Why Did the United States Invade Iraq? The Debate at 20 Years – Texas National Security Review
1 Melvyn Leffler, Confronting Saddam Hussein: George W. Bush and the Invasion of Iraq (New York: Oxford University Press, 2023); and Samuel Helfont, Iraq Against the World: Saddam, America, and the Post-Cold War Order (New York: Oxford University Press, 2023). See also Marjorie Gallelli, Its Been Twenty Years Time for Historians to Turn to Iraq, Passport 54, no. 1 (April 2023): 63, https://shafr.org/system/files/passport-04-2023-last-word.pdf.
2 Leffler, Confronting Saddam Hussein; Frederic Bozo, A History of the Iraq Crisis: France, the United States, and Iraq, 1991-2003 (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 2016); Alexandre Debs and Nuno Monteiro, Known Unknowns: Power Shifts, Uncertainty, and War, International Organization 68, no. 1 (Winter 2014): 131, https://www.jstor.org/stable/43282094; Ivo Daalder and James Lindsay, America Unbound: The Bush Revolution in Foreign Policy (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2005); Peter Hahn, Missions Accomplished?: The United States and Iraq Since World War I (New York: Oxford University Press, 2012); Hakan Tunc, What Was It All About After All? The Causes of the Iraq War, Contemporary Security Policy 26, no. 5 (2005): 33555, https://doi.org/10.1080/12523260500190492; Steve Yetiv, The Iraq War of 2003: Why Did the United States Decide to Invade, in The Middle East and the United States: History, Politics, and Ideologies, 6th ed., ed. David Lesch and Mark Haas (New York: Routledge, 2018), 25374; and Ron Suskind, The One Percent Doctrine: Deep Inside Americas Pursuit of Its Enemies since 9/11 (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006).
3 Ahsan Butt, Why Did the United States Invade Iraq in 2003? Security Studies 28, no. 2 (2019): 25085, https://doi.org/10.1080.09636412.2019.1551567; Andrew Bacevich, Americas War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History (New York: Random House, 2016); Jeffrey Record, Wanting War: Why the Bush Administration Invaded Iraq (Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press, 2011); Frank Harvey, Explaining the Iraq War: Counterfactual Theory, Logic, and Evidence (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012); John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt, The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2007); Paul Pillar, Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy: Iraq, 9/11, and Misguided Reform (New York: Columbia University Press, 2011); Patrick Porter, Iraq: A Liberal War After All, International Politics 55, no. 2 (March 2018): 33448, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s41311-017-0115-z; Lloyd Gardner, The Long Road to Baghdad: A History of U.S. Foreign Policy from the 1970s to the Present (New York: New Press, 2008); Gary Dorrien, Imperial Designs: Neoconservatism and the New Pax Americana (New York: Routledge, 2004); Stephen Kinzer, Overthrow: Americas Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq (New York: Times Books, 2006); Stephen Wertheim, Iraq and the Pathologies of Primacy, Foreign Affairs, May/June 2023, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/iraq-and-pathologies-primacy; Michael Desch, Americas Liberal Illiberalism: The Ideological Origins of Overreaction in U.S. Foreign Policy, International Security 32, no. 3 (Winter 2007/2008): 743, https://www.jstor.org/stable/30130517; Daniel Deudney and G. John Ikenberry, Realism, Liberalism, and the Iraq War, Survival 59, no. 4 (2017): 726, https://doi.org/10.1080/00396338.2017.1349757; Jane Cramer and Edward Duggan, In Pursuit of Primacy: Why the United States Invaded Iraq, in Why Did the United States Invade Iraq? ed. Jane Cramer and Trevor Thrall (New York: Routeledge, 2011), 20145.
4 Major primary source collections that scholars have drawn on to analyze U.S. decision-making on Iraq include the Digital National Security Archive, the Donald Rumsfeld Papers, U.S. Intelligence in the Middle East 1945-2009, and the British Iraq Inquiry, also known as the Chilcott Report.
