Eric Holder Wikipdia
Un article de Wikipdia, l'encyclopdie libre.
Eric Himpton Holder, Jr., n le 21 janvier 1951 New York, est un homme politique et avocat amricain, procureur gnral des tats-Unis (Attorney General) entre 2009 et 2015 au sein de l'administration de Barack Obama. Il est le premier Afro-amricain occuper ce poste.
Eric Holder est n dans le Bronx de parents originaires de la Barbade. Son pre Eric Himpton Holder, Sr. (1905-1970) naquit Saint-Joseph, l'est de l'le de la Barbade et arriva l'ge de 11 ans sur le sol amricain. Il devint plus tard prteur immobilier. Sa mre Miriam naquit dans le New Jersey. Ses grands-parents maternels furent des immigrants originaires de la paroisse barbadienne de Saint-Philip. Eric H. Holder, Jr. grandit dans le quartier d'East Elmhurst dans le quartier nord-ouest du Queens o il frquenta l'cole publique jusqu' l'ge de dix ans.
Remarqu par ses rsultats scolaires, il intgre la Stuyvesant High School, lyce priv prestigieux de Manhattan. Il entre ensuite l'universit Columbia o il obtient en 1973 un Bachelor of Arts en histoire amricaine. Il suit ensuite les cours de la Columbia Law School dont il sort diplm en 1976. Il travaille alors pour le dpartement de la Justice des tats-Unis comme trial attorney dans la section Intgrit publique de 1976 1988. Durant cette priode, il participera aux poursuites contre le membre du congrs dmocrate John Jenrette accus de trafic d'influence. En 1988, le prsident Ronald Reagan le nomme juge la Cour suprieure du district de Columbia, la capitale fdrale. En 1993 il est promu par le prsident Bill Clinton au poste de procureur fdral du district de Columbia. C'est le premier Afro-Amricain ce poste, comme il le sera lors de ses promotions suivantes. Au dbut de ses nouvelles fonctions, il supervise les conclusions sur le cas de corruption contre Dan Rostenkowski, une partie du scandale de la Poste du Congrs. En 1997, il est promu procureur gnral adjoint, poste o il seconde Janet Reno. De 2001 2008, sous la prsidence de George W. Bush, Holder quitte l'administration et travaille dans le priv, comme avocat au cabinet Covington & Burling, Washington, reprsentant des clients comme Merck ou la National Football League.
En avril 2004, invit sur CNN, il affirme son opposition au Patriot Act de l'administration Bush. En juin 2008 lors d'un discours l'American Constitution Society for Law and Policy il critique la politique amricaine de la torture et la surveillance sans mandat permise la NSA. Nanmoins, le Patriot Act est prolong par le Congrs amricain, au moins jusqu'en juin 2015.
Lorsque Barack Obama est lu fin 2008, il choisit Eric Holder comme ministre de la justice (Procureur gnral des tats-Unis), pour la passation de pouvoirs de dbut 2009.
Le 9 janvier 2009, le Snat confirme Holder comme procureur gnral des tats-Unis (ministre de la Justice des tats-Unis), sa nomination fut plusieurs fois retarde mais finalement confirme avec 75 voix pour et 21 contre aprs trois heures de dbat au Snat[1]. Il est reconduit lors du second mandat de Barack Obama.
Eric Holder et Barack Obama ont de trs importants dossiers traiter: l'abandon des discriminations contre le mariage homosexuel, les fraudes amricaines ayant entrain la crise conomique mondiale des annes 2008 et suivantes, et l'ampleur des coutes lgales mais secrtes de la National Security Agency.
Paralllement, de nombreux scandales judiciaires sont rvls tout au cours des deux prsidences Obama, mais aucun n'a assez d'envergure pour engendrer une dmission de l'administration, du prsident ou de ses ministres.
Eric Holder n'est pas encore ministre de la Justice lors du dclenchement de la crise financire de 2008, mais il est rapidement charg des suites judiciaires. En 2013, Eric Holder explique pourquoi il a refus de poursuivre les institutions financires aprs la crise de 2008.
Interrog par le snateur Chuck Grassley (rpublicain de lIowa) le 6 mars 2013 dans une audition du Comit judiciaire du Snat amricain sur les raisons pour lesquelles aucun dirigeant dtablissement bancaire navait t poursuivi suite aux vnements qui avaient conduit leffondrement du systme financier international en septembre 2008, Eric Holder rpond: Je crains que la taille de certains de ces tablissements ne soit devenue si grande quil est devenu difficile de les poursuivre en justice, parce que des indications nous parviennent qui si nous les poursuivions si nous procdions des inculpations cela aurait un impact ngatif sur lconomie nationale, voire sur lconomie mondiale, et il me semble que ceci est la consquence du fait que certains de ces tablissements sont devenus trop importants () Ceci a une influence inhibitoire sur, ou impacte, notre capacit prendre les mesures qui seraient selon moi les plus adquates
Ces propos sont interprts par les snateurs et par la presse comme laveu dune position de faiblesse du ministre de la Justice dans son rapport de force avec le secteur bancaire[2].
En 2013, Eric Holder est mis en cause pour avoir autoris la livraison d'armes amricaines aux cartels mexicains dans le cadre de l'opration Fast and Furious visant suivre le traffic des armes vers les cartels de la drogue. Cependant seuls 23 parlementaires ptitionnent pour sa rvocation, ce qui est trs loin du quota ncessaire.
En 2014, Eric Holder est accus par une enqute du Washington Post (Prix Pulitzer 2014, pour la publication des rvlations d'Edward Snowden), cite par le polmiste James Bovard, d'avoir fait spcialit d'enterrer les affaires impliquant des policiers. Alors qu'entre la nomination d'Eric Holder en 1988 et 2014, les policiers sous sa responsabilit ont tu plus de suspects que tout autre service de police, dans l'histoire des tats-Unis, aucun policier n'a t personnellement mis en examen pour homicide dans le district de Columbia, alors que les services de police taient condamns.
Le point culminant de cette accusation d'entrave la saisine de la justice, est que face cette situation statistiquement alarmante Janet Reno aurait en 1997 charg Eric Holder d'enquter sur lui-mme. Depuis 18 ans cette enqute serait ouverte et vierge.
Le 25 septembre 2014, Eric Holder annonce sa dmission sans en prciser les motifs, ce qui est habituel aux tats-Unis. Il restera en fonctions plusieurs mois jusqu' l'entre en fonction de son successeur. Il s'agirait d'un accord politique prvu de longue date avec le prsident Barack Obama, afin de nommer une autre personnalit pour sa dernire anne de prsidence. Barack dclare au sujet d'Eric Holder: Nous ne pourrions pas tre plus reconnaissants pour tout ce que vous avez fait, pas juste pour moi et le gouvernement, mais pour tout le pays[3],[4],[5].
Le 8 novembre 2014, Loretta Lynch, procureure, est choisie par le prsident Obama pour succder Holder.
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Eric Holder Wikipdia
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