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David Petraeus speaks in Los Angeles on Nov. 7, 2014. The former head of the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq tells The Washington Post that Iran and Shiite-backed militias pose a greater threat to Iraq than the self-described Islamic State. Imeh Akpanudosen/Getty Images hide caption

David Petraeus speaks in Los Angeles on Nov. 7, 2014. The former head of the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq tells The Washington Post that Iran and Shiite-backed militias pose a greater threat to Iraq than the self-described Islamic State.

Gen. David Petraeus, who commanded the U.S.-led coalition forces in Iraq, says the "foremost threat to Iraq's long-term stability" is not the self-described Islamic State but Shiite militias backed, and sometimes guided, by Iran.

Petraeus' comments, which were made to The Washington Post in an interview published Friday, came at a conference in Sulaimaniya, in Iraqi Kurdistan. Petraeus oversaw the "surge" of troops into Iraq in 2007 and 2008, which succeeded in quelling the bloody Sunni rebellion after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime.

But since the end of combat operations in Iraq, violence in Iraq has spiked, a development Petraeus called a "tragedy for the Iraqi people, for the region and for the entire world."

"It is tragic foremost because it didn't have to turn out this way," he said.

Petraeus added:

"The hard-earned progress of the Surge was sustained for over three years. What transpired after that, starting in late 2011, came about as a result of mistakes and misjudgments whose consequences were predictable. And there is plenty of blame to go around for that.

"Yet despite that history and the legacy it has left, I think Iraq and the coalition forces are making considerable progress against the Islamic State. In fact, I would argue that the foremost threat to Iraq's long-term stability and the broader regional equilibrium is not the Islamic State; rather, it is Shiite militias, many backed by and some guided by Iran."

Petraeus, who headed the CIA before his resignation amid scandal in 2012, said: "Longer term, Iranian-backed Shia militia could emerge as the pre-eminent power in the country, one that is outside the control of the government and instead answerable to Tehran."

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Petraeus: Iran, Shiite Militias Bigger Threat To Iraq Than ISIS