Harnessing Machine Learning to Make Complex Systems More … – Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (.gov)
Getting something for nothing doesnt work in physics. But it turns out that, by thinking like a strategic gamer, and with some help from a demon, improved energy efficiency for complex systems like data centers might be possible.
In computer simulations, Stephen Whitelam of the Department of Energys Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) used neural networks (a type of machine learning model that mimics human brain processes) to train nanosystems, which are tiny machines about the size of molecules, to work with greater energy efficiency.
Whats more, the simulations showed that learned protocols could draw heat from the systems by virtue of constantly measuring them to find the most energy efficient operations.
We can get energy out of the system, or we can store work in the system, Whitelam said.
Its an insight that could prove valuable, for example, in operating very large systems like computer data centers. Banks of computers produce enormous amounts of heat that must be extracted using still more energy to prevent damage to the sensitive electronics.
We can get energy out of the system, or we can store work in the system.
Stephen Whitelam
Whitelam conducted the research at the Molecular Foundry, a DOE Office of Science user facility at Berkeley Lab. His work is described in a paper published in Physical Review X.
Asked about the origin of his ideas, Whitelam said, People had used techniques in the machine learning literature to play Atari video games that seemed naturally suited to materials science.
In a video game like Pac Man, he explained, the aim with machine learning would be to choose a particular time for an action up, down, left, right, and so on to be performed. Over time, the machine learning algorithms will learn the best moves to make, and when, to achieve high scores. The same algorithms can work for nanoscale systems.
Whitelams simulations are also something of an answer to an old thought experiment in physics called Maxwells Demon. Briefly, in 1867, physicist James Clerk Maxwell proposed a box filled with a gas, and in the middle of the box there would be a massless demon controlling a trap door. The demon would open the door to allow faster molecules of the gas to move to one side of the box and slower molecules to the opposite side.
Eventually, with all molecules so segregated, the slow side of the box would be cold and the fast side would be hot, matching the energy of the molecules.
The system would constitute a heat engine, Whitelam said. Importantly, however, Maxwells Demon doesnt violate the laws of thermodynamics getting something for nothing because information is equivalent to energy. Measuring the position and speed of molecules in the box costs more energy than that derived from the resulting heat engine.
And heat engines can be useful things. Refrigerators provide a good analogy, Whitelam said. As the system runs, food inside stays cold the desired outcome even though the back of the fridge gets hot as a product of work done by the refrigerators motor.
In Whitelams simulations, the machine learning protocol can be thought of as the demon. In the process of optimization, it converts information drawn from the system modeled into energy as heat.
In one simulation, Whitelam optimized the process of dragging a nanoscale bead through water. He modeled a so-called optical trap in which laser beams, acting like tweezers of light, can hold and move a bead around.
The name of the game is: Go from here to there with as little work done on the system as possible, Whitelam said. The bead jiggles under natural fluctuations called Brownian motion as water molecules are bombarding it. Whitelam showed that if these fluctuations can be measured, moving the bead can then be done at the most energy efficient moment.
Here were showing that we can train a neural-network demon to do something similar to Maxwells thought experiment but with an optical trap, he said.
Whitelam extended the idea to microelectronics and computation. He used the machine learning protocol to simulate flipping the state of a nanomagnetic bit between 0 and 1, which is a basic information-erasure/information-copying operation in computing.
Do this again, and again. Eventually, your demon will learn how to flip the bit so as to absorb heat from the surroundings, he said. He comes back to the refrigerator analogy. You could make a computer that cools down as it runs, with the heat being sent somewhere else in your data center.
Whitelam said the simulations are like a testbed for understanding concepts and ideas. And here the idea is just showing that you can perform these protocols, either with little energy expense, or energy sucked in at the cost of going somewhere else, using measurements that could apply in a real-life experiment, he said.
This research was supported by the Department of Energys Office of Science.
# # #
Founded in 1931 on the belief that the biggest scientific challenges are best addressed by teams, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and its scientists have been recognized with 16 Nobel Prizes. Today, Berkeley Lab researchers develop sustainable energy and environmental solutions, create useful new materials, advance the frontiers of computing, and probe the mysteries of life, matter, and the universe. Scientists from around the world rely on the Labs facilities for their own discovery science. Berkeley Lab is a multiprogram national laboratory, managed by the University of California for the U.S. Department of Energys Office of Science.
DOEs Office of Science is the single largest supporter of basic research in the physical sciences in the United States, and is working to address some of the most pressing challenges of our time. For more information, please visit energy.gov/science.