5 Robert Jervis, Why Intelligence Fails: Lessons from the Iranian Revolution and the Iraq War (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010).
6 On Iraqi foreign policy and politics in this era, see Helfont, Iraq Against the World; Lisa Blaydes, State of Repression: Iraq Under Saddam Hussein (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2018); David Woods et al., Iraqi Perspectives Project: A View of Operation Iraqi Freedom from Saddams Senior Leadership (Norfolk, VA: United States Joint Forces Command, 2006). On U.N. weapons inspections, see Malfrid Braut-Hegghammer, Cheaters Dilemma: Iraq, Weapons of Mass Destruction, and the Path to War, International Security 45, no. 1 (Summer 2020): 5189, https://doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00382; Gregory Koblentz, Saddam Versus the Inspectors: The Impact of Regime Security on the Verification of Iraqs WMD Disarmament, Journal of Strategic Studies 41, no. 2 (April 2018): 372409, https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390.2016.1224764. On the role of U.S. allies and the United Nations on the road to war, see David Malone, The International Struggle Over Iraq: Politics in the U.N. Security Council, 1980-2005 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2006); and Alexander Thompson, Channels of Power: The U.N. Security Council and U.S. Statecraft in Iraq (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2010).
7 For example, see Benjamin Miller, Explaining Changes in U.S. Grand Strategy: 9/11, the Rise of Offensive Liberalism, and the War in Iraq, Security Studies 19, no. 1 (2010): 2665, https://doi.org/10.1080/09636410903546426.
8 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 248.
9 Robert Jervis, Explaining the War in Iraq, in Why Did the United States Invade Iraq? ed. Jane Cramer and Trevor Thrall (New York: Routeledge, 2011), 33.
10 Bozo, History of the Iraq Crisis, 9. See also Tunc, Causes of the Iraq War, 336.
11 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 2840; Jervis, Explaining the War, 30; and Yetiv, Iraq War of 2003, 40001.
12 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 5160; and Hahn, Missions Accomplished, 14243.
13 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 91. See also Jervis, Explaining the War, 34; Debs and Monteiro, Known Unknowns, 34, 17; Tunc, Causes of the Iraq War, 339; Yetiv, Iraq War of 2003, 398408; and Philip Gordon and Jeremy Shapiro, Allies at War: America, Europe, and the Crisis Over Iraq (New York: McGraw Hill, 2004), 83
14 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 15758; and Daalder and Lindsay, America Unbound, 12023.
15 George W. Bush, Decision Points (New York: Crown, 2010), 228. See also: Donald Rumsfeld, Known and Unknown: A Memoir (New York: Sentinel, 2011), 435; Douglas Feith, War and Decision: Inside the Pentagon at the Dawn of the War on Terrorism (New York: Harper Collins, 2008), 5152; and Richard Cheney, In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir (New York: Threshold Editions, 2011), 369.
16 Jervis, Why Intelligence Fails, 23; and Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 85, 167.
17 Interview with Condoleezza Rice, CNN, Sept. 8, 2002, https://transcripts.cnn.com/show/le/date/2002-09-08/segment/00.
18 Daalder and Lindsay, America Unbound, 11628; and Yetiv, Iraq War of 2003, 40102.
19 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 98. See also Jervis, Explaining the War, 30; and Debs and Monteiro, Known Unknowns, 26.
20 Tunc, Causes of the Iraq War, 342.
21 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 98.
22 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 252.
23 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 252. See also Hahn, Missions Accomplished, 143.
24 Jervis, Explaining the War, 31, 34.
25 Melvyn Leffler, The Foreign Policies of the George W. Bush Administration: Memoirs, History, Legacy, Diplomatic History 37, no. 2 (April 2013): 190216, https://www.jstor.org/stable/44254516.
