Obama and Race: Color-Blind Rhetoric Helped Forge Winning Coalition – Newsweek
This article originally appeared on The Conversation.
The relationship between black presidential candidates and potential voters is more complex than it is for their white opponents. Myresearchon historic firsts shows that white voters tend to ascribe characteristics to black candidates that place them at a disadvantage.
Thats why Barack Obamas presidency became synonymous with an end goal of the civil rights movement and a source of pride for so many Americans. His campaign experience, like that of predecessors Shirley Chisholm and Jesse Jackson, suggests something about the extent to which African-Americans have gained acceptance as legitimate political actors.
Try Newsweek for only $1.25 per week
Obama more easily mobilized white voters because he was less interested in challenging the system, and more ideologically liberal than his predecessors. He also adapted to the political environment, recognizing key voting constituencies. Obama pulled together the type of coalition that Chisholm and Jackson had aspired to lead, composed of college students, hard-core progressives, organized labor and independents.
His departure from office is a time to look back and recall the historic impact of his candidacy and victory.
Presidentialcampaignslaunched by Shirley Chisholm in 1972 and Jesse Jackson in 1984 were aimed at forging interracial alliances. However, each of these candidates failed to build a coalition of historically marginalized groups. Instead, theirrhetoricprimarily appealed to African-American voters in locales where they comprised a majority, or near majority, of the population.
Percy Maimela, a self-taught artist, puts finishing touches to a portrait of former U.S. President Barack Obama, created using salt, at his home in Pretoria, South Africa, January 24. Reuters
As a result, they drew limited support from white voters. For example, by large margins, white votersviewed Jacksonas less knowledgeable, less fair, less likely to care about people like them and more prejudiced than his white opponents Walter Mondale and Michael Dukakis.
Like Chisholm and Jackson, Obamas candidacy in 2008 aroused fears, resentments and prejudices.
He was falsely accused of being a Muslim. Stereotypes werereinventedand popular images reanimated and parodied in blogs, email, tweets and other social media outlets. T-shirts were printed with animageof Curious George, a monkey from a well-known childrens book, inscribed with the words Obama 08, comparing African-Americans to apes.
The Tea Party Movement, a conservative wing of the Republican Party, alsoorchestrateda number of attacks on Obamas patriotism, religious beliefs and citizenship status through protest rallies and social media. Obamas racial identity and other personal traits remained a matter of public debate long after the general election.
Like his predecessors, Obama was perceived aslackingleadershipexperience. He was viewed as less competent, less knowledgeable of foreign affairs and more concerned with racial issues like affirmative action and immigration reform.
Because he was undeniably black, he was seen as an authentic representative of the African-American electorate, not the entire American electorate. His campaign had to overcome this notion.
Obama employed a race-neutral approach during his first presidential campaign. In his hallmarkspeechat the 2004 DNC he said:
Theres not a liberal America and a conservative America, there is the United States of America. There is not a black America and a white America and Latino America and Asian America, there is the United States of America.
His rhetoric aimed to satisfy diverse constituents across racial and ethnic groups. Obama used universal, color-blind language that appealed to most Americans.
He focused on quality-of-life issues, such as universal health care, equal educational opportunities and full employment for the lower and middle classes. Doing so increased the likelihood that more Americans would support his campaign. He was less interested in race-specific overtures that directly appealed to African-American voters. As I argue inmy book, Historic Firsts: How Symbolic Empowerment Changes U.S. Politics, Obama unified liberal white voters.
Still, pundits pondered whether a black man, elected by a white majority with support of African-American voters, represented a psychological, but not necessarily a substantive, triumph over race.
His predecessors Chisholm and Jackson had heavily relied on racial bloc voting and the stylistic influence of a Black Power traditionspeaking truth to power, dramatic confrontation and public spectaclefor electoral success. Obama was a successful candidate because he was neither righteous nor indignant. He ran a campaign that was racially and culturally inclusive.
Today, there is little question as to whether a black male politician at the top of a major partys presidential ticket can transform beliefs about African-American men in politics. The outcome of the 2008 American presidential election shows that the majority of American voters are willing to vote for a black Democratic presidential candidate.
However, it is a certain type of black presidential candidate who will find it easier, and others more difficult, to gain white support.
Evelyn M. Simien isAssociate Professor of Political Science and Africana Studies, University of Connecticut.