- This AI Paper from Microsoft and Novartis Introduces Chimera: A Machine Learning Framework for Accurate and Scalable Retrosynthesis Prediction -... - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- Benefits and Challenges of Integrating AI and Machine Learning into EHR Systems - Healthcare IT Today - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- The History Of AI: How Machine Learning's Evolution Is Reshaping Everything Around Us - SlashGear - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- AI and Machine Learning to Enhance Pension Plan Governance and the Investor Experience: New CFA Institute Research - Fintech Finance - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- Address Common Machine Learning Challenges With Managed MLflow - The New Stack - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- Machine Learning Used To Classify Fossils Of Extinct Pollen - Offworld Astrobiology Applications? - Astrobiology News - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- Machine learning model predicts CDK4/6 inhibitor effectiveness in metastatic breast cancer - News-Medical.Net - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- New Lockheed Martin Subsidiary to Offer Machine Learning Tools to Defense Customers - ExecutiveBiz - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- How Powerful Will AI and Machine Learning Become? - International Policy Digest - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- ChatGPT-Assisted Machine Learning for Chronic Disease Classification and Prediction: A Developmental and Validation Study - Cureus - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- Blood Tests Are Far From Perfect But Machine Learning Could Change That - Inverse - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- Amazons AGI boss: You dont need a PhD in machine learning to build with AI anymore - Fortune - December 18th, 2024 [December 18th, 2024]
- From Novice to Pro: A Roadmap for Your Machine Learning Career - KDnuggets - December 10th, 2024 [December 10th, 2024]
- Dimension nabs $500M second fund for 'still contrary' intersection of bio and machine learning - Endpoints News - December 10th, 2024 [December 10th, 2024]
- Using Machine Learning to Make A Really Big Detailed Simulation - Astrobites - December 10th, 2024 [December 10th, 2024]
- Driving Business Growth with GreenTomatos Data and Machine Learning Strategy on Generative AI - AWS Blog - December 10th, 2024 [December 10th, 2024]
- Unlocking the power of data analytics and machine learning to drive business performance - WTW - December 10th, 2024 [December 10th, 2024]
- AI and the Ethics of Machine Learning | by Abwahabanjum | Dec, 2024 - Medium - December 10th, 2024 [December 10th, 2024]
- Differentiating Cystic Lesions in the Sellar Region of the Brain Using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Early Diagnosis: A Prospective... - December 10th, 2024 [December 10th, 2024]
- New Amazon SageMaker AI Innovations Reimagine How Customers Build and Scale Generative AI and Machine Learning Models - Amazon Press Release - December 10th, 2024 [December 10th, 2024]
- What is Machine Learning? 18 Crucial Concepts in AI, ML, and LLMs - Netguru - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Machine learning-based prediction of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Uganda - BMC Infectious Diseases - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Interdisciplinary Team Needed to Apply Machine Learning in Epilepsy Surgery: Lara Jehi, MD, MHCDS - Neurology Live - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- A multimodal machine learning model for the stratification of breast cancer risk - Nature.com - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Machine learning based intrusion detection framework for detecting security attacks in internet of things - Nature.com - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Machine learning evaluation of a hypertension screening program in a university workforce over five years - Nature.com - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Vaultree Introduces VENum Stack: Combining the Power of Machine Learning and Encrypted Data Processing for Secure Innovation - PR Newswire - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Direct simulation and machine learning structure identification unravel soft martensitic transformation and twinning dynamics - pnas.org - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- AI and Machine Learning - Maryland to use AI technology to manage traffic flow - SmartCitiesWorld - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Researchers make machine learning breakthrough in lithium-ion tech here's how it could make aging batteries safer - Yahoo! Voices - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Integrating IoT and machine learning: Benefits and use cases - TechTarget - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Landsat asks industry for artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning for satellite operations - Military & Aerospace Electronics - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Machine learning optimized efficient graphene-based ultra-broadband solar absorber for solar thermal applications - Nature.com - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Polymathic AI Releases The Well: 15TB of Machine Learning Datasets Containing Numerical Simulations of a Wide Variety of Spatiotemporal Physical... - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Prediction of preterm birth using machine learning: a comprehensive analysis based on large-scale preschool children survey data in Shenzhen of China... - December 5th, 2024 [December 5th, 2024]
- Application of machine learning algorithms to identify serological predictors of COVID-19 severity and outcomes - Nature.com - November 30th, 2024 [November 30th, 2024]
- Predicting the time to get back to work using statistical models and machine learning approaches - BMC Medical Research Methodology - November 30th, 2024 [November 30th, 2024]
- AI and Machine Learning - US releases recommendations for use of AI in critical infrastructure - SmartCitiesWorld - November 30th, 2024 [November 30th, 2024]
