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Of course, transparency and privacy concerns are significant, she notes, but if the information from our public health care system benefits everyone, is it inefficient to ask for consent for every use?

On the other hand, cybersecurity is another essential consideration, as weve come to learn that there are a lot of malevolent actors out there, says Miller Olafsson, with the potential ability to hack into centralized systems as part of a ransomware attack or other threat.

Even in its more basic uses, the potential of AI and machine learning is enormous. But the tricky part of using it in the health care sector is the need to have access to incredible amounts of data while at the same time understanding the sensitive nature of the data collected.

For artificial intelligence to be used in systems, procedures, or devices, you need access to data, and getting that data, particularly personal health information, is very challenging, says Carole Piovesan, managing partner at INQ Law in Toronto.

She points to the developing legal frameworks in Europe and North America for artificial intelligence and privacy legislation more generally. Lawyers working with start-up companies or health care organizations to build AI systems must help them stay within the parameters of existing laws, says Piovesan, and provide guidance on best practices for whatever may come down the line and help them deal with the potential risks.

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Advances in AI and machine learning could lead to better health care: lawyers - Lexpert