26 Condoleezza Rice, No Higher Honor: A Memoir of My Years in Washington (New York: Crown Publishers, 2011), 121.
27 Bush, Decision Points, 229.
28 Rumsfeld, Known Unknowns, 42224; Rice, No Higher Honor, 14749; and Feith, War and Decision, 6.
29 Bush, Decision Points, 223; Rice, No Higher Honor, 147; Feith, War and Decision, 181.
30 Joseph Stieb, Confronting the Iraq War: Melvyn Leffler, George Bush, and the Problem of Trusting Your Sources, War on the Rocks, Jan. 30, 2023, https://warontherocks.com/2023/01/confronting-the-iraq-war-melvyn-leffler-george-bush-and-the-problem-of-trusting-your-sources/.
31 Scholars in the realist-hegemony school include: Butt, Invade Iraq, 284; Wertheim, Pathologies of Primacy; Gardner, Long Road, 23; Dorrien, Imperial Designs, 18182; Deudney and Ikenberry, Realism, Liberalism, 89; Cramer and Duggan, Pursuit of Primacy, 20103; Noam Chomsky, Hegemony or Survival: Americas Quest for Global Dominance (New York: MacMillan, 2007), 1116; and Steven Hurst, The United States and Iraq Since 1979 (Edinburgh, UK: Edinburgh University Press, 2009), 1920.
32 Butt, Invade Iraq, 251.
33 Butt, Invade Iraq, 271.
34 Butt, Invade Iraq, 25758, 272.
35 Wertheim, Pathologies of Primacy.
36 Deudney and Ikenberry, Realism, Liberalism, 8.
37 Record, Wanting War, 2425. Record explicitly aligns his argument with the realist school of international relations.
38 James Bamford, A Pretext for War: 9/11, Iraq, and the Abuse of Americas Intelligence Agencies (New York: Doubleday, 2004); Wertheim, Pathologies of Power; Kinzer, Overthrow, 292; Gardner, Long Road, 4; and Cramer and Duggan, Pursuit of Primacy, 203.
39 Butt, Invade Iraq, 253; Harvey, Explaining the Iraq War, 140; Chomsky, Hegemony or Survival, 14041; Deudney and Ikenberry, Realism, Liberalism, 18; and Cramer and Duggan, Pursuit of Primacy, 23037.
40 Walt, Good Intentions, 13, 5464; Andrew Bacevich, The Age of Illusions: How America Squandered Its Cold War Victory (New York: Metropolitan Books, 2020) 11011; and Patrick Porter, The False Promise of Liberal Order (Medford, MA: Polity Press, 2020), 112.
41 Walt, Good Intentions, 2532; John Mearsheimer, Imperial by Design, National Interest, no. 11 (January/February 2011): 1619, https://www.jstor.org/stable/42897726; Bacevich, War for the Greater Middle East: A Military History (New York: Random House, 2016), 35863; Desch, Liberal Illiberalism, 79; and Miller, Offensive Liberalism, 3537.
42 Bacevich, Age of Illusions, 114; Record, Wanting War, 4952; and John Mearsheimer, The Great Delusion: Liberal Dreams and International Realities (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2018), 15051.
43 On oil motives, see Michael Klare, Blood For Oil, in Iraq and Elsewhere, in Why Did the United States Invade Iraq? ed. Jane Cramer and Trevor Thrall (New York: Routledge, 2011), 129145; and Hurst, United States and Iraq, 29. On the Israeli alliance as a motive, see Mearsheimer and Walt, Israel Lobby, 25355. Michael MacDonald effectively rebuts the arguments that oil and Israel were core motives for the Iraq War in Overreach: Delusions of Regime Change in Iraq (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2014), 2426.
44 Walt, Good Intentions, 76, 110; Porter, A Liberal War, 346; and MacDonald, Overreach, 36.
45 Porter, A Liberal War, 34042; Walt, Good Intentions, 6576; and Pillar, Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy, 2430, 5963.
46 The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, The White House, September 2002, introduction, https://2009-2017.state.gov/documents/organization/63562.pdf. For first-hand testimony of Bushs commitment to democracy in Iraq, see Natan Sharansky, The Case for Democracy: The Power of Freedom to Overcome Tyranny and Terror (New York: Public Affairs, 2004), 23944.