More:
Obama and Race: Color-Blind Rhetoric Helped Forge Winning Coalition - Newsweek
- Barack and Michelle Obama Say They're 'So Proud' of Daughter Malia on 27th Birthday: 'Keep Shining Bright, My Love' - People.com - July 6th, 2025 [July 6th, 2025]
- Steph Curry revealed what Barack Obama's golf game is like after playing with him and Jordan Spieth - The Golfing Gazette - July 6th, 2025 [July 6th, 2025]
- Barack and Michelle Obama Share Why They're "So Proud" of Malia on Her 27th Birthday - instyle.com - July 6th, 2025 [July 6th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama's new photo of Malia on her birthday leaves fans saying the same thing - hellomagazine.com - July 6th, 2025 [July 6th, 2025]
- Malia Obama celebrates her birthday on Fourth of July: Our favorite looks over the years - hola.com - July 6th, 2025 [July 6th, 2025]
- Your campaign is a mess: What incredulous Obama thought of Biden running again - Washington Examiner - July 6th, 2025 [July 6th, 2025]
- Malia Obama, Suri Cruise, Jennifer Garner, and more celebs wearing overalls - hola.com - July 6th, 2025 [July 6th, 2025]
- Bush, Obama and singer Bono fault Trumps gutting of USAID on agencys last day - Politico - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- USAID officially closes, attracting condemnation from Obama and Bush - BBC - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Mamdani campaign hires former Obama, Clinton spokesperson who wished death on Trump - New York Post - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Bush, Obama and singer Bono fault Trumps gutting of USAID on agencys last day - AP News - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- News - Mrs. Obama: Nation Must Step up Forever for Military Families - DVIDS - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- News - Obama: Wont Accept Budget That Shortchanges Readiness - DVIDS - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Malia Obama shows off her summer abs on the way to the gym in Los Angeles - HOLA - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Readers respond: Obama deal would have avoided Trump bombing - OregonLive.com - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Rubio hails end of USAID as Bush, Obama deplore cost in lives - France 24 - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Obama, Bush and Bono bid a fond farewell to USAID - Daily Kos - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Fmr. Obama Treasury Sec. concerned Zohran Mamdani will ruin NYC if elected mayor - Fox News - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Comments - Obama and Bush Team Up To Shred Trump Over USAID - The Bulwark - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- How Trump plays with new media says a lot about him as it did with FDR, Kennedy and Obama - The Conversation - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Obama Urges Americans to Pressure Reps to Reject Trump Megabill - The Rickey Smiley Morning Show - July 4th, 2025 [July 4th, 2025]
- Obama and Bush Unite in Rare Move Against Trump - The Daily Beast - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Bush, Obama and Bono Commend USAID Staff Members on Their Last Day - The New York Times - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Lucas: Obama and the Democrats paved the way for Irans nuclear program - Boston Herald - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Obama, Bush decry travesty of Trumps gutting of USAID on its last day - Al Jazeera - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Obama, Bush criticize Trump administration for gutting USAID - Washington Examiner - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- 10 Years Later: Looking Back On a Week That Shaped Our Country - Barack Obama Medium - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Bush, Obama and Bono bid farewell to USAID as 14m more deaths forecast without it - The Independent - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Obama, Bush and Bono eulogize USAID on final day - The Week - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- House Republicans call for investigation into Obama-appointed judge in Trump funding case - AOL.com - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Donald Trump's 'colossal mistake' BLASTED by Obama and Bush during surprise reunion that left Bono in tears - Daily Mail - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Physician Tina Shah, who served in Obama and Biden administrations, will challenge Kean in NJ-7 - New Jersey Globe - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Michelle Obama shares the three words her dying mother said that changed her outlook on life - TheGrio - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Michelle Obama's podcast puts her in limelight in new Trump era, but she's not coming to Democrats' rescue - Fox News - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Bush and Obama fault Trumps gutting of USAID on agencys last day - MSN - July 2nd, 2025 [July 2nd, 2025]
- Don Jr.: "Affirmative Action" is why Obama won Nobel, not Trump - CNN - June 29th, 2025 [June 29th, 2025]
- A former Obama speechwriter learned to surf with his Joe Rogan-loving brother-in-law. Heres what happened next. - Inquirer.com - June 29th, 2025 [June 29th, 2025]