- Machine learning-based diagnostic model for stroke in non-neurological intensive care unit patients with acute neurological manifestations -... - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Analysis of four long non-coding RNAs for hepatocellular carcinoma screening and prognosis by the aid of machine learning techniques - Nature.com - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Evaluation and prediction of the physical properties and quality of Jatob-do-Cerrado seeds processed and stored in different conditions using machine... - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Researchers use fitness tracker data and machine learning to detect bipolar disorder mood swings - Medical Xpress - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Advances in AI and Machine Learning for Nuclear Applications - Frontiers - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Researchers make machine learning breakthrough in lithium-ion tech here's how it could make aging batteries safer - The Cool Down - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Svitla Systems Publishes Results of the Study on Machine Learning's Role in Credit Scoring - Newsfile - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Predicting poor performance on cognitive tests among older adults using wearable device data and machine learning: a feasibility study - Nature.com - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Quantum Machine Learning: Bridging the Future of AI and Quantum Computing - TechBullion - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- AI and machine learning trends in healthcare - Healthcare Leader - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Identification of biomarkers for the diagnosis in colorectal polyps and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) by bioinformatics... - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Revolutionizing Business Systems with Machine Learning: Practical Innovations for the Modern Era - TechBullion - November 28th, 2024 [November 28th, 2024]
- Can AI improve plant-based meats? Using mechanical testing and machine learning to mimic the sensory experience - Phys.org - November 16th, 2024 [November 16th, 2024]
- Machine Learning Reveals Impact of Microbial Load on Gut Health and Disease - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News - November 16th, 2024 [November 16th, 2024]
- Machine learning for predicting in-hospital mortality in elderly patients with heart failure combined with hypertension: a multicenter retrospective... - November 16th, 2024 [November 16th, 2024]
- Apple Researchers Propose Cut Cross-Entropy (CCE): A Machine Learning Method that Computes the Cross-Entropy Loss without Materializing the Logits for... - November 16th, 2024 [November 16th, 2024]
- Exploring electron-beam induced modifications of materials with machine-learning assisted high temporal resolution electron microscopy - Nature.com - November 16th, 2024 [November 16th, 2024]
- Facilitated the discovery of new / Co-based superalloys by combining first-principles and machine learning - Nature.com - November 16th, 2024 [November 16th, 2024]
- Thwarting Phishing Attacks with Predictive Analytics and Machine Learning in 2024 - Petri.com - November 16th, 2024 [November 16th, 2024]
- Optoelectronic performance prediction of HgCdTe homojunction photodetector in long wave infrared spectral region using traditional simulations and... - November 16th, 2024 [November 16th, 2024]
- A new approach for sex prediction by evaluating mandibular arch and canine dimensions with machine-learning classifiers and intraoral scanners (a... - November 16th, 2024 [November 16th, 2024]
- AI and Machine Learning - Google and National League of Cities develop AI toolkit - SmartCitiesWorld - November 16th, 2024 [November 16th, 2024]
- Machine learning for the physics of climate - Nature.com - November 14th, 2024 [November 14th, 2024]
- Red Hat acquires tech to lower the cost of machine learning - ComputerWeekly.com - November 14th, 2024 [November 14th, 2024]
- SUU Professor Receives Grant to Develop Machine Learning Certificate - Southern Utah University - November 14th, 2024 [November 14th, 2024]
- Research on the timing for subsequent water flooding in Alkali-Surfactant-Polymer flooding in Daqing Oilfield based on automated machine learning -... - November 14th, 2024 [November 14th, 2024]
- SNPs and blood inflammatory marker featured machine learning for predicting the efficacy of fluorouracil-based chemotherapy in colorectal cancer -... - November 14th, 2024 [November 14th, 2024]
- Speech production under stress for machine learning: multimodal dataset of 79 cases and 8 signals - Nature.com - November 14th, 2024 [November 14th, 2024]
- Xbox Series X Machine Learning Hardware Has Some Use Cases, But Microsoft Never Showed Interest in Doing Anything With It - Wccftech - November 14th, 2024 [November 14th, 2024]
- Get An Introduction to Optimization: With Applications to Machine Learning, 5th Edition for FREE and save $106! - BetaNews - November 14th, 2024 [November 14th, 2024]
- New Study Uses fMRI and Machine Learning to Explore Brain Function - AZoRobotics - November 14th, 2024 [November 14th, 2024]
- Introduction to Machine Learning (ML) | by Venkat | Nov, 2024 - Medium - November 14th, 2024 [November 14th, 2024]
- The future of PC gaming will be AI-driven - AMD confirms machine learning FSR 4 for 2025, launching in Call of Duty: Black Ops 6 - TechRadar - November 4th, 2024 [November 4th, 2024]
- Machine-Learning Platform Gives DoD Ability To ID Threat Network Activity - Defense Innovation Unit - November 4th, 2024 [November 4th, 2024]
- Machine Learning Offers a Water Bill Discount to Wealthy Portlander - Willamette Week - November 4th, 2024 [November 4th, 2024]
- Researcher to discuss impact of machine learning, AI Nov. 12 at SBU - Olean Times Herald - November 4th, 2024 [November 4th, 2024]
- Design and predict the potential of imidazole-based organic dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells using fingerprint machine learning and supported by a... - November 4th, 2024 [November 4th, 2024]
- AMDs Next-Gen FSR with machine learning is coming to Call of Duty Black Ops 6 - VideoCardz.com - November 4th, 2024 [November 4th, 2024]
- Machine-learning analysis tracks the evolution of 16th-century European astronomical thought - Phys.org - November 4th, 2024 [November 4th, 2024]
- Machine learning reveals secrets of aging in flies and humans - News-Medical.Net - November 4th, 2024 [November 4th, 2024]
- Tevogen Bio Expands on Microsoft Partnership to Integrate Machine Learning and AI into Preclinical Processes, Accelerating Drug Development and... - November 4th, 2024 [November 4th, 2024]
- Social AI: Human and machine learning from one another - UConn Daily Campus - November 4th, 2024 [November 4th, 2024]