47 Porter, A Liberal War, 33942; Desch, Liberal Illiberalism, 2529; Eric Heinze, The New Utopianism: Liberalism, American Foreign Policy, and the War in Iraq, Journal of International Political Theory 4, no. 1 (April 2008): 11617, https://doi.org/10.3366/E1755088208000116.
48 George W. Bush, George Bushs Speech to the American Enterprise Institute, The Guardian, Feb. 27, 2003, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2003/feb/27/usa.iraq2.
49 MacDonald, Overreach, 3946.
50 Mearsheimer, Great Delusion, 154.
51 Bacevich, Age of Illusions, 11013; and Bacevich, Greater Middle East, 24043.
52 Porter, False Promise, 11213. For similar claims, see Pillar, Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy, 18; MacDonald, Overreach, 37; and Dorrien, Imperial Designs, 181.
53 Barton Gellman, Angler: The Cheney Vice Presidency (New York: Penguin, 2007), 232; Dorrien, Imperial Designs, 13; and Daalder and Lindsay, America Unbound, 1516.
54 Gardner, Long Road; and Bacevich, Greater Middle East.
55 Excerpts from 1992 Draft Defense Planning Guidance, Frontline, 1992, https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/iraq/etc/wolf.html.
56 Scholars who cite the 1992 Defense Planning Guidance include Bacevich, Greater Middle East, 362; Butt, Invade Iraq, 273; and Wertheim, Pathologies of Primacy.
57 Joseph Stieb, The Regime Change Consensus: Iraq in American Politics, 1990-2003 (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2021), 16061; and Project for a New American Century Statement of Principles, in The Iraq Papers, ed. John Ehrenberg et al. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 1920.
58 Record, Wanting War, 15. See also Gardner, Long Road, 12630; Butt, Invade Iraq, 251; Dorrien, Imperial Designs, 18182; Bamford, Pretext for War, 423; and MacDonald, Overreach, 35.
59 George Tenet, At the Center of the Storm: My Years at the CIA (New York: Harper Collins, 2007), 30508, 322.
60 Scott McLellan, What Happened: Inside the Bush White House and Washingtons Culture of Deception (New York: Public Affairs, 2008), xiii. See also Richard Clarke: Against All Enemies: Inside Americas War on Terror (New York: Free Press, 2004), 3032.
61 Michael Mazarr, Leap of Faith: Hubris, Negligence, and Americas Greatest Foreign Policy Tragedy (New York: Public Affairs, 2019), 40607; Justin Vaisse, Neoconservatism: The Biography of a Movement (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2011), 1417; and Robert Draper, To Start at War: How the Bush Administration Took America Into Iraq (New York: Penguin, 2021).
62 Stieb, Regime Change Consensus, 113.
63 Pillar, Intelligence and U.S. Foreign Policy, 41. See also Butt, Invade Iraq, 25557.
64 Pillar, Intelligence in U.S. Foreign Policy, 1342; Cramer and Thrall, Pursuit of Primacy, 20407; and Bamford, Pretext for War, 26970.
65 Desch, Liberal Illiberalism, 9.
66 Christian Alfonsi, Circle in the Sand: Why We Went Back to Iraq (New York: Doubleday, 2006); Samuel Helfont, The Gulf Wars Aftermath: Dilemmas, Missed Opportunities, and the Post-Cold War Order Undone, Texas National Security Review 4, no. 2 (Spring 2021): 2547, https://tnsr.org/2021/02/the-gulf-wars-afterlife-dilemmas-missed-opportunities-and-the-post-cold-war-order-undone/; and Stieb, The Regime Change Consensus, 411.
67 The Iraq Liberation Act of 1998, Public Law 338, 105th Cong., 2nd sess., Oct. 31, 1998.
68 Helfont, Iraq Against the World, 110.
69 For scholars who call the Iraq War a tragedy, see Mazarr, Leap of Faith, 11; and Leffler, Confronting Saddam Hussein, 252. For scholars who call it a blunder, see Stieb, Regime Change Consensus, 1; and Wertheim, Pathologies of Primacy.