- The key difference between Obama and Trump on immigration - Orange County Register - June 29th, 2025 [June 29th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama shares 4 words her mom said at the end of her life that stuck with her - NPR - June 29th, 2025 [June 29th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama Discusses Parental Pain After Malia Changes Her Last Name to Push Away From Her Parents - Yahoo - June 29th, 2025 [June 29th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama Emotionally Shares Impact of 3 Words from Her Dying Mother - MSN - June 29th, 2025 [June 29th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama Reveals the Four Dying Words from Her Mother That Changed the Way She Lives Her Life - parade.com - June 29th, 2025 [June 29th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama reveals why shes rarely seen with Barack - Yahoo - June 29th, 2025 [June 29th, 2025]
- See the photos of Barack Obama School for Social Justice graduation ceremony - Lohud - June 29th, 2025 [June 29th, 2025]
- Viral video: Michelle Obama tears up while remembering her mother, reveals her take on death | Watch - Mint - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama says Barack Obama divorce rumor reactions are like 'the apocalypse' - USA Today - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- This week in whoppers: Former aide's 'anti-war' Obama fantasy, Nina Turner's ignorance on Iran's abuse of women and more - New York Post - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Obama and Biden sent American taxpayers' money to Iran...: White House reveals - WION - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Trump Jr Says Obama Getting Nobel Prize Over Father Is 'Affirmative Action' - Newsweek - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama Gets Emotional Talking About the 3 Powerful Words Her Mom Said While Dying - People.com - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Ex-Obama aide says its insane to think Cuomo is best choice for New York mayor as it happened - The Guardian - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- We are 60: Michelle on divorce rumors, explains why she's rarely seen with Barack Obama - Times of India - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Ex-Obama aide: Insane to think Cuomo better than democratic socialist - The Hill - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama addresses divorce rumors and why shes rarely seen with Barack: Were 60, yall - New York Post - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Democrats are more likely than Republicans to support naming public places after Obama, Harvey Milk, and Malcolm X - YouGov - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Trump Jr. says Barack Obama getting Nobel Peace Prize over his father is affirmative action - TheGrio - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama addresses rumors of the end of our marriage - The Hill - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama reacts to divorce rumours: Were 60, yall! - The Indian Express - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama mocks rumors that her marriage is in trouble - Fox News - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama Addresses Divorce Rumors and Why Shes Rarely Seen with Husband Barack - instyle.com - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama addresses the Barack Obama divorce rumors with humor - HOLA - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Megyn Kelly parodies Michelle Obama as she hits out at former first lady for 'never having a positive word to say' - Daily Mail - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama Explains Her Rare Public Outings With Barack - The Daily Beast - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama says Barack Obama divorce rumor reactions are like 'the apocalypse' - MSN - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama reveals why shes rarely seen with Barack - The Telegraph - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama Just Revealed Why She's Glad She Didn't Have Boys, And Her Reason Makes Sooo Much Sense - BuzzFeed - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama addresses lack of public appearances with husband Barack following divorce rumors - The Independent - June 28th, 2025 [June 28th, 2025]
- Obama CBA Coalition adds the $9B Illinois quantum park to its fight for environmental and housing justice - The TRiiBE - June 24th, 2025 [June 24th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama says a line her mom used to repeat about parenting always stuck with her - Business Insider - June 24th, 2025 [June 24th, 2025]
- Rewind: Did Trump claim in 2011 that Obama would start war with Iran to get elected? - Snopes.com - June 24th, 2025 [June 24th, 2025]
- Obama will start a war with Iran to win re-election: Amid US strikes on Tehran, Donald Trumps old twe - Times of India - June 24th, 2025 [June 24th, 2025]
- Did Netanyahu coerce Trump into attacking Iran? No but he tried with Obama - The Forward - June 24th, 2025 [June 24th, 2025]
- Why Michelle Obama Is "So Glad" She Didn't Have a Son With Husband Barack Obama - Marie Claire - June 24th, 2025 [June 24th, 2025]
- Froma Harrop: Barack Obama speaks, and it's the truth - Grand Forks Herald - June 24th, 2025 [June 24th, 2025]
- Michelle Obama: Im glad I dont have a son he would have turned out like my husband - The Telegraph - June 22nd, 2025 [June 22nd, 2025]
- How does an Obama speechwriter befriend a Joe Rogan fan? Via surfing - The Guardian - June 22nd, 2025 [June 22nd, 2025]
- Michelle Obama Jokes She's 'Glad' She Never Had a Boy Because He 'Would've Been a Barack': 'Would've Felt for Him' - People.com - June 22nd, 2025 [June 22nd, 2025]
- Why Michelle Obama Didn't Want to Have A Boy With Husband Barack - parade.com - June 22nd, 2025 [June 22nd, 2025]
- Why Michelle Obama Is Glad She Didnt Have a Son With Husband Barack Obama - E! Online - June 22nd, 2025 [June 22nd, 2025]
- Michelle Obama says she's 'so glad' she never had a son, says he 'would have been a Barack Obama' - Fox News - June 22nd, 2025 [June 22nd, 2025]