn't be surprised that we still have to fight for democracy even after 249 years - The Berkshire Edge - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- Depression Due to Politics: the Quiet Danger to Democracy - University of California, Merced - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- Democracy v. Plutocracy: Breaking Up is Hard to Do - KPFA - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- Indefatigable leaders of Indivisible Sagadahoc fighting to save democracy - The Portland Press Herald - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- More on the Abrego Garcia Case: Some Good News for Democracy, Despite the Government's Best Efforts - Civil Discourse with Joyce Vance - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- AI, Fair Use, and the Arsenal of Democracy - RealClearDefense - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- Opinion - Members of Congress visiting ICE facilities are showing up for democracy - Yahoo - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- Democracy isnt dying in darkness. Its being killed off in plain sight. - Inquirer.com - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- Letters: Valuing democracy and a nation of laws - Westerly Sun - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]
- MK Gilad Kariv on the fight for democracy and Reform Judaism in wartime Israel - Haaretz - July 8th, 2025 [July 8th, 2025]