70 Scholars who emphasize continuity include Gardner, Long Road, 2; and John Lewis Gaddis, Surprise, Security, and the American Experience (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), 8091. Scholars who stress discontinuity include Daalder and Lindsay, America Unbound, 12223; and Andrew Bacevich, The Limits of Power: The End of American Exceptionalism (New York: MacMillan, 2008), 7475.
71 George W. Bush, Remarks at the United Nations General Assembly, White House Archives, Sept. 12, 2002, https://georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020912-1.html.
72 Bush, Decision Points, 22930; and Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 110
73 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 109.
74 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 94, 120, 16064. See also Gordon and Shapiro, Allies at War, 9698.
75 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 160.
76 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 184, 191. See also Draper, Start a War, 181.
77 Harvey, Explaining the Iraq War, 7.
78 Debs and Monteiro, Known Unknowns, 34. See also Draper, Start a War, 181; Todd Purdum, A Time of Our Choosing: Americas War in Iraq (New York: Times Books, 2004), 4663; and Anthony Lake, Two Cheers for Bargaining Theory: Assessing Rationalist Explanations of the Iraq War, International Security 35, no. 3 (Winter 2010/2011): 752, https://www.jstor.org/stable/40981251.
79 Bush, Decision Points, 229.
80 Bush, Decision Points, 24445; Rumsfeld, Known and Unknown, 442; Rice, No Higher Honor, 181; and Feith, War and Decision, 223.
81 Rice, No Higher Honor, 18687.
82 Mazarr, Leap of Faith, 113. See also John Prados, The Iraq War-Part II: Was There Even a Decision? National Security Archive, Oct. 1, 2010, https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB328/index.htm; and Mark Danner, ed., The Secret Way to War: The Downing Street Memo and the Iraq Wars Buried History (New York: New York Review of Books, 2006).
83 Mazarr, Leap of Faith, 222.
84 Mazarr, Leap of Faith, 3, 21821; and Stieb, Regime Change Consensus, 21416.
85 Mazarr, Leap of Faith, 245-246; and Prados, Even a Decision?
86 Mazarr, Leap of Faith, 9.
87 Mazarr, Leap of Faith, 292.
88 Stieb, Regime Change Consensus, 23640.
89 Butt, Invade Iraq, 251.
90 Prados, Even a Decision?; and Richard Haass, War of Necessity, War of Choice: A Memoir of Two Iraq Wars (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2009), 213.
91 Mazarr, Leap of Faith, 238.
92 Prominent works that skip coercive diplomacy include Bacevich, Greater Middle East; and Mearsheimer and Walt, Israel Lobby; Record, Wanting War.
93 William Burns, How We Tried to Slow the Rush to War in Iraq, Politico, March 13, 2019, https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/13/bill-burns-back-channel-book-excerpt-iraq-225731/.
94 Thanks to Theo Milonopoulos for this insight about future paths for Iraq scholarship.
95 Report of the Iraq Inquiry, House of Commons, July 6, 2016, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/the-report-of-the-iraq-inquiry.
96 Leffler, Confronting Saddam, 10304.
97 Butt, Invade Iraq, 279.
98 Butt, Invade Iraq, 27980; and Mazarr, Leap of Faith, 153.
99 Patrick Porter, Blunder: Britains War in Iraq (New York: Oxford University Press, 2019), 25, 20.
100 Vaisse, Neoconservatism, 12, 221. Vaisse also calls neoconservatives democratic globalists.
Continue reading here:
Why Did the United States Invade Iraq? The Debate at 20 Years - Texas National Security Review
- The Last 600 Meters Review: The Iraq Wars Realities on PBS - The Wall Street Journal - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- News - 5,000-Year-Old Monumental Building Excavated in Iraq - Archaeology Magazine - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Iraq can only disarm militias once US troops leave the country, PM says - Middle East Eye - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Twelve questions (and expert answers) on the Iraq elections - Atlantic Council - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Tensions soar as Pentagon chief issues final warning to Iraq over armed groups - Amwaj.media - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Iraq PM on Putting His Nation First Amid US-Iran Feud and Elections - Newsweek - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Iraq can disarm factions only when the US withdraws, prime minister says - Reuters - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Iraqi FM: U.S. Stance on Armed Factions in Iraq is Clear and Consistent - kurdistan24.net - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Iraq worries about rising tensions with US following Hegseth call - Yahoo - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- President Barzani: Partnership, Balance, and Harmony Key to Saving Iraq from 'Central Tyranny'" - kurdistan24.net - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Iraq and U.S. officials reaffirm commitment to a new phase of security cooperation - Iraqi News - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Iraq seeks to benefit from IRCS's expertise, services - Tehran Times - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- 5,000-year-old monumental building in Iraq reveals ties to the worlds first cities - Archaeology News Online Magazine - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- The Politics of Personal Status Law in Egypt and Iraq - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Iraq awards $764 million Baghdad airport project to CAAP and Amwaj - Reuters - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- See photos of Iraq War Veteran who has published a book of poetry - Greensboro News and Record - November 7th, 2025 [November 7th, 2025]
- Dick Cheney, Iraq and the Making of Halliburton - CounterPunch.org - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- 'I was right about Iraq.' It was Dick Cheney's war, and he owned it until the very end. - USA Today - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Local Iraq veterans share unfiltered stories of service and sacrifice - Madras Pioneer - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Ancient building in Iraq reshapes Uruk-era history - The Jerusalem Post - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- A Review of Central America in the Crosshairs of War; on the Road from Vietnam to Iraq - Harvard University - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Iraq, Turkey sign deal on Iraqi water infrastructure projects - Reuters - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Former Vice President Cheney, architect of Iraq War, dies at 84 - Axios - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Washington pushes back after Iraq links US pullout to resistance disarmament - thecradle.co - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Dick Cheney, architect of Iraq war and towering US vice president, dies at 84 - The Arab Weekly - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Dick Cheney, former vice president who unapologetically supported wars in Iraq, Afghanistan, dies at 84 - Los Angeles Times - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- 'I never saw the sun': Israeli captive breaks silence on 903 days of torture in Iraq - www.israelhayom.com - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Archaeologists unearth 5,000-year-old temple in Northern Iraq, redefining early Mesopotamian history - SyriacPress - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- 'Strung Up and Tortured': Elizabeth Tsurkov Recounts Over Two Years of Captivity in Iraq - Haaretz - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Nineveh ready for Iraq's elections, governor says - Shafaq News - - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Mastermind of the Iraq War Lies Dick Cheney Dies at 84 - The Daily Beast - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Iraq settles with Cypriot award creditor over sea wall - Global Arbitration Review - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- 5,000-year-old temple unearthed in Northern Iraq - Iraqi News - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Two Days in Northern Iraq: Come Pray with Us - Assemblies of God - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Dick Cheney dies: giant of the US conservative movement whose legacy was defined by the Iraq war - The Conversation - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Dick Cheney, architect of the US invasion of Iraq, dies aged 84 - Middle East Eye - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Iraq, gay marriage and other key Dick Cheney moments - The Washington Post - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- McLean resident who helped engineer invasion of Iraq dies at 84 - FFXnow - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Dick Cheney, Architect of Iraq Occupation and U.S. Torture Program, Dies at 84 - Democracy Now! - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Dick Cheney: Iraq war architect and former VP dead at 84 - Channel 4 - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Former Iraq PM Al-Maliki could heavily influence election despite troubled past - Arab News PK - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Early Bloggers Changed the Publics Perception About the Iraq War - TPM - Talking Points Memo - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- 'I was right about Iraq.' It was Dick Cheney's war, and he owned it until the very end. - Yahoo - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Iraq war and interrogations: Why Dick Cheney's legacy will be a divisive one - Sky News - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Exclusive: Web of Science company involved in dubious awards in Iraq - Retraction Watch - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Dick Cheney, architect of Iraq war and Biden-era Trump critic, dies at 84 - South China Morning Post - November 5th, 2025 [November 5th, 2025]
- Pope to the new nuncio in Iraq: Foster hope and peace - Vatican News - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- A Jewish family lost their home in Iraq. It's now the French embassy and the family is fighting for justice - National Post - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Excelerate (NYSE: EE) to build Iraq's first LNG terminal in 5-year deal, 250 MMscf/d - Stock Titan - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Iraq recovers 185 ancient artifacts seized in the United Kingdom - Iraqi News - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Roblox is firmly opposing Iraq's prohibition, asserting that the government's justification is "inaccurate" - WN Hub - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- PKK says withdrawing all forces from Turkey to northern Iraq - Middle East Eye - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Did Baghdad and Erbil approve the PKK's withdrawal to Iraq? - The New Arab - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Kurdish rebel group PKK says it is withdrawing its fighters from Turkey to Iraq - ABC News - Breaking News, Latest News and Videos - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- After Tragedy, This Iraq War Veteran Lost 129 Pounds & Kept It Off With Music. - Men's Health - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Iraq achieves over $48 billion in 9 months from oil exports - Iraqi News - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- "This is how I remember Pope Francis". From Egypt to Iraq, from Argentina to Indonesia: at 'Daring peace' the stages of meetings that have... - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Kurdish PKK announces withdrawal of all forces from Turkey to northern Iraq - Turkish Minute - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- History Book: The massacre in Iraq - wng.org - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Popes 1st episcopal ordination is for his representative in Iraq - aleteia.org - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- UNESCO, Italy expand access to education in southern Iraq - Iraqi News - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Kurdish rebel group PKK says it is withdrawing its fighters from Turkey to Iraq - WHEC.com - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Croatia offers expertise in demining and infrastructure rebuilding to Iraq (PHOTO) - Trend News Agency - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- AJet to expand Iraq routes with new direct flights from Ankara, Istanbul - Trkiye Today - October 28th, 2025 [October 28th, 2025]
- Kurdish PKK says withdrawing all forces from Turkey to north Iraq - The Elkhart Truth - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Kurdish PKK announces it is withdrawing fighters from Turkiye to Iraq - Al Jazeera - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Kurdish rebel group PKK says it is withdrawing its fighters from Turkey to Iraq - AP News - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Iran holds talks with Iraq on preserving ruins of Taq Kasra monument - Tehran Times - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Iraq quietly mediates between Iran, Syria in effort to thaw relationship - The New Region - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Ahead of the Second World Development Summit, Iraq And The UN Support Key Commitments To Enhance Social Protection - OANANews - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- PKK Withdraws All Forces From Turkey to Iraq, Declares New Phase in Peace Process With Ankara - The Media Line - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Will PKK withdrawing from Turkey after 40 years of conflict affect Iraq? - analysis - The Jerusalem Post - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Kurdish PKK says withdrawing all forces from Turkey to north Iraq - Key Biscayne Portal - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Kurdistan Freedom Movement announces withdrawal of guerrilla forces from Turkey to northern Iraq - SyriacPress - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Kurdish PKK says withdrawing all forces from Turkey to north Iraq - Messenger-Inquirer - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Iraq heads to elections marred by violence at sensitive moment for Middle East - The Times of Israel - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Kurdish PKK says withdrawing all forces from Turkey to north Iraq - Northeast Mississippi Daily Journal - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Kurdish rebel group PKK says it is withdrawing its fighters from Turkey to Iraq - Imperial Valley Press Online - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Kurdish PKK says withdrawing all forces from Turkey to north Iraq - Homenewshere.com - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]
- Kurdish PKK says withdrawing all forces from Turkey to north Iraq - Citizen Tribune - October 26th, 2025 [October 26th, 2025]